US3430020A - Piezoelectric relay - Google Patents
Piezoelectric relay Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3430020A US3430020A US573072A US3430020DA US3430020A US 3430020 A US3430020 A US 3430020A US 573072 A US573072 A US 573072A US 3430020D A US3430020D A US 3430020DA US 3430020 A US3430020 A US 3430020A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- passageway
- vibrator
- relay
- metering
- mercury
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 33
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 33
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 21
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 14
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009740 moulding (composite fabrication) Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004353 relayed correlation spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000153 supplemental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H57/00—Electrostrictive relays; Piezoelectric relays
Definitions
- relays with piezoelectric excitation consists, above all, in the fact that they possess a high electro-mechanical degree of efliciency and that the initial frequency is considerably higher than that of electromagnetic relays. Furthermore, as no electro-magnetic system is necessary for the operation of such a relay, neither an iron core nor a winding is required for the structure, and as the voltage source of a piezoelectric relay is drawn upon only in a capacitive manner only a very small power requirement is necessary for the excitation.
- a bending vibrator preferably of circular conliguration
- a pressure chamber to which a metering tube enclosing a mercury drop is connected
- the contact gap located in the metering tube may be closed by the mercury drop.
- the power-way transformation is effected by means of the mercury located in -the metering tube almost without loss. More important, no lever transmissions are required, so that resulting mechanical losses are substantially elimi- ICC nated. If, in this case, the metering tube selected is appropriately narrow, the mercury drop to be accelerated during excitation of the relay likewise may be relatively small.
- the pressure chamber which encloses the bending vibrator is divided into two cooperative chambers and that metering tube or passageway, provided with the mercury drop, preferably formed by a central bore in the bending vibrator, effects a pressure compensation during excitation of the bending vibrator and therewith the bridging-over of the contact gap.
- the divided pressure chamber is expediently filled with a liquid which is not electrically conductive, for which purpose, for example, alcohol or thin-flowing oil are suitable. Because of the division of the pressure chamber, arranged symmetrically on opposite sides of the vibrator a simple temperature compensation is assured.
- the vibrator during excitation in accordance with the operation effect a bending movement
- the volume of one of the pressure chamber divisions is reduced and the volume of the other pressure chamber division is enlarged. Since the fluid compensation can take place only through the metering passageway (central bore), a mercury drop therein is shifted from one tube end to the other. The result of this movement is, for example, that one pair in the metering passageway is opened while a second contact pair is closed.
- An especially advantageous construction for the prevention of a ow of mercury out of the metering passageway provides spherical bulges in the metering passageway at the contact gaps.
- the surface tension of the mercury is so large that in this case the mercury drop cannot leave the measuring passageway even if the relay is mounted horizontally.
- a further embodiment of the invention is so constructed that the metering passageway with its spherical bulges, includes a separate pressure chamber disposed at both sides of the bending vibra-tor. In this manner, the fluid pressure resulting during an overexcitation is blocked so that the mercury drop cannot leave the metering passageway and thus the contact gap.
- the membranes therefore are constructed as resilient members of plate-like conliguration. Such resilient members also have the effect of energy storage means and gives the relay a snap action characteristic which is effective in the achievement of an acceleration of the switching operation.
- the elements of the relay can be assembled into a unitary construction and such unit encased in suitable material.
- FIG. 1 is a sectional view, taken approximately on a central vertical line of FIG. 2, illustrating an embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken approximately on the line A-B of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 is a sectional view, similar to FIG. l, illustrating a modified construction
- FIG. 4 is a schematic figure illustrating a further modification of the invention.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 schematically illustrate a piezo-electric relay, which comprises a circular bending vibrator member 1 with a central bore therein which serves as a metering passageway 3 for a drop 4 of mercury disposed therein.
- the bending vibrator 1 is enclosed on both sides by a pressure chamber divided into two sections or divisions 2 in which a non-conductive fluid is disposed. Because of this dual arrangement of the pressure chamber symmetrically to the vibrator 1, a large temperature compensation is assured. If the vibrator 1 bends axially during excitation, as indicated in FIG.
- the volume of one chamber is reduced and the volume of the other chamber is enlarged, with the fluid compensation taking place through the metering passageway whereby the mercury drop therein is shifted from the right side to the left side.
