US3425208A - Method for producing textured yarns of cellulosic fibres - Google Patents

Method for producing textured yarns of cellulosic fibres Download PDF

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Publication number
US3425208A
US3425208A US320030A US3425208DA US3425208A US 3425208 A US3425208 A US 3425208A US 320030 A US320030 A US 320030A US 3425208D A US3425208D A US 3425208DA US 3425208 A US3425208 A US 3425208A
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yarn
fibres
monoethers
mixture
cross
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Fred Boswell Shippee
Guy Emmanuel Perkins
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Leesona Corp
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Leesona Corp
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Assigned to JOHN BROWN INDUSTRIES LTD., A CORP. OF DE. reassignment JOHN BROWN INDUSTRIES LTD., A CORP. OF DE. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: LEESONA CORPORATION; 333 STRAWBERRY FIELD RD., WARWICK, RI. A CORP. OF MA.
Assigned to LEESONA CORPORATION reassignment LEESONA CORPORATION CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). EFFECTIVE DATE 3-31-81 STATE OF DELAWARE Assignors: JOHN BROWN INDUSTRIES LTD.
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
    • D02G1/02—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by twisting, fixing the twist and backtwisting, i.e. by imparting false twist
    • D02G1/0286—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by twisting, fixing the twist and backtwisting, i.e. by imparting false twist characterised by the use of certain filaments, fibres or yarns
    • D02G1/0293—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by twisting, fixing the twist and backtwisting, i.e. by imparting false twist characterised by the use of certain filaments, fibres or yarns composed, at least in part, of natural fibres

