Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
  • D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
  • D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
  • D21H17/46—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D21H17/59—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
  • C08B31/00—Preparation of derivatives of starch
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
  • D06M13/12—Aldehydes; Ketones
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
  • D06M13/12—Aldehydes; Ketones
  • D06M13/127—Mono-aldehydes, e.g. formaldehyde; Monoketones
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
  • D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D06M15/39—Aldehyde resins; Ketone resins; Polyacetals
  • D06M15/423—Amino-aldehyde resins
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
  • Y10T428/31942—Of aldehyde or ketone condensation product
  • Y10T428/31949—Next to cellulosic
  • Y10T428/31953—Modified or regenerated cellulose
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
  • Y10T442/2369—Coating or impregnation improves elasticity, bendability, resiliency, flexibility, or shape retention of the fabric

Definitions

• An aldehyde is fixed on a polymer of the group consisting of cellulose, cellulose esters and starch, comprising the steps of treating said polymer with an aqueous mixture containing a member of the group consisting of 1) an aldehyde together with a carbamate having the formula NCOORz where R and R are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl and carbocyclic aryl, and R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl and carbocyclic aryl, (2) an aldehyde-carbamate condensation product wherein the carbamate has the formula H NCOOR and (3) an aldehyde together with an aldehyde-carbamate condensation product wherein the carbamate has the formula N NCOOR and heating said treated polymer at a temperature snfiicient to fix the aldehyde on said polymer but insufiicient to cause any substantial nitrogen fixation
• This invention relates to a novel and improved process for the fixation of an aldehyde on cellulose, cellulose esters and starch. It is known to fix aldehydes such as formaldehyde for example, on cellulose, cellulose esters and starch. It such prior art processes, however, it has been found diflicult to predetermine the amount of formaldehyde fixed, and to reproducibly control the amount of formaldehyde fixed. Also, in some instances, there is required the use of concentrated solutions of formaldehyde with high amounts of acid that tend to degrade the material being treated.
• the efiiciency is low in the sense that only a small amount of the formaldehyde used is actually bound on the substrate, such as cellulose, the remainder being lost.
• the invention relates also to a novel aqueous formaldehyde composition.
• an aldehyde preferably formaldehyde
• Another object is to impart wash-and-wear properties and crease resistance to cellulose fabrics.
• a related object is to stabilize cellulose fabrics against shrinkage. The process is particularly advantageous in that it involves substantially less loss of strength than does conventional resin finishing, while achieving a high level of washwear performance.
• Yet another object is to provide wash-wear fabrics cross linked with formaldehyde, which do not retain chlorine or otherwise discolor of pick up soil in the course of repeated washings.
• Related objects are to provide cellulosic fabrics which are mildewproof and rot resistant.
• An additional object is to improve the permanent crease retention properties of cellulosic fabrics.
• Another object is to increase the wet strength properties of paper.
• Another object is to provide a novel formaldehyde composition, suitable for fixing and other purposes.
• a still further object is to reduce the swelling tendency of cellulosic fabrics when wet with water or aqueous solutions, and especially of nonwoven viscose rayon fabircs.
• Yet another object is to achieve better whiteness retention. Further objects will be in part evident and in part pointed hereinafter.
• the foregoing objects can be attained by treating starch, cellulose or a cellulose ester with an aqueous mixture containing one of the following materials: (1) a mixture of an aldehyde and an alkyl carbamate, (2) an aldehyde-alkyl carbamate condensation product, (3) a mixture of an aldehyde together with an aldehyde-alkyl carbamate condensation product.
• an alkyl carbamate in (1) (2) or (3) there can be used an aryl carbamate.
• N-hydrocarbyl substituted alkyl or aryl carbamates there also can be used.
• the cellulose can be in the form of cotton, alpha cellulose, regenerated cellulose or rayon, e.g. cuprammonium rayon or viscose rayon, or paper.
• cellulose esters there can be employed cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate-butyrate, and cellulose acetate-propionate.
• aldehyde there can be employed formaldehyde, glyoxal, pyruvic aldehyde, glutaraldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde and hydroxyadipaldehyde.
• the preferred aldehyde is formaldehyde.
• the cellulose material can be blended with synthetic fibers such as polyesters, e.g. polyethylene terephthalate, acrylic fibers, e.g. polyacrylonitrile, acrylonitrile-vinyl chloride (:15; or 15:85), nylon, e.g. polymeric hexarnethylene adipamide, polypropylene, propylene ethylene copolymers, spandex, vinyl-chloride vinyl acetate, e.g. (87:13).