- the contact gap Sa/Sb is operatively opened and the contact gap Srl/5b' is operatively closed.
- fine mesh screens 6 are arranged at both ends of the metering passageway which offer a high resistance to the passage ofthe me-rcury.
- an improved relay construction may be employed, such as that illustrated schematically in FIG. 3.
- the metering passageway 3 possesses spherical bulges or enlargements at the contact gaps Sa/Sb and 5a'/5b. These spherical bulges are connected with each other by only a narrow central passageway, as a result of which the mercury drop 4 cannot drop downwardly through such center passageway, even if the relay is horizontally mounted, because the drop always seeks to occupy a spherical form due to its great surface tension.
- Membranes 7a and 7b are additionally provided at the ends of the metering tube to also restrict the uid pressure therebehind during the occurrence of ⁇ an over actuation and excessive exing. As a result, the mercury drop 4 is restricted in the metering passageway and therewith the contact position existing under any circumstances.
- the membranes illustrated in this tigure are constructed as plate-like springs and since they have an energy storage eiect, they have a more or less snap action, which may be epecially advantageous if the excitation alteration, i.e., the pressure alteration involved takes a slow course since in this manner, the switch-over action is necessarily accelerated.
- FIG. 4 a possible form of construction is schematically illustrated, in which letters have been employed as reference characters.
- This embodiment comprises a bending vibrator B and a resilient metal plate M which takes the place of a second bending vibrator which would otherwise be required at this side.
- the insulation means I which may, for example, be produced out of ceramic, serves as the contact carrier.
- the mercury drop Q is disposed in the metering tube in a manner similar to that illustrated in FIG. l, with the mercury drop being retained in the connection branch between the two-section pressure chamber D which is lfilled with fluid.
- the common contact lead is designated by the reference letter K.
- a piezoelectric relay comprising a Ibending vibrator member of a solid piezoelectric material, means ⁇ cooperable with said vibrator member for-ming a pressure chamber at each side of said vibrator member, with the latter forming a dividing wall therebetween, the volumes of which may be altered by excitation of said vibrator member, an elongated metering passageway extending through said member operatively connecting said pressure chambers, a drop mercury disposed in said passageway, contact means disposed in said metering passageway cooperable with said mercury, whereby the latter, in one position in the passageway is operable to connect said contacts, and when in another position in said passageway an inert iiuid disposed in both said chambers operative to transmit pressure changes therein, responsive to alterations in the volumes of said chambers, to said mercury drop for effecting movement of the latter in said passageway.
- a piezoelectric relay according to claim 1 comprising in further combination, a ne mesh screen disposed at each end of said metering passageway, which, for said uid, represents an insignificant mechanical resistance, 1but a large resistance for said mercury drop, to restrict movement of the latter out of the ends of said passageway.
- a piezoelectric relay according to claim 1 wherein the effective cross sectional area of said metering passageway, at the ends thereof, is less than at an intermediate portion of the passageway.
- a piezoelectric relay comprising a bending vibrator, means ⁇ cooperable with said vibrator forming a pressure chamber the volume of which may be altered by excitation of said vibrator, a metering passageway operatively connected with said pressure chamber, a drop of mercury disposed in said passageway, contact means disposed in said metering passageway cooperable with said mercury, whereby the latter, in one position in the passageway is operable to connect said contacts, and when in another position in said passageway is operable to open said contacts, and a fluid disposed in said chamber operative to transmit pressure changes therein, responsive to alterations in the volume of said chamber, to said mercury drop for eiecting movement of the latter in said passageways, said pressure chamber being divided into two sections, between which the bending vibrator is disposed, said metering passageway operatively extending between such sections for effecting a pressure compensation therebetween during excitation of the vibrator, and movement of said mercury drop as a result thereof, means for operatively separating the metering passageway
- a piezoelectric relay according to claim 1 comprising in further combination, a capillary port, formed by an opening in said vibrator, which provides a slow pressure compensation of any static pressure differential between the two pressure chambers.
- a piezoelectric relay according to claim 1 wherein the construction components of the relay are assembled into a unitary structure, and a mass of sealing material in which said structure is encased, for promoting an improvement in temperature compensation and anchorage of the connections to said relay contacts.
