US3425928A - Anolyte liquid level control for chlor-alkali diaphragm cells - Google Patents

Anolyte liquid level control for chlor-alkali diaphragm cells Download PDF

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US3425928A
US3425928A US510179A US3425928DA US3425928A US 3425928 A US3425928 A US 3425928A US 510179 A US510179 A US 510179A US 3425928D A US3425928D A US 3425928DA US 3425928 A US3425928 A US 3425928A
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anolyte
liquid level
tube
chlor
cell
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US510179A
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Alvin T Emery
Charles W Schmidtke
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Occidental Chemical Corp
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Hooker Chemical Corp
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Assigned to OCCIDENTAL CHEMICAL CORPORATION reassignment OCCIDENTAL CHEMICAL CORPORATION CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). EFFECTIVE APRIL 1, 1982. Assignors: HOOKER CHEMICALS & PLASTICS CORP.
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/34—Simultaneous production of alkali metal hydroxides and chlorine, oxyacids or salts of chlorine, e.g. by chlor-alkali electrolysis
    • C25B1/46—Simultaneous production of alkali metal hydroxides and chlorine, oxyacids or salts of chlorine, e.g. by chlor-alkali electrolysis in diaphragm cells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
    • C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
    • C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8158—With indicator, register, recorder, alarm or inspection means
    • Y10T137/8359—Inspection means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593—Systems
    • Y10T137/86236—Tank with movable or adjustable outlet or overflow pipe
    • Y10T137/8626—Swinging outlet pipe or spout

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an anolyte liquid level control device for Chlor-alkali cells and more particularly to an apparatus for the withdrawal of anolyte solution from a chlor-alkali diaphragm cell while maintaining a predetermined liquid level within the anolyte compartment.
  • an anolyte liquor withdrawal means for a Chlor-alkali diaphragm cell comprising a passageway for liquids such as a tube, said passageway having an inlet means and an outlet means for liquids, said inlet means being positioned within the anolyte compartment of said cell and said outlet means being positioned external to the anolyte compartment of said cell, thereby providing for the removal of anolyte liquor from said anolyte compartment.
  • the described passageway is a curved tube or pipe capable of being moved, as by rotation, so as to raise and lower the inlet means within the anolyte compartment thereby regulating the anolyte liquid level.
  • FIG. 1 is a partial sectional view ot' a chlor-alkali diaphragm cell showing the apparatus of the present invention located on the sidewall of the cell;
  • FIG. 2 is a side elevational view of said apparatus.
  • the apparatus of the present invention is preferably mounted on a cell top 10 of a chlor-alkali cell :in a position such that passageway tube 12 extends into the anolyte compartment 14 of said chlor-alkali cell.
  • Tube 12 has liquid inlet means 16 and outlet means 18, the inlet means 16 regulating the anolyte liquid level 20 within the anolyte compartment 14 by withdrawal of liquid through tube 12 and 4the discharging of it from the cell through outlet means 18.
  • the chlor-alkali cell has brine feed means 22 and chlorine withdrawal means 24 in communication with anolyte compartment 14.
  • brine is fed through brine feed means 22 into anolyte compartment 14 from whence it passes into the catholyte compartment 26 by passing through diaphragm 28.
  • Cell liquor brine containing sodium hydroxide
  • the brine feed rate is greater than the rate at which the brine passes from the anolyte compartment 14 through the diaphragm 28 into the catholyte compartment 26. This excess brine is Withdrawn from the anolyte compartment 14 by means of tube 12.
  • Tube 12 preferably has a bend or curvature therein equal to an arc of about 10 -to 90 degrees.
  • the curved configuration provides clearance for rotation of the tube about an axis passing through the center of cell wall hole 30 Without causing tube 12 to strike the walls of the anolyte compartment.
  • tube 12 can be rotated in a plane within the anolyte compartment, degrees and more from the vertical.
  • the anolyte liquid level 20 can be raised to Within about -a halfinch for so of the top of the anolyte compartment of the chloralkali cell and lowered to the level of cell wall hole 30.
  • Such a change in anolyte liquid level 20 changes the hydrostatic pressure within the cell and effects the flow of liquid through diaphragm 28.
  • the How of anolyte liquor through the diaphragm 28 can be regulated by changing anolyte liquid level 20.
  • a higher liquid level 20 increases the hydrostatic pressure and, as such, increases the flow rate through the diaphragm
  • Tube 12 is of a diameter suicient to withdraw anolyte liquor at a rate approaching that lat which brine is fed to the anolyte compartment. Since the brine is often fed to the anolyte compartment under pressure, and whereas the flow through tube 12 is primarily by means of gravity, the diameter of tube 12 is preferably about equal to or larger than brine feed means 22. Normally, tube 12 has an inside cross-sectional area equal to about l to 5 times the inside cross-sectional area of brine feed means 22. The preferred tube diameter use is preferably large enough to also vent gases throug'h the tube while withdrawing liquid anolyte.
  • Tube 12 may be constructed of any material substantially inert to the conditions existing within the cell. Such conditions include operating temperatures within the range of about 90 to 110 degrees centigrade while submerged in a concentrated salt (NaCl) solution saturated with chlorine.
  • such material of construction is preferably capable of withstanding chlorine attack at a pH in the range of about l to 7.
  • materials are preferably electrically nonconductive to avoid loss of electrical current. It has been found, that various synther tic polymers such as polyvinylidene chloride, after chlorinated polyvinyl chloride, chlorinated polyesters, chlorinated rubbers, and the like materials can be used. Glass and ceramic and various metals such as tantalum, titanium and the like can also be used as the passageway material.
  • sight glass 31 which -shows the anolyte level.
  • handle 32 is provided on stem 34 of tube 12 to aid in rotating the tube when adjusting liquid level 20.
  • Outlet means 18 of tube 12 passes withdrawn anolyte liquor to wtihdrawal pipe 36.
  • Withdrawal pipe 36 has sight glass 38 through which observations of the liquor being withdrawn from the anolyte compartment 14 and the ow rate thereof can be made.
  • a Chlor-alkali diaphragm cell comprising an anolyte compartment separated from a catholyte compartment by a porous diaphragm, said anolyte compartment comprising an anode, brine feed means and chlorine gas withdrawal means
  • an anolyte liquor withdrawal means comprising a passageway for t'he passage of anolyte having an inlet means capable of being raised and lowered to change the liquid level within the anolyte compartment of said cell and an outlet means positioned external to the anolyte compartment of said cell thereby providing for the removal of anolyte liquor from said anolyte compartment.
  • the passageway for liquids is a tube having a curvature therein equal to an arc of about 10 to 90 degrees, said curved tube having means for the rotation thereof in said anolyte compartment within a plane having an angle of up to about degrees from the vertical, thereby raising and lowering the inlet means of said tube within said anolyte compartrnent.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Description

