US3419076A

US3419076A - Surface condition responsive subsurface safety valve system

Info

Publication number: US3419076A
Authority: US
Inventors: Phillip S Sizer; Larry K Spencer
Original assignee: Otis Engineering Corp
Current assignee: Otis Engineering Corp
Priority date: 1965-08-12
Filing date: 1965-08-12
Publication date: 1968-12-31
Anticipated expiration: 1985-12-31

Description

Dec 31 1968 P. s. slzl-:R ETAL SURFACE CONDITION RESPONSIVE SUBSURFACE SAFETY VALVE SYSTEM Filed Aug. 12, 1965 INVENTORS Pt'lfzlp ,51 S''zef' K larry K .Spencer jg, Z

United States Patent O 3,419,076 SURFACE CONDITION RESPONSIVE SUB- SURFACE SAFETY VALVE SYSTEM Phillip S. Sizer and Larry K. Spencer, Dallas, Tex., as-

signors to Otis Engineering Corporation, Dallas, Tex.,

a corporation of Delaware Filed Aug. 12, 1965, Ser. No. 479,170 9 Claims. (Cl. 166-53) ABSTRACT F THE DISCLOSURE A surface reactive valve system for increasing flow of fluids from well flow passages to activate a subsurface safety valve in said well and to reduce pressure in the flow conductor of the well, and means is provided responsive to pressure temperature, attitude, fluid flow and other physical conditions for opening a pressure releasing valve in a relief line for reducing the pressure in the flow conductor upstream of said safety valve. The reduction in pressure increases the flow rate through the well flow passage, and the safety valve closes in response to the increased ilow.

This invention relates to fluid flow control devices and h more particularly relates to a system for controlling fluid flow from a well bore.

It is a particularly important object of this invention to provide a new and improved system for reducing the fluid pressure within a flow passage of a well bore.

It is another object of the invention to provide in a well equipped with a tubing string having a subsurface safety valve a system for increasing the flow through the tubing string to a rate sufficient to close the safety valve in response to a predetermined state of one or `more operating conditions such as the temperature in the vicinity of the wellhead, the wind velocity at the well, and the physical attitude of the well support structure, such as an offshore platform supporting the wellhead.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a relief valve equipped ow line connected into a tubing string of a well provided with a subsurface safety valve to increase fluid flow through the tubing responsive to a predetermined state of one or more monitored operating conditions to provide suflicient flow throu-gh the tubing string to close the subsurface safety valve for preventing wellhead damage and loss of well fluids under such conditions as may be encountered with fires in the vicinity of the wellhead or when the well is exposed to inclement weather which might damage the wellhead to the extent of rupturing the flow lines connected therewith.

It is another object of the invention to provide fire protection at a wellhead by preventing fluid flow from the well bore into the wellhead under conditions where the wellhead is either burning or sufficiently close to tire to raise the temperature in the vicinity of the wellhead to a predetermined value.

It is another object of the invention to prevent a chain reaction among several wellheads on a platform where one of the wellheads catches fire and the fire would normally spread to other nearby wellheads.

The invention is directed to a fluid flow control system for reducing fluid pressure within a flow passage of a well bore upstream of a flow control means at the upper end of the well flow passage. A relief fluid flow passage is connected to the well ilow passage upstream of the flow control means communicating with the well flow passage and having relief valve means connected in said relief flow passages for controlling the flow through said relief flow passage. The relief valve has fluid pressure responsive means operable to open the relief valve to permit fluid ilow from the flow passage of the well through the relief Patented Dec. 31, 1968 flow passage to reduce the fluid pressure within the ilow passage in the well bore controlled by control means operable in response to a predetermined change in one or more physical conditions monitored by the control means connected with the pressure responsive means of the relief valve for actuating said pressure responsive means to open the valve upon the occurrence of a predetermined change of one or more of said physical conditions monitored by the control means. The physical conditions monitored include pressure, temperature, heat, wind, vibration, and the like.