• synthetic fibers such as polyesters, e.g. polyethylene terephthalate, acrylic fibers, e.g. polyacrylonitrile, acrylonitrile-vinyl chloride (:15; or 15:85), nylon, e.g. polymeric hexarnethylene adipamide, polypropylene, propylene ethylene copolymers, spandex, vinyl-chloride vinyl acetate, e.g. (87:13).
• glyoxal For special purposes where extra rigidity is required, it is desirable to employ glyoxal. When less rigidity than that imparted by formaldehyde is desired, other aldehydes such as acetaldehyde or hydroxyadipaldehyde can be used. Of course, mixtures of aldehydes can be employed.
• the alkyl carbamate has the formula:
• R is an alkyl group.
• R is an alkyl group.
• methyl carbamate ethyl carbamate, propyl carbamate, isopropyl carbarnate, butyl carbamate, amyl carbamate, hexyl carbamate, octyl carbamate, decyl carbamate, dodecyl carbamate, cyclohexyl carbamate and octadecyl carbamate.
• Mixtures of carbamates can be employed, e.g. the eutectic mixture of 52% ethyl carbamate and 48% methyl carbamate.
• aryl carbamates there can be employed phenyl carbamate, o-tolyl carbamate, p-tolyl carbamate, m-tolyl carbamate, p-butylphenyl carbamate, a-naphthyl carbamate, B-naphthyl carbamate, 2,4-xylyl carbamate.
• N-hydrocarbyl substituted carbamates having the formula R NHCOOR where R and R are alkyl or aryl there can be used N-phenyl isopropyl carbamate, N-phenyl phenyl carbamate, N-p-tolyl ethyl carbamate, N-phenyl methyl carbamate, N-phenyl ethyl carbamate, N-methyl phenyl carbamate, N-ethyl phenyl carbamate, N-methyl methyl carbamate, N-methyl ethyl carbamate, N-methyl decyl carbamate, N-ethyl methyl carbamate, N-ethyl ethyl carbamate, N-dodecyl methyl carbamate, N-butyl cyclohexyl carbamate, N,N-diethyl ethyl carbamate, N,N-dimethyl ethyl carbamate, N,
• an aldehydealkyl carbamate condensation product or an N-hydrocarbyl carbamate or an aryl carbamate.
• an aldehydealkyl carbamate condensation product or an N-hydrocarbyl carbamate or an aryl carbamate.
• a mixture of the aldehyde and alkyl carbamate since it has been found that the reaction proceeds more smoothly, and shorter process times are normally required. Additionally, the use of the mixture eliminates the expense of preforming the aldehydealkyl carbamate condensation product.
• the temperature of heating the product in order to fix the formaldehyde to cellulose or the like can be varied much more widely.
• temperatures of 180 to 300 F. be employed, but there can be utilized more elevated temperatures, such as 350 or 400 F.
• the temperature of heating the product connotes the actual temperature to which the product is elevated, as determined for example by surface pyrometry or infrared pyrometry in the case of moving fabrics; as will be understood, this will normally correspond to a somewhat higher oven temperature, or the desired temperature level may be achieved by radiation from heat sources themselves at a considerably higher temperature.
• the apparent reason for this is that the reaction to form the methylol carbamate proceeds relatively slowly, whereas the reaction to fix the formaldehyde to cellulose or the like goes quite rapidly.
• Product temperatures of 180 300 F. are preferred, as less likely to degrade the product.
• a preferred cure or fixation temperature range for cotton is ZOO-220 F.
• the carbamate acts only as a carrier in assisting the formaldehyde to become fixed on the cellulose or the like, but does not itself become fixed in any significant amount to the cellulose material being treated.
• the alkyl carbamate employed is a lower alkyl carbamate; most preferably methyl carbamate, ethyl carbamate and mixtures thereof.
• the aldehyde is employed in the aqueous system in an amount normally between 1% and 8% thereof, although if relatively large amounts of formaldehyde are to be fixed onto the cellulose or other material, there can be used as much as 10% or or more of aldehyde. Desirably, the aldehyde is employed in an amount of at least 3 moles per mole of carbamate, and can be employed in an amount as much as moles or even moles per mole of carbamate.
• aldehyde Generally, lower mole proportions of aldehyde are preferred, and one of the advantages of the present invention is that lower amounts of aldehyde are required in the aqueous treating system, for the amount of formaldehyde fixed on the cellulosic material, than is the case with prior art processes. Additionally, the problem of formaldehyde odor is thereby materially reduced.