Definitions

  • This invention relates to methods for producing socalled textured yarns such as stretch, bulk, crim-ped, lively and fluffed yarns, from yarns of cellulosic fibres such as cotton, rayon, linen and the like.
  • the invention also relates to novel compositions useful in the production of such textured yarns.
  • textured yarns of the type set. forth have been manufactured commercially in substantial quantities from heat-settable thermoplastic yarns such as nylon, Dacron, Orlon and like yarns, by heating the thermoplastic yarn to plasticize the same, distorting or deforming the yarn while plasticized, for example, by twisting, to reorient the molecules of the yarn and then cooling the yarn while distorted or deformed to stabilize the yarn and cause the reoriented molecules of the yarn to be permanently set in the distorted or deformed configuration of the yarn.
  • heat-settable thermoplastic yarns such as nylon, Dacron, Orlon and like yarns
  • the principal object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing textured yarns of cellulosic fibres which overcomes the aforesaid difliculties and makes possible the commercial manufacture of textured yarns of cellulosic fibres.
  • cellulosic fibres of yarns such as cotton, linen and the like are impregnated with a mixture of monohydroxy oxyethylene oxy 1,2-propylene aliphatic monoethers and with a catalyzed heatreactive cross-linking agent.
  • the fibres can be impregnated simultaneously with the mixture of monoethers and the cross-linking agent, as from a common bath containing both materials, 'or the fibres may be impregnated with the mixture of monoethers independently of the crosslinking agent.
  • the final impregnated yarn is mechanically manipulated, for example by twisting or otherwise, to distort or deform the impregnated fibres to the desired configuration and, while the fibres are thus distored or deformed, the yarn is heated to a predetermined temperature to effect chemical reaction between the cellulose fibres and the cross-linking agent.
  • FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view transversely through apparatus especially adapted for practicing the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a front elevational view of the portion of the apparatus disclosed in FIG. 1.
  • the apparatus shown may be used to practice the method of the present invention.
  • the yarn 1 is drawn laterally from a package P, supported in an overhead creel c through a snubber or guide 2 and thence downwardly through a series of yarn guides 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively, to a driven furnishing device 7.
  • the yarn 1 passes downwardly and thence through the laterally spaced loops of a guide device 8 which is immersed in a bath 9 of yarn treating materials contained in a pan or trough 10, the guide 8 being arranged in the trough 10 so that the yarn 1 passing therethrough will be immersed in the bath of the treating materials for a brief portion of its travel through the apparatus sufficient to impregnate the yarn and its fibres with the treating materials.
  • the treating materials in the bath 9 with which the yarn 1 and its fibres are impregnated in accordance with the present invention comprise a heat-reactive crosslinking agent capable of reacting with the cellulosic hydroxyls of the yarn fibres and, in the preferred embodiment, the mixture of monoethers, either with or without additives such as Wetting agents, finishing materials and the like as may be desired or necessary to meet the particular requirements of the yarn product being produced.
  • the yarn 1 may be passed preliminarily through a separate bath containing the mixture of monoethers before passing through bath 9, in which case bath 9 need not contain the mixture of monoethers.
  • a suitable tension device 11 for example, a gate tension, which functions, inter alia, to properly control the tension of the impregnated yarn 1 as the latter continues its passage upwardly through the heater device 12 and false twist 3 spindle 13 to feed rolls 14.
  • a driven take-up roll 15 which is rotationally driven by surface contact with a drive roll 16 at a speed less than the feed rolls.
  • the false twist spindle 13 is of the high speed beltdriven type and operates in well-known manner to impart a high degree of twist to the yarn 1.
  • the twist imparted to the yarn by the false twist spindle 13 extends in the yearn from the spindle 13 downwardly through the heater 12 to the gate tension 11 which performs the additional function of preventing the twist in the yarn from extending beyond the tension device 11.
  • the impregnated yarn traverses the heating device 12 it passes coaxially through a longitudinally split tube 17 where the twisted and impregnated yarn is heated to the desired degree.
  • the lower portion of the tube 17 is heated electrically by a block type heater 18, and the upper and major portion of the length of the tube 17 is heated electrically by a separate block type heater 19.