Additional objects and advantages of the invention will be readily apparent from the reading of the following description of a device constructed in accordance with the invention, and reference to the accompanying drawings thereof, wherein:

FIGURE l is a schematic view in elevation and section of a fluid flow control system for increasing fluid flow through the tubing of a well to effect closing of a subsurface safety valve connected in the well tubing; and,

FIGURE 2 is an enlarged sectional view of the attitude control valve assembly.

Referring to FIGURE l, a wellhead 20 is supported at the upper end of a surface pipe or casing 21 on the platform 22 which may be located on land or water. The surface pipe may extend several hundred feet into the earth and is the first string of pipe set in the drilling of a well. Connected on the upper end of the surface pipe is a casing head 23 which provides communication into the annular space 24 between the well casing 25 and tubing string 30 which is equipped with a subsurface safety valve 30a such as illustrated and described at pages 3703-3705 of the Composite Catalog of Oil Field Equipment and Services, 1964-65 edition, published by World Oil, Houston, Tex. One lateral opening into the casing head is closed by the blind flange 31 on the wing valve 32 secured over the opening. A bull plu-g 33, a needle valve 34, and a pressure gauge 35 are secured to the other lateral opening to permit pressure readings to be made of the fluid pressure within the casing annulus 24. The string of tubing 30 is suspended from a suitable tubing hanger in the wellhead, not shown, to support the tubing and seal between the tubing and the well casing 25.

A tubing relief line 37 is connected to a tubing relief valve 40 secured to the T-connection 41 attached on the upper end of the Casing head. A master valve 42 and a surface safety valve 43 are connected to the T-connection 41. The surface safety valve is a suitable commercially available type valve such as the Type X Otis Surface Safety Valve illustrated at pages 3692-3693 of the Composite Catalog of Oil Field Equipment and Services, supra. Connected on the safety valve is a pipe T-connection 44 upon which are mounted a bull plug 45, a needle valve 50, and a pressure gauge 51 permitting a ready determination of the pressure of the fluids within the wellhead from the tubing string. A flow line 52 is connected into the T-connection 44 through the surface choke unit 53 and the tubing wing valve 54. The surface choke unit is tted with a bull plug 55 which is readily removable to permit servicing or replacement of the choke in the unit. A valve is connected in the flow line 52 downstream from the choke. The flow line leads to separators., tanks, and other conventional fluid handling equipment, not shown, utilized in treating and storing the fluids flowing from the well.

T-he tubing relief line 37 extends to separators or a vent or blowoff line, not shown, independent of the fluid handling equipment connected to the flow line 52. The relief line when open permits additional well fluids to flow from the tubing string upstream from the choke unit 53, which restricts fluid flow by providing a restricted orifice 3 between the flow line 52 and the tubing valve 54, and thus increases the ilow from the tubing string to a sufficient rate that the subsurface safety valve 30a connected in the tubing string 33 closes to prevent flow of well fluids from the well through the tubing string. There is no choke unit between the relief flow line and the tubing string to restrict llow to the relief llow line. Flow through the relief line is controlled by the normally closed relief valve 40, which preferably is a fluid actuated gate valve such as the Type U Otis Surface Safety Valve illustrated diagrammatically at page 3694 of the Composite Catalog of Oil Field Equipment and Services, supra. Briefly, the control valve 40 inl cludes a valve body 61, a gate 62 having a port 63 movable relative to the llow passage 64 to open and close the valve, and the iluid responsive operator assembly 65. The operator assembly comprises the valve stem 70 secured to the piston 71 w-hich is slidable within the cylinder 72 and biased upwardly by the spring 73 and movable downwardly by iluid pressure within the cylinder. The valve 40 differs from the valve illustrated in the reference only in the position of the port 63 through the gate. The port 63 in the valve 40 is at a lower position in the gate so that when the piston, stem and gate are held at a lower position by control fluid pressure within the cylinder 72 above the piston 71, the valve is closed to prevent llow through the relief line. When the control fluid pressure is lowered the spring lifts the piston and gate to align the ports 63 with the passage 64 through the valve body allowing ow through the valve and the relief line.