• the mixture of aldehyde and alkyl carbamate e.g. formaldehyde and methyl carbamate
• This aqueous mixture can be relatively concentrated at the time of shipment and can then be diluted with water to obtain the desired amount of ingredients for the bath through which is passed the cotton, for example.
• the mixture which is shipped is preferably neutral, although it can be alkaline or acidic.
• the bath through which the cotton or other material is passed is generally acidic or has a latent acid catalyst therein.
• Suitable acids and latent acid catalysts include formic acid, hydrochloric acid, ammonium chloride, zinc nitrate, zinc chloride, zinc fluoroborate, or mixtures thereof. Since little catalyst is required, it may be supplied by residual acid-forming salt, such as ammonium chloride, on the goods being treated.
• Fixation of an aldehyde on the material, utilizing the alkyl carbamate carrier has also been found to be operative on the alkaline side, e.g. using catalysts such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.
• catalysts such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.
• acid catalysts are preferred.
• the alkaline catalyst may be supplied on the goods being treated. When catalyst is added to the treating bath, it is normally used in an amount of 0.1-2% of the bath, although this can be varied.
• the process of the present invention also imparts better ture of aldehyde and carbamate, and then to run the thus whiteness retention to cellulse fabrics, e.g. viscose rayon lmpregnated material through squeeze rolls to remove fabrics, cotton fabrics and fabrics containing blends of excess solution.
• cellulse fabrics e.g. viscose rayon lmpregnated material
• squeeze rolls to remove fabrics, cotton fabrics and fabrics containing blends of excess solution.
• the procedure may synthetic and cellulosic fibers. be to pass the solution through packages of the yarn in a
• the present invention is also important in greatly rekier.
• a similar process can be employed in treating 10 ducing the swelling properties of cellulosic fabrics. starch.
• the process of the present invention has the advantage especially nonwoven viscose rayon fabrics. Consequently over prior art processes of fixing aldehyde to material the aldehyde and carbamate treatment of the present insuch as those described above, with good reproducibility vention not only gives a cellulosic product, e.g. viscose of results, particularly when the alkyl carbamate is present rayon, of reduced swelling properties, but concomitant in the treating mixture in an amount of at least about therewith yields improved stabilization against shrinkage. 0.5%.
• a further advantage is that any desired amount of aldehyde can be fixed to the cellulose or the like, simply i I by controlling the amount of aldehyde in the aqueous Generally, the border yarns 1n towels shrink more than i t the rest of the towel.
• ther can b dd d t th aqueous mi t a series of towel border cotton yarns were treated in a of aldehyde and alkyl carbamate (or aldehyde-alkyl carkier with an aqueous mixture containing 1% methyl barnate condensation product), conventional additives, carbamate, 0.5% magnesium chloride hexahydrate, 0.5% such as wetting agents, hand modifiers, softeners, lubrifofmlc acid, 12% Sodium Chloride, 017% of a dimethyl cants, brighteners, and the like.
• the strength retentions appearing above were based on bleached, mercerized yarn taken immediatel before treatment with methyl carbamate and formaldehyde.
• the strength retention calculation is based on the greige, mercerized yarn (6.37 lb. single end break)
• strength retention of the above yarns is from 80 to 88 percent.
• EXAMPLE III An aqueous mixture containing 5% formaldehyde, 1% methyl carbamate and 1% magnesium chloride hexahydrate was padded on a bleached enameling duck at 55-60% wet pickup. The fabric was barely dried at 180 F. (about moisture), and heated at the indicated temperatures and times.
• EXAMPLE IV In another set of samples using a mercerized and bleached 136 X 64 cotton broadcloth, an aqueous solution containing 2.5% formaldehyde, 1.0% methyl carbamate and catalyst as noted was applied at 60% wet pickup. The fabric was barely dried at 180 F. (about 10% moisture) and heated at 260 F. for 3 minutes.
• EXAMPLE v Bleached, mercerized cotton yarn was treated in a kier with an aqueous solution containing 2.5% formaldehyde, 1.36% sodium chloride, 0.5% magnesium chloride hexahydrate, 0.5% formic acid, 0.1% dimethyl polysiloxane oil and the indicated amounts of methyl carbamate, and later dried at F.
• EXAMPLE IX Mercerized cotton yarn was treated in a kier with an aqueous solution of 0.5% ethyl carbamate, 2.1% formaldehyde (mole ratio formaldehyde to carbamate of 12.5 :1), 0.5 magnesium chloride and 0.5 formic acid. The yarn was dried at 200 F. to fix the formaldehyde to the yarn.