A. T. EMERY ET AL Feb. 4, 1969 ANOLYTE LIQUID LEVEL CONTROL FOR CHLOR-ALKALI DIAPHRAGM CELLS Filed Nov. 29, 1965 United States Patent O 3,425,928 ANOLYTE LIQUID LEVEL CONTROL FOR CHLOR-ALKALI DIAPHRAGM CELLS Alvin T. Emery, North Tonawanda, and Charles W. Schmidtke, Niagara Falls, N.Y., assignors to Hooker Chemical Corporation, Niagara Falls, N.Y., a corporation of New York Filed Nov. 29, 1965, Ser. No. 510,179 U.S. Cl. 204-263 Int. Cl. B01k 3/00 5 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE This invention relates to an anolyte liquid level control device for Chlor-alkali cells and more particularly to an apparatus for the withdrawal of anolyte solution from a chlor-alkali diaphragm cell while maintaining a predetermined liquid level within the anolyte compartment.
It has recently been found to be desirable to operate a Chlor-alkali diaphragm cell utilizing an anolyte recirculation method wherein brine feed .solution is fed to the anolyte -compartment of a Chlor-alkali cell at a rate greater than that at which the feed solution flows through the diaphragm into the catholyte compartment. In the operation of the anolyte recirculation method, it is yalso desirable to maintain a certain liquid level within the Ianolyte compartment which level provides a hydrostatic head which brings pressure to bear upon the diaphragm thereby forcing liquid through the diaphragm. It is further desirable to be able to change the hydrostatic head within the anolyte compartment to provide for changes in operating procedures, thereby regulating the ow rate of anolyte liquor through the diap'hragm into the catholyte compartment.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus for the withdrawal of excess brine feed solution from an anolyte compantment of a Chlor-alkali cell diaphragm cell. Another object of the present invention is to provide `an apparatus for the control of the liquid level within an anolyte compartment of such cells. These and other object-s will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the description of the invention which follows.
In accordance with the invention there is provided an anolyte liquor withdrawal means for a Chlor-alkali diaphragm cell comprising a passageway for liquids such as a tube, said passageway having an inlet means and an outlet means for liquids, said inlet means being positioned within the anolyte compartment of said cell and said outlet means being positioned external to the anolyte compartment of said cell, thereby providing for the removal of anolyte liquor from said anolyte compartment. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the described passageway is a curved tube or pipe capable of being moved, as by rotation, so as to raise and lower the inlet means within the anolyte compartment thereby regulating the anolyte liquid level.
The invention will be more readily described by reference to the drawings in which;
FIG. 1 is a partial sectional view ot' a chlor-alkali diaphragm cell showing the apparatus of the present invention located on the sidewall of the cell; and
3,425,928 Patented Feb. 4, 1969 ICC FIG. 2 is a side elevational view of said apparatus.
The apparatus of the present invention is preferably mounted on a cell top 10 of a chlor-alkali cell :in a position such that passageway tube 12 extends into the anolyte compartment 14 of said chlor-alkali cell. Tube 12 has liquid inlet means 16 and outlet means 18, the inlet means 16 regulating the anolyte liquid level 20 within the anolyte compartment 14 by withdrawal of liquid through tube 12 and 4the discharging of it from the cell through outlet means 18. The chlor-alkali cell has brine feed means 22 and chlorine withdrawal means 24 in communication with anolyte compartment 14. In the operation of the cell, brine is fed through brine feed means 22 into anolyte compartment 14 from whence it passes into the catholyte compartment 26 by passing through diaphragm 28. Cell liquor, brine containing sodium hydroxide, is withdrawn from the catholyte compartment by means of overflow pipe 25. In the operation of the anolyte recirculation method, the brine feed rate is greater than the rate at which the brine passes from the anolyte compartment 14 through the diaphragm 28 into the catholyte compartment 26. This excess brine is Withdrawn from the anolyte compartment 14 by means of tube 12.
Tube 12 preferably has a bend or curvature therein equal to an arc of about 10 -to 90 degrees. The curved configuration provides clearance for rotation of the tube about an axis passing through the center of cell wall hole 30 Without causing tube 12 to strike the walls of the anolyte compartment. In this preferred embodiment, tube 12 can be rotated in a plane within the anolyte compartment, degrees and more from the vertical. Thus, the anolyte liquid level 20 can be raised to Within about -a halfinch for so of the top of the anolyte compartment of the chloralkali cell and lowered to the level of cell wall hole 30. Such a change in anolyte liquid level 20 changes the hydrostatic pressure within the cell and effects the flow of liquid through diaphragm 28. Thus the How of anolyte liquor through the diaphragm 28 can be regulated by changing anolyte liquid level 20. A higher liquid level 20 increases the hydrostatic pressure and, as such, increases the flow rate through the diaphragm.