  • Separate heaters 18 and 19 are employed because it has been found that the lower portion of the tube 17 must be heated to a temperature sufficiently high to vaporize or burn-off any excess of the impregnating solution which may be discharged from the rapidly twisting yarn by centrifugal force.
  • the excess impregnating solution discharged from the yarn soon builds up on the interior surface of the heater tube 17 to the extent that the practical operating efliciency of the apparatus is substantially reduced.
  • the upper portion of the heater tube 17 is heated by the heater 19 to the temperature required to effect the cross-linking reaction.
  • the yarn is heated to a temperature sufficient to cause the selected cross-linking agent to react chemically with the cellulosic hydroxyl groups of the fibres of the yarn thereby cross-linking or chemically bonding together the cellulose fibres of the yarn in the highly twisted configuration produced by the false-twist spindle 13.
  • the false twist spindle 13 functions in its conventional manner well-known in the art to remove the twist from the yarn as the yarn leaves the spindle.
  • the untwisted yarn then passes to the draw or feed rolls 14 by which it is advanced or fed at a predetermined rate to the take-up roll 15.
  • a textured yarn of cellulosic fibres is produced having a permanent crimp, wave or fluff set into the yarn.
  • the cellulosic fibres in the yarn are permanently set in the yarn according to the formation of the yarn at the time of the heat-induced chemical reaction between the crosslinking agent of the impregnating bath 9 and the cellulosic hydroxyl groups of the yarn fibres, so that the individual fibres of the yarn have an inherent tendency to assume the formation which they had at the time of setting.
  • cross-linking agent employed in the impregnating bath 9 in practicing the method of the present invention
  • this is an organic compound having functional groups, more than one and preferably two or hree, rendering the compound capable of reacting polyfunctionally with cellulosic hydroxyl groups of the yarn fibres.
  • cross-linking agents include the following: dimethylol ethylene urea, dimethylol dihydroxyethylene urea, dimethylol N-ethyl triazone, tris-methoxymethyl melamine, diacetoxymethyl ethylene thiourea, vinyl cyclohexene dioxide, glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, butanol hemiformal, disodium sulfatoethyl sulfone, bis hydroxyethyl sulfone, methylene bis acrylamide, the diketene of glutaric acid, the bis pyridinium salt of chloromethylated glycols, tris aziridinyl phosphine oxide, tetramethylol acetylene diurein, bis hydroxyethylene urea, glycerin dichlorohydrin, dimethylol urea, diglycidyl ether of glycerol, dimethylol alkyl hydra
  • Preferred cross-linking agents are dimethylol ethylene urea, dimethylol dihydroxyethylene urea, dimethylol N-ethyl triazone and blends of dimethylol N-ethyl triazone with tris-methoxy methyl melamine in a weight ratio between about 2:1 and about 1:2, preferably about 1:1.
  • cross-linking agents may be employed as to produce textured yarns of cellulosic fibres in accordance with the present invention by providing a concentration of the selected cross-linking agent in the impregnating bath 9 of between about 2.5 and about 20%, preferably between about 7.5 and about 12.5%, by weight, based on the weight of the bath.
  • cross-linking agents with the cellulosic hydroxyl groups of the yarn fibres, as is wellknown, is normally catalyzed, and most of the crosslinking agents set forth above require the use of selected acid or basic catalysts depending upon the particular crosslinking agent employed.
  • acidic catalysts such as ammonium chloride, magnesium chloride, oxalic acid, zinc nitrate, amine hydrochlorides, zinc fiuoroborate, zinc acetate, and the like.
  • the vinyl sulfone derivatives, the chlorohydrins, and the like require alkaline catalysts, such as sodium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, triethanol amine, and the like.
  • alkaline catalysts such as sodium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, triethanol amine, and the like.
  • the amount of catalyst employed will depend, as well known, upon the particular cross-linking agent used and amount thereof as well as upon the particular catalyst. Generally the catalyst is present in an amount between about 5 and about 50%, based on the weight of the cross-linking agent.
  • the mixture of monoethers employed in accordance with the present invention is a mixture of monohydroxy oxyethylene oxy 1,2-propylene aliphatic monoethers.
  • ethylene oxide and 1,2-propylene oxide are combined as oxyethylene and oxy 1,2- propylene groups in a ratio which is at least one-third part of 1,2-propylene oxide for each part of ethylene oxide, by weight.
  • the ratio of 1,2-propylene oxide does not appreciably exceed about nine parts thereof per part of ethylene oxide.
  • the aliphatic alcohol used in preparing the monoethers, and from which the aliphatic monoether group is derived may contain from one to fourteen carbon atoms.
  • the aliphatic ether group may be that of methyl, ethyl propyl or butyl.