• a fabric which consists of an 8 oz. viscose rayon nonwoven web (Avril) needled into a 1.6 oz. polypropylene scrim, calendered and palmered had an objectionable tendency to swell and increase in gauge during wet processing.
• This objection can be overcome in part by using a combination of polypropylene fiber and viscose rayon for the web. Because of the thermoplasticity of the polypropylene, this combination of fibers in the web can be hot calendered and palmered to reduce the gauge of the base fabric and to reduce swelling and gauge increase during predipping. However, this fabric still swelled and increased in gauge on wetting. Furthermore, the inclusion of the polypropylene fibers was a relatively expensive solution to the problem.
• Formulation A was applied at 120 F. in a laboratory padder. Fabrics (a) and (b) were dried in a continuous oven at 250 F. and fabric (c) was dried in the oven at 220 F. the fabrics were rolled up and held in a convection oven at 220 F. for 1 /2 hours to simulate conditions obtained if the fabric should be wound up hot in commercial production. Thermocouples embedded in the fabric rolls indicated the temperature on the inside of the fabric roll to be:
• EXAMPLE XI The fabric employed was 8 oz. viscose rayon web needled into a 1.6 oz. polypropylene scrim, calendered and palmered.
• Formulation A (see Example X) was applied to one section of the fabric on a laboratory padder. One portion of this section was vacuum extracted between the top roll of the padder and the fabric wind-up. A second portion of this section was not vacuum extracted. Another section of the fabric was untreated. The fabrics were dried continuously in a laboratory oven at 250 F. A radiation pyrometer (Infrascope) indicated the fabric temperature at the exit to be 221 F. for the fabric vacuum extracted and 218 F. on the fabric not vacuum extracted.
• Infrascope Infrascope
• the formulations were all applied at room temperature in a laboratory padder and vacuum extracted.
• the fabrics were dried in a laboratory continuous dryer set at 260 F.
• the fabric treated with Formulation A attained a surface temperature of 232 F.
• the fabric treated with Formulation B attained a surface temperature of 214 F.
• the fabric treated with Formulation C attained a surface temperature of 210 F.
• these fabrics were treated with sodium bisulfite solution to remove formaldehyde odor and recatalyzed with an aqueous mixture containing 0.83% each of MgCl and formic acid.
• the fabrics were then dried to the touch in a 300 F. oven after the washing and recatalyzation.
• the fabrics were hot calendered on a two-roll calender at 250 F. and then palmered two passes at 260 F. on one drum of a two-drum compressive shrinkage machine.
• the swelling effect was determined as in Examples X and XI by gauging the fabric dry, saturated with water and saturated with NaOH solution. Swelling characteristics were checked as finished in the laboratory (before 1 1 calendering), after calendering and after calendering and palmering. The results of these tests and of formaldehyde analyses are set forth in the following table:
• the fabrics usually contain a substantial amount of cellulose fibers, e.g. or more, usually at least Examples XIII and XIV demonstrate the speed at which processing of fabric is possible. They also demonstrate the rapidity of the reaction which occurs under very favorable conditions.
• EXAMPLE XIII Three lightweight white fabrics containing blends of 65% polyester fiber and cotton fiber were processed through an aqueous mixture containing 1.0% methyl carbamate, 6.0% formaldehyde, 0.83% magnesium chloride, 0.83% formic acid, 0.5% acrylic polymer, comprising ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, acrylic acid and acrylamide (Rhoplex E-32), 0.25% polyvinyl alcohol and 0.2% nonyl phenol-ethylene oxide condensate (wetting agent) followed by drying.
• aqueous mixture containing 1.0% methyl carbamate, 6.0% formaldehyde, 0.83% magnesium chloride, 0.83% formic acid, 0.5% acrylic polymer, comprising ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, acrylic acid and acrylamide (Rhoplex E-32), 0.25% polyvinyl alcohol and 0.2% nonyl phenol-ethylene oxide condensate (wetting agent) followed by drying.
• the polyester in fabrics (a) and (c) was Dacron, and in fabric (b) was Kodel.
• the wet pick-up by these fabrics when passed through the mix on a padder was in the range of 35 to Drying was accomplished on a tenter dryer with the air temperature regulated at 330 F.
• the speed of processing was 110 yards/ minute and the fabric dwell time in the dryer was 14 seconds.
• Fabric temperatures obtained as indicated by an infrared pyrometer were in the range from 245 to 255 F.