- a piezoelectric relay comprising a bending vibrator, means cooperable with said vibrator forming a pressure chamber the volume of which may be ⁇ altered by excitation of said vibrator metering passageway operatively connected with said pressure chamber, a drop of mercury disposed in said passageway, contact means disposed in said metering passageway cooperable with said mercur-y, whereby the latter, in one position in the passageway is operable to connect said contacts, and when in another position in said passageway is operable to open said contacts, and a fluid disposed in said chamber operative to transmit pressure ⁇ changes therein, responsive to alterations in the volume of said chamber to said mercury drop for eiecting movement of the latter in said passageways said pressure chamber being divided into two sections, between which the bending vibrator is disposed, said metering passageways operatively extending between such sections for effecting a pressure compensation therebetween during excitaiton of the vibrator, and movement of said mercury drop as a result thereof, the interior of said metering passageway
Landscapes
- Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
- Steps, Ramps, And Handrails (AREA)
- Testing Resistance To Weather, Investigating Materials By Mechanical Methods (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DES98948A DE1298185B (de) | 1965-08-20 | 1965-08-20 | Piezoelektrisches Relais |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3430020A true US3430020A (en) | 1969-02-25 |
Family
ID=7521859
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US573072A Expired - Lifetime US3430020A (en) | 1965-08-20 | 1966-08-17 | Piezoelectric relay |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3430020A (zh) |
JP (1) | JPS451495B1 (zh) |
AT (1) | AT267658B (zh) |
BE (1) | BE685716A (zh) |
CH (1) | CH460954A (zh) |
DE (1) | DE1298185B (zh) |
DK (1) | DK113790B (zh) |
ES (1) | ES328755A1 (zh) |
FR (1) | FR1490108A (zh) |
GB (1) | GB1143822A (zh) |
NL (1) | NL6610239A (zh) |
NO (1) | NO118283B (zh) |
SE (1) | SE303810B (zh) |
Cited By (73)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3585410A (en) * | 1969-01-22 | 1971-06-15 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Master-slave j-k flip-flop |
FR2402292A1 (fr) * | 1977-09-06 | 1979-03-30 | Mo Inzh Fizichesky | Dispositif de commutation de circuits electriques |
US4422001A (en) * | 1981-06-05 | 1983-12-20 | Gerhart Weiss | Crystal vibrator actuated relay |
US20030080650A1 (en) * | 2001-10-31 | 2003-05-01 | Wong Marvin Glenn | Longitudinal piezoelectric optical latching relay |
US20030189773A1 (en) * | 2002-03-28 | 2003-10-09 | Wong Marvin Glenn | Piezoelectric optical relay |
US20030194170A1 (en) * | 2002-04-10 | 2003-10-16 | Wong Marvin Glenn | Piezoelectric optical demultiplexing switch |
US20030207102A1 (en) * | 2002-05-02 | 2003-11-06 | Arthur Fong | Solid slug longitudinal piezoelectric latching relay |
US20030205950A1 (en) * | 2002-05-02 | 2003-11-06 | Wong Marvin Glenn | Piezoelectrically actuated liquid metal switch |
US20040066259A1 (en) * | 2002-10-08 | 2004-04-08 | Dove Lewis R. | Electrically isolated liquid metal micro-switches for integrally shielded microcircuits |
US6730866B1 (en) | 2003-04-14 | 2004-05-04 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | High-frequency, liquid metal, latching relay array |
US6740829B1 (en) | 2003-04-14 | 2004-05-25 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Insertion-type liquid metal latching relay |
US6743990B1 (en) | 2002-12-12 | 2004-06-01 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Volume adjustment apparatus and method for use |
US6747222B1 (en) | 2003-02-04 | 2004-06-08 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Feature formation in a nonphotoimagable material and switch incorporating same |