  • the mixture of monoethers employed in accordance with the present invention will have a molecular weight ranging from about 500 to about 3000, and preferably not over about 1500.
  • a particularly advantageous mixture of monoethers in this regard is one having the following characteristics:
  • the concentration of the mixture of monoethers in the impregnating bath 9, or in a prior separate bath may vary somewhat, although it is usually between about 0.5 and about 5%, preferably between about 1 and about 3%, by weight, based on the weight of the bath.
  • the impregnating bath 9 may contain a wetting agent compatible with the othercomponents of the bath. These wetting agents do not function chemically as do the cross-linking agents, but function in the customary manner of a wetting agent to insure maximum penetration and impregnation of the agents into the yarn. Also, other chemicals normally applied to textiles can be included in the impregnating bath 9.
  • a particularly valuable composition in the form of an aqueous concentrate adapted to be diluted with water to provide an impregnating bath for use according to the present invention, contains, per 100 parts by weight of concentrate: from about 30 to about 65 parts of dimethylol ethylene urea, from about to about 45 parts of water, from about 5 to about 20 parts of the mixture of monoethers, about 5 parts of zinc nitrate and about 5 parts of zinc acetate.
  • A-preferred concentrate in this regard contains, per 100 parts by weight of concentrate: about 40 parts of dimethylol ethylene urea, about 40 parts of water, about 10 parts of the mixture of monoethers, about 5 parts of zinc nitrate and about 5 parts of zinc acetate
  • the impregnating bath 9 comprises a solution of the selected materials.
  • An aqueous solution of the materials is preferred but other selected solvents may be employed which are compatible with the selected chemical materials and the cellulosic fibres of the yarn to be processed.
  • the following are typical examples of aqueous solutions of cross-linking agents, catalysts and the mixture of monoethers which may be used to produce textured yarns of natural cellulose fibres according to the present invention.
  • the percentages set forth are the percentages by weight of solids based on the total weight of the bath, the balance being water:
  • Example 1 Percent Dimethylol ethylene urea 10 Zinc nitrate l Mixture of monoethers 2
  • Example 2 Dimethylol dihydroxyethylene urea 7.5
  • Zinc nitrate 1 Mixture of monoethers 1
  • Example 3 Dimethylol N-ethyl triazone 12.5
  • Zinc nitrate 1 Mixture of monoethers 2
  • Example 4 Percent Dimethylol N-ethyl triazone 5
  • Tris-methoxy melamine 5 Tris-methoxy melamine 5
  • Magnesium chloride hexahydrate 4 Mixture of monoethers 3
  • the following are typical examples of the production of texture yarns such as stretch cotton by the method of the present invention.
  • a stretch cotton having medium stretch and recovery characteristics suitable for use in double-knit, jersey and like fabrics was produced from two ends of 50 count singles ecru combed cotton yarn twisted 18 turns Z per inch.
  • the yarn was impregnated with the solution or bath of Example 2 above in the manner previously described.
  • the yarn was then S twisted 73.5 turns per inch by the spindle 13 operating at a speed of 30,000 r.p.m. and while thus twisted was heated during passage through the heater device 12 under a tension of 20 grams. Heater temperature was 560 F. t
  • a stretch cotton having medium stretch and recovery characteristics suitable for use in socks, jersey knits and like garments was produced by processing a 36 count two ply bleached combed cotton yarn twisted 16 turns Z per inch in the singles and 11 turns S per inch in the ply was impregnated with the solution or bath of Example 3 above in the manner previously described. The yarn was then Z twisted 52 turns per inch by the spindle 13 at a speed of 40,000 r.p.m. and while thus twisted was heated during passage through the heater device 12 under a tension of 25 grams. Heater temperature was 620 F.
  • the present invention provides a method for producing, at high speed spindles, commercially satisfactory cellulose fibre yarns of the textured types described which have a permanent set in which the individual fibres of the yarn have a permanent inherent tendency to assume a formation conforming to the configuration of the permanent set of the fibres.
  • fabrics made of yarns processed according to the present invention are characterized by improved properties such as increased warmth, less weight, greater yield, greater softness of hand, improved drape and the like.
  • cross-linking agent is present in the solution in from about 2.5 to about 20%, by weight, and the mixture of monoethers from about 0.5 to about by Weight of the solution.
  • cross-linking agent is present in the solution in from about 7.5 to about 12.5%, by weight, and the mixture of monoethers from about 1 to about 3%, by weight, of the solution.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
US320030A 1963-10-30 1963-10-30 Method for producing textured yarns of cellulosic fibres Expired - Lifetime US3425208A (en)