• Example XIV The three fabrics of Example XIII were passed through a mixture containing 1.0% methyl carbamate, 4.0% formaldehyde, 0.83% magnesium chloride, 0.83% formic acid, 0.5 acrylic polymer (Rhoplex 13-32), 0.7% fatty acid based softener and 0.2% nonyl phenol-ethylene oxide condensate (wetting agent).
• Swatches of the fabric were creased by pressing in a steam heated laundry press for 15 seconds at 100 p.s.i.g. steam followed by heating in a convection oven set at 325 F. for six minutes.
• Example XV for crease retention it is desirable to add further catalyst to compensate for the catalyst lost in the initial heating employed to dry the formaldehyde treated fabric.
• the crease retention properties are then imparted after the initial cure of the fabric.
• a process of fixing an aldehyde on a polymer of the group consisting of cellulose, cellulose esters and starch comprising the steps of treating said polymer with an aqueous mixture containing a member of the group consisting of an aldehyde together with a carbamate having the formula where R and R are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl and carbocyclic aryl, and R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl and carbocyclic aryl, there being at least 2.5 moles of aldehyde per mole of carbamate.
• a process of fixing formaldehyde on a polymer of the group consisting of cellulose, cellulose esters and starch comprising the steps of treating said polymer with an aqueous mixture of formaldehyde and an alkyl carbamate, and heating said treated polymer to fix the formaldehyde on said polymer.
• alkyl carbamate is a lower alkyl carbamate.
• a process of fixing formaldehyde on cellulose comprising the steps of treating cellulose with an aqueous mixture of formaldehyde and an alkyl carbamate, and heating said treated cellulose to fix the formaldehyde on the cellulose.
• a process according to claim 12 wherein the carbamate is methyl carbamate.
• a process according to claim 13 wherein the heating is at a temperature of 180 to 300 F.
• a process according to claim 15 wherein the heating is at a temperature of 180 to 300 F.
• a process according to claim 9 wherein the degree of formaldehyde fixation on the cellulose is from 0.25 based on the weight of the cellulose, and the cellulose is in the form of cotton.
• a process according to claim 9 wherein the degree of formaldehyde fixation on the cellulose is from 0.5:2.5% based on the weight of the cellulose, and the cellulose is in the form of regenerated cellulose.
• a product according to claim 22 wherein the regenerated cellulose is viscose rayon.
• a process of reducing the swelling tendency of cellulosic fibers in an aqueous medium comprising the steps of treating said fibers with an aqueous mixture containing a member of the group consisting of an aldehyde together with a carbamate having the formula NCOOR2 where R and R are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl and carbocyclic aryl, and R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl and carbocyclic aryl, the formaldehyde being 3 to 60 moles per mole of car- 'bamate.
• a process of fixing an aldehyde on a fabric comprising fibers of a polymer of the group consisting of cellulose and cellulose esters comprising the steps of treating said fabric with an aqueous mixture containing a member of the group consisting of an aldehyde together with a carbamate having the formula NCOORz R1 where R and R are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl and carbocyclic aryl, and R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl and carbocyclic aryl to obtain a shape and crease retentive fabric, there being at least 2.5 moles of aldehyde per mole of carbamate.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Biochemistry (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
• Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
• Particle Accelerators (AREA)
• Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)

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Citations (3)

• 1965
  • 1965-04-26 US US45103365 patent/US3420696A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1965-05-04 IL IL23476A patent/IL23476A/en unknown
  • 1965-05-21 FI FI122965A patent/FI43864B/fi active
  • 1965-05-22 DE DE1965W0039204 patent/DE1469507A1/de active Granted
  • 1965-05-24 CH CH727065A patent/CH557447A/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1965-05-25 SE SE689865A patent/SE325861B/xx unknown
  • 1965-05-25 GB GB705168A patent/GB1118742A/en not_active Expired
  • 1965-05-25 GB GB2202565A patent/GB1118741A/en not_active Expired
  • 1965-05-28 AT AT486965A patent/AT268189B/de active
  • 1965-05-28 AT AT113067A patent/AT274729B/de active
  • 1965-05-31 LU LU48722D patent/LU48722A1/xx unknown
  • 1965-05-31 NL NL6506839A patent/NL143638B/xx unknown
  • 1965-05-31 DK DK274165A patent/DK120632B/da unknown
  • 1965-05-31 NO NO158289A patent/NO123814B/no unknown
  • 1965-06-01 FR FR19063A patent/FR1440959A/fr not_active Expired
  • 1965-06-01 OA OA51928A patent/OA01738A/xx unknown
  • 1965-06-02 ES ES0313722A patent/ES313722A1/es not_active Expired

Patent Citations (3)

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