Control fluid is supplied by a pressure source 75 to the cylinder 72 of the tubing relief valve through the line 74. The pressure source may be any suitable fluid pressure unit adequate to supply and control fluid to the control valve such as an Otis Surface Control Manifold as illustrated and described at page 3710 of the Composite Catalog f Oil Field Equipment and Services, supra. Connected in the line 74 between the pressure source and the control valve are a check valve 80, a choke 81, and

fusible plugs

82 and 83 which are a form of plug type relief valve having a plate adapted to rupture responsive to a predetermined temperature to relieve the pressure within the line 74. The

lines

84 and 85 are connected from the control line 74 to the manually operated valve 90 and the plat-form attitude control valve 'assembly 91, respectively. Both the

lines

84 and 85 are open at their outer ends to the atmosphere so that the pressure from the cylinder 72 and in the line 74 may be bled] down through either of these lines. The attitude control valve assembly 91 (FIGURE 2) includes a Asuitable toggle valve 92 connected through lan operator lever 93 to a weight 94 so that a shift in the position of the platform 22 causing it to lean beyond a predetermined degree from the horizontal will open the valve 92 since the pendulum-like weight 94 will hold the operator 93 vertical as the valve leans with the platform. Another bleed line 95 extends from the line 85 to a suitable electrically operated valve 99 such as a solenoid valve actuated by the electric current generated by a suitable electric generator 100 driven by an anernometer 101. The voltage of the electric current varies in accordance with the speed of rotation of the anemometer and increases to the value at which the electric current moves the solenoid valve to its open position when t-he wind velocity exceeds a predetermined rate at which the wind might cause sufficient damage to the platform to rupture the wellhead causing loss of well fluids and a probable fire hazard unless the down hole safety valve is closed.

When the system illustrated in FIGURE 1 is operating under normal conditions, well fluids flow upwardly into the wellhead through the tubing string passing through the T-connection 41, the open master valve 42, the safety valve 43, and then through the T-connection 44 and the tubing wing valve 54 into the surface choke unit 53. The choke reduces the lluid flow into the ilow line 52 to a desired rate. The fluids flow through the flow line 52 to separator and storage facilities, not shown. So long as fluid flows through the tubing string at the rate determined by the choke unit 53, the subsurface safety valve remains open to permit fluid ilow from the well. An increase in the flow rate above that rate at which the subsurface safety valve is adapted to close will cause closure of the valve preventing fluid flow from the Well into the wellhead. If, for example, the wellhead should be damaged or even knocked off so that leakage may occur from it in excess of the predetermined rate at which the subsurface safety valve is set to close, the safety valve 30a will close to protect the well against further loss of product and feeding a re with the fluids, if one exists. On the other hand, however, the wellhead may leak because of damage or other malfunction to an extent suilicient to provide fuel for a damaging fire but yet not at a rate high enough to close the subsurface safety valve. The relief line 37 provides sufficient additional or supplementary ilow capacity in excess of that allowed by the choke in the unit 53 to reduce the wellhead pressure sufliciently to actuate the subsurface safety valve.