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US (1) US3425208A (xx)
BE (1) BE655113A (xx)
CH (1) CH465754A (xx)
DE (1) DE1469419A1 (xx)
FR (1) FR1414187A (xx)
GB (1) GB1064698A (xx)
NL (1) NL6412595A (xx)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3651633A (en) * 1970-10-27 1972-03-28 Fiber Industries Inc Flange false twist textured nylon
US3664381A (en) * 1970-05-22 1972-05-23 Du Pont Press free textile fabric
US4000604A (en) * 1974-03-19 1977-01-04 Sung In Lee Texturized acetate yarn and method of manufacture
US4524577A (en) * 1981-12-18 1985-06-25 Kao Corporation Twisted yarn
US4853021A (en) * 1986-12-04 1989-08-01 Vetrotex Saint-Gobain Process and apparatus for producing coated single twist glass yarns
CN104611805A (zh) * 2015-02-13 2015-05-13 上海特安纶纤维有限公司 包含含砜基的芳香族聚合物纤维和纤维素纤维的纱线、织物及其制品,以及他们的制备方法

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2208632A (en) * 1935-04-04 1940-07-23 Dreyfus Henry Textile yarn and process for producing it
CH233148A (de) * 1942-01-06 1944-07-15 Bemberg Ag Einrichtung zur Herstellung wollähnlicher Kunstfäden.
US2403304A (en) * 1943-03-30 1946-07-02 Nat Oil Prod Co High-twist artificial yarn production
US2407105A (en) * 1944-01-05 1946-09-03 Celanese Corp High tenacity filamentary materials
US2425755A (en) * 1944-06-01 1947-08-19 Carbide & Carbon Chem Corp Mixtures of polyoxyalkylene monohydroxy compounds and methods of making such mixtures
GB710441A (en) * 1948-10-02 1954-06-09 Phrix Werke Ag Improvements in increasing the crease-resistance of fibres and fabrics of regenerated cellulose
FR1177996A (fr) * 1956-06-28 1959-04-30 Basf Ag Procédé pour l'ennobilissement des fibres et tissus de cellulose
US2895288A (en) * 1956-09-21 1959-07-21 American Viscose Corp Production of bulky colorspun rayon yarn
US3116967A (en) * 1958-01-09 1964-01-07 Sun Chemical Corp Creaseproofing compositions for textiles
US3127732A (en) * 1961-09-18 1964-04-07 John J Brown Method for producing bulked, highly stretchable textured cotton yarns

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2208632A (en) * 1935-04-04 1940-07-23 Dreyfus Henry Textile yarn and process for producing it
CH233148A (de) * 1942-01-06 1944-07-15 Bemberg Ag Einrichtung zur Herstellung wollähnlicher Kunstfäden.
US2403304A (en) * 1943-03-30 1946-07-02 Nat Oil Prod Co High-twist artificial yarn production
US2407105A (en) * 1944-01-05 1946-09-03 Celanese Corp High tenacity filamentary materials
US2425755A (en) * 1944-06-01 1947-08-19 Carbide & Carbon Chem Corp Mixtures of polyoxyalkylene monohydroxy compounds and methods of making such mixtures
GB710441A (en) * 1948-10-02 1954-06-09 Phrix Werke Ag Improvements in increasing the crease-resistance of fibres and fabrics of regenerated cellulose
FR1177996A (fr) * 1956-06-28 1959-04-30 Basf Ag Procédé pour l'ennobilissement des fibres et tissus de cellulose
US2895288A (en) * 1956-09-21 1959-07-21 American Viscose Corp Production of bulky colorspun rayon yarn
US3116967A (en) * 1958-01-09 1964-01-07 Sun Chemical Corp Creaseproofing compositions for textiles
US3127732A (en) * 1961-09-18 1964-04-07 John J Brown Method for producing bulked, highly stretchable textured cotton yarns

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3664381A (en) * 1970-05-22 1972-05-23 Du Pont Press free textile fabric
US3651633A (en) * 1970-10-27 1972-03-28 Fiber Industries Inc Flange false twist textured nylon
US4000604A (en) * 1974-03-19 1977-01-04 Sung In Lee Texturized acetate yarn and method of manufacture
US4524577A (en) * 1981-12-18 1985-06-25 Kao Corporation Twisted yarn
US4853021A (en) * 1986-12-04 1989-08-01 Vetrotex Saint-Gobain Process and apparatus for producing coated single twist glass yarns
US4927445A (en) * 1986-12-04 1990-05-22 Vetrotex Saint-Gobain Apparatus for producing coated single twist glass yarns
CN104611805A (zh) * 2015-02-13 2015-05-13 上海特安纶纤维有限公司 包含含砜基的芳香族聚合物纤维和纤维素纤维的纱线、织物及其制品,以及他们的制备方法

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Publication number Publication date
BE655113A (xx) 1965-04-30
NL6412595A (xx) 1965-05-03
CH1399164A4 (xx) 1968-08-15
FR1414187A (fr) 1965-10-15
DE1469419A1 (de) 1969-01-09
GB1064698A (en) 1967-04-05
CH465754A (fr) 1969-01-15

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Owner name: JOHN BROWN INDUSTRIES LTD.; 100 WEST TENTH ST., WI

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Effective date: 19810501

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