US3430694A - Plate structure for heat exchangers - Google Patents

Plate structure for heat exchangers Download PDF

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Publication number
US3430694A
US3430694A US591794A US3430694DA US3430694A US 3430694 A US3430694 A US 3430694A US 591794 A US591794 A US 591794A US 3430694D A US3430694D A US 3430694DA US 3430694 A US3430694 A US 3430694A
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United States
Prior art keywords
plates
distance
pieces
distance pieces
heat exchanger
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Expired - Lifetime
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US591794A
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English (en)
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Olof Cardell
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D9/0031—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D9/0062—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
    • Y10S165/355—Heat exchange having separate flow passage for two distinct fluids
    • Y10S165/356—Plural plates forming a stack providing flow passages therein
    • Y10S165/373—Adjacent heat exchange plates having joined bent edge flanges for forming flow channels therebetween
    • Y10S165/384—Thermally bonded side edges

Definitions

  • the shape of the contact surfaces of the distance pieces and the sheet metal members and the mass of said pieces must not differ from certain relative values to avoid disadvantages in welding and during the subsequent use or" the heat exchanger.
  • the radius of curvature of the contact surfaces of the distance pieces should be greater than half the distance between the sheet metal members, because otherwise the mass of the distance piece is too small to obtain a correct weld produced by electrical resistance welding. Suitable distance pieces are obtained by cutting wires having elliptic cross section. Also metallic tablets are usable.
  • This invention relates to plate structure for heat exchangers of the type comprising opposite plates of sheet metal which pairwise define passages for heat exchanging media and in which the sheet metal members are located relatively close to each other so that narrow passages are formed between the plates. Said members are usually assembled to provide for a heat exchanging medium to flow between every second pair of members and another heat exchanging medium to flow between the other pairs.
  • the object of this invention is to provide a heat exchanger of the type indicated which is able to resist comparatively high and varying pressures.
  • the plates or members are pairwise connected to each other by means of distance pieces having curved surfaces which are secured to the plates or members by resistance welding, the radius of curvature of said surfaces being equal to or greater than half the distance between the plates connected to each other by the distance pieces. Due to the above indicated form of the distance pieces and their connection with the opposite plates or members it is possible to connect said members to one another in a very effective manner so as to obtain a permanently durable structure. It has proved in practice that the shape of the distance pieces is highly important to effective welded joints at opposite plates of the heat exchanger, especially if the distance between the plates is small.
  • the radius of curvature of a spherical ball at the places of contact between the plates is constant and equal to half the distance between the plates.
  • a distance piece having a curved contact surface cannot be used in case of small distances between the plates unless its mass is greater than that of a spherical ball, and for this reason the radius of curvature of such a distance piece must be greater than half the distance between the plates.
  • Distance pieces in the form of balls have the advantage that they can be easily applied to their positions and need not be directed as is the case with distance pieces in the form of studs or the like the end surfaces of which are connected to the plates.
  • the distance pieces consist of pieces of wire arranged in rows between the plates and being of circular cross section in case of greater distances between the plates and of oval, such as elliptic cross section in case of smaller distances between the plates and disposed between the plates such that the minor axis of the ellipse is perpendicular to. the planes of the plates.
  • Such distance pieces can have a suitable mass for obtaining a favourable thermal balance during the welding operation because the mass can be selected in a simple manner by suitable choice of the lengths of the pieces of wire.
  • the strength of the heat exchanger and its dimensional accuracy can further be favourably affected by suitable connection of the edges of the plates and by a suitable shape of the marginal portions connected to each other. Examples thereof are described hereinbelow with reference to the annexed drawings.
  • FIG. 1 is a fragmentary perspective view of plates comprised in a heat exchanger according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 illustrate a first embodiment of a distance piece as viewed from a side, from one end and from a side at right angles to FIG. 2, respectively.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate a lateral view and an end view, respectively, of a second embodiment of a distance piece.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 illustrate a lateral view and an end view, respectively, of a third embodiment.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a fourth embodiment of the distance piece.
  • FIG. 10 is a ftagementary perspective tvie w of a marginal portion of a heat exchanger and
  • FIG. 11 a similar fragmentary perspective view of a modification of the marginal portion.
  • FIGS. 12 and 13 are further perspective fragmentary views of modified embodiments of the heat exchanger.
  • FIG. 14 illustrates how the distance pieces can be welded to the plates.
  • reference numerals 1,2,3 and 4 denote fragments of parallel opposed plates in a heat exchanger.
  • the plates define narrow flat passages 5, 6, 7 for heat exchanging media.
  • a first fluid is assumed to flow in the direction indicated by the arrows 8 and in the passage 6 a second fluid flows in the direction of the arrows 9 which means that the heat exchanger exemplified is of the cross-current type.
  • the heat exchanger may be of a different type, such as counter-current or concurrent type.
  • the plates are pairwise kept together by means of distance pieces which also keep the plates at a desired distance from each other.
  • each passage may contain distance pieces.
  • the distance pieces consist of pieces of ⁇ wire which according to FIGS. 2 to 4 are elliptic and according to FIGS. 5 to 9 circular in cross section. In case of distance pieces of elliptic cross section the pieces are orientated in such a manner between the plates that the minor axis of the ellipse is perpendicular to the planes of the plates as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the above described shapes of the distance pieces are particularly advantageous from the point of view of welding.