During normal operation the tubing relief valve 40 in the line 37 which controls llow through the relief line is held in the closed position ,by control iluid provided from the source 7S through the line 74 into the cylinder 72 above the piston 71. The relief valve remains closed so long as the operating conditions being monitored remain within normal limits and thus do not cause the control lluid to be bled from the relief valve cylinder. When a predetermined change occurs in any one of the monitored operating conditions, the pressure within the cylinder 72 is bled down through the line 74 to a level sufficiently low that the spring 73 around the valve stem 70 lifts the piston, valve stern and gate upwardly to align the port 63 through the gate with the flow passage 64 allowing well fluids to flow from the wellhead through the relief line 37 and the relief valve and thus supplementing the uid flow through the choke unit 53 to the extent that the subsurface safety valve in the tubing string 30 closes to shut off the llow of well fluids to the wellhead. A fire in the vicinity of the wellhead which subjects either or both of the fusible plugs 82 and 83 to a sufliciently high temperature will cause the plugs to release the fluid pressure within the line 74 bleeding the line and the cylinder 72 down to a low enough level to allow the control valve to close. The probability that the well will catch fire is thus minimized since the well will -be shut-in by the closing of the subsurface safety valve prior to the wellhead being subjected to a sufficiently high temperature to damage the head as by burning the packing from one or more of the various valves might allow leakage to provide fuel for a fire. Similarly, a high wind or da-mage to the platform by a blow from a floating barge or ship may shut in the well preliminary to surface damage which would rupture members of the wellhead. When the wind velocity in the vicinity of the platform reaches a predetermined rate the generator driven by the ane-mometer will generate sufficient power to open the electrically operated relief valve 99 allowing the control fluid pressure to bleed down from the cylinder of the control valve through the lines 74, 8S and 95. If the platform is subjected to a damaging force sufficient to change its attitude beyond a predetermined amount, the pendulum or weight 94 opens the valve 92 to bleed the pressure from the cylinder 72 through the lines 74 and 85 to open the relief valve causing the subsurface safety valve to close. The Well fluids bled from the wellhead through the relief line 37 pass either to separators independent of those connected with the flow line 52 to prevent damage to the regular separators 0r the fluids are vented to the atmosphere at a location remote from the wellhead. If desired, the control valve may be opened by manual operation of the valve which will bleed down the pressure from the cylinder 72 through the lines 74 and 84. By this means,

personnel on the platform may quickly shut in the well in anticipation of dangerous conditions.

When conditions at the wellhead return to normal, the pressure within the control fluid system is re-established so that the valve 40 is moved by the piston 71 and stem 70 back to the closed position thus shutting off fluid flow through the relief line from the wellhead. The subsurface safety valve is then opened to permit normal flow from the well.

The connection of the relief line into the wellhead is upstream of the master valve 42 so that the subsurface safety valve will lbe closed by the system of the invention even when the well is shut in by the master valve. The relief line is sized to handle a suflicient volume to actuate the subsurface safety valve even when the regular flow line is not functioning.

It will be seen that a new and improved system has been described and illustrated for controlling fluid flow from a well.

It will be Seen that the flow control system includes a subsurface safety valve which is actuated by increasing the fluid flow through the tubing string in which the safety valve is connected by means of reducing the pressure within the wellhead upstream of the flow tube choke allowing ow into the relief line.

It will be seen that the relief ilne includes a pressure actuated control valve adapted to function responsive to monitored operating conditions, such as the temperature in the vicinity of the wellhead, the wind velocity in the vicinity of the wellhead, the attitude of the platform supporting the wellhead, and other operating conditions to shut in the well.

It will be further seen that the detector systems connected with the relief valve in the relief line anticipate damage to the wellhead which may cause leakage from it and thus actuate the subsurface safety valve prior to such damage.

It will be further seen that the fire hazard frequently created around a well by leaking well fluids is minimized by shutting the well in anticipatory to such damage to the wellhead as might be calculated to cause such leakage.

It will be further seen that the relief line is connected into the wellhead upstream of the master valve so that the well even when shut in by closure of the master valve is protected so that a change in the monitored conditions will open the control valve to allow sufllcient flow to shut the subsurface safety valve.

-It will therefore be seen that the well is protected against potential damage whether or not well fluids are flowing through the wellhead. fWhile a particular type of relief valve has been illustrated and described in connection with both the tubing and casing pressure relief systems, it will be recognized that other forms of pressure actuated valves may be employed in the systems, such, for example, as a type K Otis Flow Line Safety Valve illustrated and described at page 3691 of the Composite Catalog of Oil Field Equip ment and Services, supra. It will ybe further evident that additional monitoring systems may be incorporated in the tubing relief system of FIGURE l such, for example, as a system operative responsive to the presence to salt water which may be deposited on a detector by tremendous wave action which might endanger the platform and wellhead so that the well is shut in by the system anticipatory of damage which might break the wellhead connections to allow the well to leak.