US6750413B1 (en) | 2003-04-25 | 2004-06-15 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Liquid metal micro switches using patterned thick film dielectric as channels and a thin ceramic or glass cover plate |
US20040112729A1 (en) * | 2002-12-12 | 2004-06-17 | Wong Marvin Glenn | Switch and method for producing the same |
US20040112728A1 (en) * | 2002-12-12 | 2004-06-17 | Wong Marvin Glenn | Ceramic channel plate for a switch |
US20040112727A1 (en) * | 2002-12-12 | 2004-06-17 | Wong Marvin Glenn | Laser cut channel plate for a switch |
US20040112726A1 (en) * | 2002-12-12 | 2004-06-17 | Wong Marvin Glenn | Ultrasonically milled channel plate for a switch |
US6756551B2 (en) | 2002-05-09 | 2004-06-29 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Piezoelectrically actuated liquid metal switch |
US6759610B1 (en) | 2003-06-05 | 2004-07-06 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Multi-layer assembly of stacked LIMMS devices with liquid metal vias |
US6759611B1 (en) | 2003-06-16 | 2004-07-06 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Fluid-based switches and methods for producing the same |
US6762378B1 (en) | 2003-04-14 | 2004-07-13 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Liquid metal, latching relay with face contact |
US6765161B1 (en) | 2003-04-14 | 2004-07-20 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Method and structure for a slug caterpillar piezoelectric latching reflective optical relay |
US20040140187A1 (en) * | 2003-01-22 | 2004-07-22 | Wong Marvin Glenn | Method for registering a deposited material with channel plate channels, and switch produced using same |
US6768068B1 (en) | 2003-04-14 | 2004-07-27 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Method and structure for a slug pusher-mode piezoelectrically actuated liquid metal switch |
US20040144632A1 (en) * | 2003-01-13 | 2004-07-29 | Wong Marvin Glenn | Photoimaged channel plate for a switch |
US6770827B1 (en) | 2003-04-14 | 2004-08-03 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Electrical isolation of fluid-based switches |
US6774324B2 (en) | 2002-12-12 | 2004-08-10 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Switch and production thereof |
US6774325B1 (en) | 2003-04-14 | 2004-08-10 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Reducing oxides on a switching fluid in a fluid-based switch |
US6777630B1 (en) | 2003-04-30 | 2004-08-17 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Liquid metal micro switches using as channels and heater cavities matching patterned thick film dielectric layers on opposing thin ceramic plates |
US6781074B1 (en) | 2003-07-30 | 2004-08-24 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Preventing corrosion degradation in a fluid-based switch |
US6787720B1 (en) | 2003-07-31 | 2004-09-07 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Gettering agent and method to prevent corrosion in a fluid switch |
US6794591B1 (en) | 2003-04-14 | 2004-09-21 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Fluid-based switches |
US6798937B1 (en) | 2003-04-14 | 2004-09-28 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Pressure actuated solid slug optical latching relay |
US20040188234A1 (en) * | 2003-03-31 | 2004-09-30 | Dove Lewis R. | Hermetic seal and controlled impedance rf connections for a liquid metal micro switch |
US20040200707A1 (en) * | 2003-04-14 | 2004-10-14 | Wong Marvin Glenn | Bent switching fluid cavity |
US20040202410A1 (en) * | 2003-04-14 | 2004-10-14 | Wong Marvin Glenn | Longitudinal electromagnetic latching optical relay |
US20040201313A1 (en) * | 2003-04-14 | 2004-10-14 | Wong Marvin Glenn | High-frequency, liquid metal, latching relay with face contact |
US20040201906A1 (en) * | 2003-04-14 | 2004-10-14 | Wong Marvin Glenn | Longitudinal mode solid slug optical latching relay |
US20040202558A1 (en) * | 2003-04-14 | 2004-10-14 | Arthur Fong | Closed-loop piezoelectric pump |
US20040202844A1 (en) * | 2003-04-14 | 2004-10-14 | Wong Marvin Glenn | Feature formation in thick-film inks |