  • the pieces of wire are easily placed in the most suitable positions for resistance welding.
  • Pieces elliptic cross section have the minor axis perpendicular to the plates resulting in a stable position.
  • Favourable thermal balance can be obtained during the resistance welding operation because the mass of the pieces of wire can be conveniently adapted by suitable selection of the diameter and/or length of the pieces.
  • the finished product will have a high dimensional accuracy. Further, the distance pieces can be secured in such positions that a uniformly rounded surface faces the direction of How (arrow 8 in FIG. 1) of the working medium in the passage between the plates which are connected to each other by the distance pieces, resulting in a low resistance to flow in the heat exchanger. This effect can be further improved if the distance pieces are separated such as cut off from the wire blank in such a manner that their ends are rounded as shown in FIGS. 2 and 4.
  • the distance pieces are attached by electric resistance welding and it is possible to start with strip-like metal sheets between which the distance pieces are placed in rows and all distance pieces in a row are welded simultaneously.
  • electrodes 1a, 2a are forced against the outsides of the plates 1, 2 opposite to the distance piece 10, and electric current is caused to flow from one electrode to the other via one plate, the distance piece 10 and the other plate.
  • the metal of these parts will melt to such an extent that a secure connection is obtained as is the case in customary electric resistance welding.
  • distance pieces in the form of wires of circular or oval cross section the distance piece is in linear contact with the opposite plates prior to the welding operation. During the welding operation the metal melts along these contact lines which will be transformed into surfaces along which the weld joint is formed. Due to the advantageous shape of the distance pieces the strength of such a weld joint is very high. Preferably all distance pieces in one and the same cross row are welded simultaneously and the plates are held in spaced relation ahead of the welding place.
  • the plates are pairwise connected to each other not only by means of the distance pieces, but also directly at the sides of the heatexchanger. This connection may be effected in any suitable manner which may be known per se.
  • FIGS. 10 and 11 Two embodiments which are especially advantageous from the point of view of welding are illustrated in FIGS. 10 and 11 which show the connections on one side of the heat exchanger. Similar connections may be provided on the opposite side of the heat exchanger.
  • the four plates 1, 2, 3, 4 are pairwise connected to each other by bending the marignal portions of the plates 1 and 2 toward each other and connecting the edges by a weld joint 11 and similarly connecting the bent marginal portions of the plates 3 and 4 by a weld joint 11.
  • the plates 1 and 2 form opposite sides in a flat hollow body.
  • the hollow bodies are connected to each other by distance pieces 10, but the interior of the hollow bodies is clear of distance pieces. Additional distance pieces 10' may be provided for connecting the hollow bodies illustrated with further hollow bodies located above and below.
  • the longitudinal direction of the distance pieces 10, 10' is perpendicular to the interconnected longitudinal edges of the hollow bodies, i.e. perpendicular to the weld joints 11, 11'. Consequently, the rounded sides of the distance pieces are facing the direction of flow indicated by the arrows 9.
  • FIG. 11 also shows four plates 21, 22, 23 and 24 which are pairwise connected to each other by means of distance pieces.
  • the distance pieces 10 are disposed between the plates 21 and 22, and the distance pieces 10 are disposed between the plates 23 and 24. All of the plates have their marginal portions bent in the same direction and they are welded together such that the edge 25 of a plate is in contact with the convex side 26 of the adjacent plate.
  • the result is a very stiff structure in which the weld joints on the sides of the heat exchanger are easy to effect.
  • the connection at the edges is suitably made by electrode welding with the use of filler metal prior to the welding operation.
  • Especially Wide hollow bodies can be obtained if two or more strips of plates 28, 29 have upwardly bent marginal portions 30, 31 which are welded together as shown in FIG. 12.
  • the hollow space between the plates is provided with distance pieces 32 which are welded in the manner described above.
  • the distance pieces may be provided within the flat hollow bodies Which form passages for one or more of the heat exchanging media, and/or on the outside of the hollow bodies. In the later case all of the plates will be connected by means of distance pieces.
  • a heat exchanger having a plurality of pairs of spaced parallel imperforate thin metal plates of substantial area, every second of said pairs of plates having distance pieces of solid metal therebetween which interconnect the plates of said pair, said interconnected pair of plates forming side walls of a tube member of substantially rectangular cross section having open ends for the flow therethrough of a first fluid in indirect heat exchange with a second fluid on the outer sides of the plates of said pair so that said first and second fluids flow through alternate passages between said plates, the distance pieces being short pieces spaced from each other in all directions and being shaped to have a cross section in which confronting sides, which face the plates on both sides of the distance pieces, are curved outward with a radius of curvature which is greater than half the distance between the plates so that the plates are tangential to said sides where they abut against the distance pieces and so that at each such abutment abutting metal from the plate and the distance piece is fused together without addition of other metal.
  • Aheat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, in which said distance pieces are circular when viewed in a direction perpendicular to said plates.
  • 2,601,973 7/1952 Jensen 165-166 3,211,219 10/1965 Rosenblad 165-166 References Cited 3,255,816 6/1966 Rosenblad 165166 UNITED STATES PATENTS 5 ROBERT A. OLEARY, Primary Examiner. 2,611,586 9/1952 Colhns 165166 3,280,906 10/1966 Rosenblad 5 1 X T. W. STREULE, Asszsz GmbH Exammer.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Mattresses And Other Support Structures For Chairs And Beds (AREA)
US591794A 1965-11-09 1966-11-03 Plate structure for heat exchangers Expired - Lifetime US3430694A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE1440965 1965-11-09
SE88366 1966-01-24
SE1292966 1966-09-26