Tube 12 is of a diameter suicient to withdraw anolyte liquor at a rate approaching that lat which brine is fed to the anolyte compartment. Since the brine is often fed to the anolyte compartment under pressure, and whereas the flow through tube 12 is primarily by means of gravity, the diameter of tube 12 is preferably about equal to or larger than brine feed means 22. Normally, tube 12 has an inside cross-sectional area equal to about l to 5 times the inside cross-sectional area of brine feed means 22. The preferred tube diameter use is preferably large enough to also vent gases throug'h the tube while withdrawing liquid anolyte.
Tube 12 may be constructed of any material substantially inert to the conditions existing within the cell. Such conditions include operating temperatures within the range of about 90 to 110 degrees centigrade while submerged in a concentrated salt (NaCl) solution saturated with chlorine. In addition, such material of construction is preferably capable of withstanding chlorine attack at a pH in the range of about l to 7. Also, such materials are preferably electrically nonconductive to avoid loss of electrical current. It has been found, that various synther tic polymers such as polyvinylidene chloride, after chlorinated polyvinyl chloride, chlorinated polyesters, chlorinated rubbers, and the like materials can be used. Glass and ceramic and various metals such as tantalum, titanium and the like can also be used as the passageway material.
As an aid to adjusting the liquid level 20 within the cell, there is preferably provided sight glass 31 which -shows the anolyte level. Also, handle 32 is provided on stem 34 of tube 12 to aid in rotating the tube when adjusting liquid level 20.
Outlet means 18 of tube 12, passes withdrawn anolyte liquor to wtihdrawal pipe 36. Withdrawal pipe 36 has sight glass 38 through which observations of the liquor being withdrawn from the anolyte compartment 14 and the ow rate thereof can be made.
As will be readily recognized by those skilled in the art, various modifications of the present apparatus can be made without departing from the spirit thereof. The particular shape and design of the tube can be changed to meet the particular shape and design of the tube can be changed to meet the particular cell requirements and to provide for various methods of changing the liquid level other than by rotating the tube. One such method which is readily apparent from the present disclosure is to provide means for the partial withdrawal of the tube from the anolyte compartment thereby lowering or raising the anolyte level as desired.
While there have been described various embodiments of the present invention, the apparatus described is not intended to be understood as limiting the scope of the invention, as it is realized that changes therein are possible. It is further intended that each element recited in any of t'he following claims is to be understood as referring to all equivalent elements for accomplishing substantially the same results in substantially the same or equivalent manner. It is intended to cover the invention broadly in whatever form its principles may be utilized.
What is claimed is:
1. In a Chlor-alkali diaphragm cell comprising an anolyte compartment separated from a catholyte compartment by a porous diaphragm, said anolyte compartment comprising an anode, brine feed means and chlorine gas withdrawal means, the improvement which is an anolyte liquor withdrawal means comprising a passageway for t'he passage of anolyte having an inlet means capable of being raised and lowered to change the liquid level within the anolyte compartment of said cell and an outlet means positioned external to the anolyte compartment of said cell thereby providing for the removal of anolyte liquor from said anolyte compartment.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein a sight glass means is positioned on said outlet means for the observation of liquid ilow.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the passageway for liquids is a tube having a curvature therein equal to an arc of about 10 to 90 degrees, said curved tube having means for the rotation thereof in said anolyte compartment within a plane having an angle of up to about degrees from the vertical, thereby raising and lowering the inlet means of said tube within said anolyte compartrnent.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said passageway for liquids has gaseous Venting means associated therewith.
5. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein said passageway for liquids is of sufficient capacity to provide for the venting of gases while withdrawing said anolyte liquor.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,884,855 10/1932 Pryce 137-247.51 1,930,618 10/1933 Jones et al. 137-579 XR 2,460,159 1/1949 White 137-579 XR 2,867,213 1/1959 Thomas 137-559 XR 3,301,310 1/1967 Sperber et al. 137-579 XR 1,558,085 10/1925 Giordani et al. 204-266 HENRY T. KLINKSIEK, Primary Examiner.
U.S. Cl. X.R.
ggsgg UNTTED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE 0F CGRRECTION Dated February l4, 1969 Patent No. 3,l+25,928
Invent0r(s) Alvin T. Emery and Charles w. Schmidtke It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:
Coumn 3, line 12, delete "to meet the parti cuar shape and desi gn of the tube can be changed to meet the particular ce1 l requirements", and insert to meet the particular ce1] requ'l rements (SEAL) Attest:
mma M. mecha. In
Imm E.' SGBUYnm. JR. mug 0mm @missionnor reuma
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3941147A (en) * 1973-10-05 1976-03-02 Miele & Cie Level control for surface treatment baths
US4469554A (en) * 1983-04-05 1984-09-04 At&T Bell Laboratories Etch procedure for optical fibers