US20040201319A1 (en) * | 2003-04-14 | 2004-10-14 | Wong Marvin Glenn | High frequency push-mode latching relay |
US20040201314A1 (en) * | 2003-04-14 | 2004-10-14 | Wong Marvin Glenn | Wetting finger latching piezoelectric relay |
US20040201316A1 (en) * | 2003-04-14 | 2004-10-14 | Arthur Fong | Method and structure for a solid slug caterpillar piezoelectric relay |
US20040201311A1 (en) * | 2003-04-14 | 2004-10-14 | Wong Marvin Glenn | High frequency bending-mode latching relay |
US20040202413A1 (en) * | 2003-04-14 | 2004-10-14 | Wong Marvin Glenn | Method and structure for a solid slug caterpillar piezoelectric optical relay |
US20040201309A1 (en) * | 2003-04-14 | 2004-10-14 | Wong Marvin Glenn | Insertion-type liquid metal latching relay array |
US20040200703A1 (en) * | 2003-04-14 | 2004-10-14 | Wong Marvin Glenn | Bending mode liquid metal switch |
US20040201320A1 (en) * | 2003-04-14 | 2004-10-14 | Carson Paul Thomas | Inserting-finger liquid metal relay |
US20040201323A1 (en) * | 2003-04-14 | 2004-10-14 | Wong Marvin Glenn | Shear mode liquid metal switch |
US20040200704A1 (en) * | 2003-04-14 | 2004-10-14 | Arthur Fong | Fluid-based switch |
US20040201322A1 (en) * | 2003-04-14 | 2004-10-14 | Wong Marvin Glenn | Longitudinal mode optical latching relay |
US20040202414A1 (en) * | 2003-04-14 | 2004-10-14 | Wong Marvin Glenn | Reflecting wedge optical wavelength multiplexer/demultiplexer |
US20040201312A1 (en) * | 2003-04-14 | 2004-10-14 | Arthur Fong | Method and structure for a slug assisted longitudinal piezoelectrically actuated liquid metal optical switch |
US20040201310A1 (en) * | 2003-04-14 | 2004-10-14 | Wong Marvin Glenn | Damped longitudinal mode optical latching relay |
US20040200705A1 (en) * | 2003-04-14 | 2004-10-14 | Wong Marvin Glenn | Formation of signal paths to increase maximum signal-carrying frequency of a fluid-based switch |
US20040201907A1 (en) * | 2003-04-14 | 2004-10-14 | Wong Marvin Glenn | Liquid metal optical relay |
US20040201321A1 (en) * | 2003-04-14 | 2004-10-14 | Wong Marvin Glenn | High frequency latching relay with bending switch bar |
US20040202411A1 (en) * | 2003-04-14 | 2004-10-14 | Wong Marvin Glenn | Method and structure for a pusher-mode piezoelectrically actuated liquid metal optical switch |
US20040202408A1 (en) * | 2003-04-14 | 2004-10-14 | Wong Marvin Glenn | Pressure actuated optical latching relay |
US20040200706A1 (en) * | 2003-04-14 | 2004-10-14 | Dove Lewis R. | Substrate with liquid electrode |
US20040201317A1 (en) * | 2003-04-14 | 2004-10-14 | Wong Marvin Glenn | Method and structure for a pusher-mode piezoelectrically actuated liquid switch metal switch |
US20040202404A1 (en) * | 2003-04-14 | 2004-10-14 | Wong Marvin Glenn | Polymeric liquid metal optical switch |
US20040201330A1 (en) * | 2003-04-14 | 2004-10-14 | Arthur Fong | Method and apparatus for maintaining a liquid metal switch in a ready-to-switch condition |
US20040201318A1 (en) * | 2003-04-14 | 2004-10-14 | Wong Marvin Glen | Latching relay with switch bar |
US20040200708A1 (en) * | 2003-04-14 | 2004-10-14 | Wong Marvin Glenn | Method and structure for a slug assisted pusher-mode piezoelectrically actuated liquid metal optical switch |
US20040201440A1 (en) * | 2003-04-14 | 2004-10-14 | Arthur Fong | Longitudinal electromagnetic latching relay |
US20040201329A1 (en) * | 2003-04-14 | 2004-10-14 | Wong Marvin Glenn | Damped longitudinal mode latching relay |
US20040200702A1 (en) * | 2003-04-14 | 2004-10-14 | Arthur Fong | Push-mode latching relay |
US20040201315A1 (en) * | 2003-04-14 | 2004-10-14 | Wong Marvin Glenn | Bending-mode latching relay |
US20040251117A1 (en) * | 2003-06-16 | 2004-12-16 | Wong Marvin Glenn | Suspended thin-film resistor |
US20050034962A1 (en) * | 2003-04-14 | 2005-02-17 | Wong Marvin Glenn | Reducing oxides on a switching fluid in a fluid-based switch |