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3430694A true US3430694A (en) 1969-03-04

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US591794A Expired - Lifetime US3430694A (en) 1965-11-09 1966-11-03 Plate structure for heat exchangers

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US (1) US3430694A (et)
BE (1) BE689448A (et)
CH (1) CH451217A (et)
DE (1) DE1501489A1 (et)
ES (1) ES333184A1 (et)
GB (1) GB1136297A (et)
NL (1) NL6615742A (et)
NO (1) NO117594B (et)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4041592A (en) * 1976-02-24 1977-08-16 Corning Glass Works Manufacture of multiple flow path body
US4052491A (en) * 1976-06-25 1977-10-04 Research-Cottrell, Inc. Modular gas and liquid contact means
FR2496861A1 (fr) * 1980-12-23 1982-06-25 Creusot Loire Echangeur de chaleur a plaques
EP0106479A1 (en) * 1982-09-10 1984-04-25 Unipart Group Limited Heat exchanger
FR2538889A1 (fr) * 1983-01-03 1984-07-06 Klein Alb Gmbh Co Kg Echangeur de chaleur a chambres plates ainsi que procede et machine pour la fabrication de cet echangeur
US4527622A (en) * 1981-08-06 1985-07-09 Klockner-Humboldt-Deutz Aktiengesellschaft Ring-shaped recuperative heat exchanger
US5000253A (en) * 1988-03-31 1991-03-19 Roy Komarnicki Ventilating heat recovery system
US5893408A (en) * 1995-08-04 1999-04-13 Nautica Dehumidifiers, Inc. Regenerative heat exchanger for dehumidification and air conditioning with variable airflow
US6389696B1 (en) 1999-10-07 2002-05-21 Xcellsis Gmbh Plate heat exchanger and method of making same
WO2005046858A1 (en) * 2003-11-03 2005-05-26 Methanol Casale S.A. High pressure pseudo-isothermal chemical reactor
US10156405B2 (en) 2012-04-05 2018-12-18 Alfa Laval Corporate Ab Plate heat exchanger
US20210381771A1 (en) * 2020-04-23 2021-12-09 Brentwood Industries, Inc. Drift eliminator and method of making