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1558085A (en) * 1922-10-18 1925-10-20 Giordani Francesco Circulation electrolyzer for alkaline chlorides
US1884855A (en) * 1931-09-21 1932-10-25 Pryce Matthew Byrne Transparent trap
US1930618A (en) * 1930-08-13 1933-10-17 Caradoc R Jones Liquid measuring device
US2460159A (en) * 1945-04-19 1949-01-25 Southern Steel Co Vapor outlet for truck tanks
US2867213A (en) * 1957-06-12 1959-01-06 Jr Paul A Thomas Flutter valve for drainage of the pleural cavity
US3301310A (en) * 1965-01-14 1967-01-31 Sperber Henry Fuel system

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1558085A (en) * 1922-10-18 1925-10-20 Giordani Francesco Circulation electrolyzer for alkaline chlorides
US1930618A (en) * 1930-08-13 1933-10-17 Caradoc R Jones Liquid measuring device
US1884855A (en) * 1931-09-21 1932-10-25 Pryce Matthew Byrne Transparent trap
US2460159A (en) * 1945-04-19 1949-01-25 Southern Steel Co Vapor outlet for truck tanks
US2867213A (en) * 1957-06-12 1959-01-06 Jr Paul A Thomas Flutter valve for drainage of the pleural cavity
US3301310A (en) * 1965-01-14 1967-01-31 Sperber Henry Fuel system

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3941147A (en) * 1973-10-05 1976-03-02 Miele & Cie Level control for surface treatment baths
US4469554A (en) * 1983-04-05 1984-09-04 At&T Bell Laboratories Etch procedure for optical fibers

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