US20050263379A1 (en) * | 2003-04-14 | 2005-12-01 | John Ralph Lindsey | Reduction of oxides in a fluid-based switch |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2418539A1 (fr) * | 1978-02-24 | 1979-09-21 | Orega Circuits & Commutation | Commutateur a contact liquide |
US4553061A (en) * | 1984-06-11 | 1985-11-12 | General Electric Company | Piezoelectric bimorph driven direct current latching relay |
US4538087A (en) * | 1984-06-11 | 1985-08-27 | General Electric Company | Alternating current driven piezoelectric latching relay and method of operation |
JP2005139901A (ja) * | 2001-11-19 | 2005-06-02 | Ngk Insulators Ltd | 回路切換えスイッチ |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2203332A (en) * | 1938-09-09 | 1940-06-04 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Piezoelectric device |
US2851618A (en) * | 1954-06-03 | 1958-09-09 | Guenther H Krawinkel | Electrostatic devices |
US2883486A (en) * | 1954-03-09 | 1959-04-21 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Piezoelectric switching device |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE740524C (de) * | 1942-04-01 | 1943-10-22 | Studiengesellschaft Fuer Hochl | Installationsschalter mit einem Quecksilber enthaltenden Schaltkoerper |
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0
- GB GB1143822D patent/GB1143822A/en active Active
-
1965
- 1965-08-20 DE DES98948A patent/DE1298185B/de active Pending
-
1966
- 1966-07-06 ES ES0328755A patent/ES328755A1/es not_active Expired
- 1966-07-20 NL NL6610239A patent/NL6610239A/xx unknown
- 1966-08-09 NO NO164236A patent/NO118283B/no unknown
- 1966-08-09 AT AT763566A patent/AT267658B/de active
- 1966-08-17 US US573072A patent/US3430020A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1966-08-18 DK DK423666AA patent/DK113790B/da unknown
- 1966-08-19 CH CH1201866A patent/CH460954A/de unknown
- 1966-08-19 SE SE11252/66A patent/SE303810B/xx unknown
- 1966-08-19 FR FR73629A patent/FR1490108A/fr not_active Expired
- 1966-08-19 BE BE685716D patent/BE685716A/xx unknown
- 1966-08-20 JP JP5449266A patent/JPS451495B1/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2203332A (en) * | 1938-09-09 | 1940-06-04 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Piezoelectric device |
US2883486A (en) * | 1954-03-09 | 1959-04-21 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Piezoelectric switching device |
US2851618A (en) * | 1954-06-03 | 1958-09-09 | Guenther H Krawinkel | Electrostatic devices |
Cited By (132)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3585410A (en) * | 1969-01-22 | 1971-06-15 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Master-slave j-k flip-flop |
FR2402292A1 (fr) * | 1977-09-06 | 1979-03-30 | Mo Inzh Fizichesky | Dispositif de commutation de circuits electriques |
US4422001A (en) * | 1981-06-05 | 1983-12-20 | Gerhart Weiss | Crystal vibrator actuated relay |
US20030080650A1 (en) * | 2001-10-31 | 2003-05-01 | Wong Marvin Glenn | Longitudinal piezoelectric optical latching relay |
US7078849B2 (en) | 2001-10-31 | 2006-07-18 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Longitudinal piezoelectric optical latching relay |
US6741767B2 (en) | 2002-03-28 | 2004-05-25 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Piezoelectric optical relay |
US20030189773A1 (en) * | 2002-03-28 | 2003-10-09 | Wong Marvin Glenn | Piezoelectric optical relay |
US20030194170A1 (en) * | 2002-04-10 | 2003-10-16 | Wong Marvin Glenn | Piezoelectric optical demultiplexing switch |
US20030207102A1 (en) * | 2002-05-02 | 2003-11-06 | Arthur Fong | Solid slug longitudinal piezoelectric latching relay |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB1143822A (zh) | |
SE303810B (zh) | 1968-09-09 |
NO118283B (zh) | 1969-12-08 |
ES328755A1 (es) | 1967-04-16 |
JPS451495B1 (zh) | 1970-01-19 |
CH460954A (de) | 1968-08-15 |
DK113790B (da) | 1969-04-28 |
AT267658B (de) | 1969-01-10 |
NL6610239A (zh) | 1967-02-21 |
BE685716A (zh) | 1967-02-20 |
FR1490108A (fr) | 1967-07-28 |
DE1298185B (de) | 1969-06-26 |
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