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE7509633L (sv) * 1975-02-07 1976-08-09 Terence Peter Nicholson Anordning vid plattvermevexlare
US4360055A (en) * 1976-09-08 1982-11-23 Modine Manufacturing Company Heat exchanger
SE9202638L (sv) * 1992-09-14 1994-03-15 Rosteam Ab Lamellvärmeväxlare
US7093649B2 (en) * 2004-02-10 2006-08-22 Peter Dawson Flat heat exchanger plate and bulk material heat exchanger using the same
DE102009013033A1 (de) * 2009-03-16 2010-09-23 Matosovic, Alexander, Dipl.-Ing. Plattenwärmetauscher

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1648511A (en) * 1924-08-25 1927-11-08 Solomiac Emile Jean Ernest Air heater
US2267619A (en) * 1937-06-23 1941-12-23 American Heat Reclaiming Corp Method of manufacturing plate heat exchangers
US2601973A (en) * 1949-06-25 1952-07-01 Air Preheater Layered element for heat transfer cores
US2611586A (en) * 1948-01-17 1952-09-23 Joy Mfg Co Heat exchanger
US3211219A (en) * 1964-03-30 1965-10-12 Curt F Rosenblad Flexible plate heat exchangers with variable spacing
US3255816A (en) * 1962-01-02 1966-06-14 Rosenblad Corp Plate type heat exchanger
US3280906A (en) * 1965-07-30 1966-10-25 Rosenblad Corp Flexible plate heat exchanger

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1648511A (en) * 1924-08-25 1927-11-08 Solomiac Emile Jean Ernest Air heater
US2267619A (en) * 1937-06-23 1941-12-23 American Heat Reclaiming Corp Method of manufacturing plate heat exchangers
US2611586A (en) * 1948-01-17 1952-09-23 Joy Mfg Co Heat exchanger
US2601973A (en) * 1949-06-25 1952-07-01 Air Preheater Layered element for heat transfer cores
US3255816A (en) * 1962-01-02 1966-06-14 Rosenblad Corp Plate type heat exchanger
US3211219A (en) * 1964-03-30 1965-10-12 Curt F Rosenblad Flexible plate heat exchangers with variable spacing
US3280906A (en) * 1965-07-30 1966-10-25 Rosenblad Corp Flexible plate heat exchanger

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4041592A (en) * 1976-02-24 1977-08-16 Corning Glass Works Manufacture of multiple flow path body
US4052491A (en) * 1976-06-25 1977-10-04 Research-Cottrell, Inc. Modular gas and liquid contact means
FR2496861A1 (fr) * 1980-12-23 1982-06-25 Creusot Loire Echangeur de chaleur a plaques
US4527622A (en) * 1981-08-06 1985-07-09 Klockner-Humboldt-Deutz Aktiengesellschaft Ring-shaped recuperative heat exchanger
EP0106479A1 (en) * 1982-09-10 1984-04-25 Unipart Group Limited Heat exchanger
FR2538889A1 (fr) * 1983-01-03 1984-07-06 Klein Alb Gmbh Co Kg Echangeur de chaleur a chambres plates ainsi que procede et machine pour la fabrication de cet echangeur
US5000253A (en) * 1988-03-31 1991-03-19 Roy Komarnicki Ventilating heat recovery system
US5893408A (en) * 1995-08-04 1999-04-13 Nautica Dehumidifiers, Inc. Regenerative heat exchanger for dehumidification and air conditioning with variable airflow
US6389696B1 (en) 1999-10-07 2002-05-21 Xcellsis Gmbh Plate heat exchanger and method of making same
WO2005046858A1 (en) * 2003-11-03 2005-05-26 Methanol Casale S.A. High pressure pseudo-isothermal chemical reactor
US20070169923A1 (en) * 2003-11-03 2007-07-26 Methanol Casale S.A. High pressure pseudo-isothermal chemical reactor
US10156405B2 (en) 2012-04-05 2018-12-18 Alfa Laval Corporate Ab Plate heat exchanger
US20210381771A1 (en) * 2020-04-23 2021-12-09 Brentwood Industries, Inc. Drift eliminator and method of making
US11988451B2 (en) * 2020-04-23 2024-05-21 Brentwood Industries, Inc. Drift eliminator and method of making

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES333184A1 (es) 1967-07-16
NL6615742A (et) 1967-05-10
CH451217A (de) 1968-05-15
GB1136297A (en) 1968-12-11
NO117594B (et) 1969-09-01
DE1501489A1 (de) 1970-01-15
BE689448A (et) 1967-04-14

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