The foregoing descripion of the invention is explanatory only, and changes in the details of the construction illustrated may be made by lthose skilled in the art, within the scope of the appended claims, without departing from the spirit of the invention.

What is claimed and desired to be secured by Letters Patent is:

1. A fluid flow control system for a tubing string of a well comprising: a subsurface safety valve connected in said tubing string, said safety valve having means responsive to a predetermined maximum flow rate condition of fluid flowing through said safety valve for closing said safety valve; a flow control choke in said tubing string downstream of said safety valve for controlling the flow rate through said tubing string; a relief flow line connected into said tubing string between said flow control choke and said subsurface safety valve to provide means for increasing fluid flow through said tubing string and said safety valve; a relief valve connected in said relief line for controlling fluid flow from said tubing string through said relief line; and control means connected with said relief valve operable in response to a predetermined change in one or more physical conditions monitored by said control means to open said relief valve for increasing fluid flow through said tubing string to a rate sufllcient to close said subsurface safety valve.

2. A fluid flow control system for a tubing string of a well having a flow controlling choke connected therein for controlling flow through the tubing string, comprising: a subsurface safety valve connected in said tubing string and having means responsive to a predetermined maximum fluid flow rate through said safety valve for closing said safety valve; a relief flow line kconnected into said tubing string between said choke and said subsurface safety valve, said relief flow line having sufficient flow conducting capacity to increase the fluid flow rate through said safety valve in said tubing string to a rate sufcient to effect closing of said safety valve; a relief valve connected in said relief line, said relief valve being adapted to be held closed by fluid pressure from a pressure source independent of the fluid pressure within said tubing string; a fluid pressure source independent of the fluid pressure in said tubing string connected with said relief valve to provide fluid pressure for holding said relief valve closed; and monitoring pressure reducing means operatively associated with said fluid pressure source for reducing the fluid pressure applied to said relief valve and operable in response to a change in a physical condition monitored by said pressure reducing means to open said relief valve responsive to a predetermined change in such physical condition to increase flow of fluids through said tubing string and said safety valve to cause said safety valve to close.

3. A fluid flow control system for a well tubing string comprising: subsurface safety valve connected in said tubing string and having means responsive to a predetermined maximum rate of flow through said safety valve for closing of said subsurface safety valve; a flow control choke connected to the upper end of said tubing string to control flow through said tubing string; a relief flow line connected into said tubing string between said choke and said subsurface safety valve, said relief flow line having sufficient fluid conducting capacity to conduct fluid at a sufficient rate to effect closing of said subsurface safety valve; a relief valve connected in said relief line, said relief valve having a gate actuatable in one direction to open said relief valve by resilient means and actuatable in the other direction to hold said relief valve closed responsive to fluid pressure in ya cylinder enclosing a piston connected with said gate; a fluid pressure source connected with said cylinder to provide a source of fluid pressure independent of the fluid pressure within said tubing string to hold said gate in a closed position; and pressure reducing means operatively connected with said source of fluid pressure and operable in response to a predetermined change in a physical condition monitored by said pressure reducing means for reducing the pressure within said cylinder of said relief valve to permit Said resilient means to open said relief valve responsive to such predetermined change in such physical condition monitored by said pressure reducing means to increase the rate of flow through said safety valve to close said safety valve.

4. A iluid ilow control system for a well tubing string comprising: a subsurface safety valve connected in said tubing string and having means responsive to a maximum flow rate through said safety valve for closing of said safety valve, said well having a well head at the upper end of said tubing string including a choke to control the fluid flow rate through said tubing string and a master valve for shutting off flow through said tubing string upstream of said choke; a lluid relief ilow line connected into said tubing string between said master valve and said subsurface safety valve, said relief flow line having suficient flow conducting capacity to conduct iluid at a sufficient flow rate to effect closing of said subsurface safety valve in the absence of iluid flow from said tubing string through said choke; a tubing relief valve connected in said relief iloW line, said tubing relief valve being biased toward an open position and being holdable at a closed position responsive to fluid pressure; `a iluid pressure source connected with said tubing relief valve to provide a source of iluid pressure independent of the fluid pressure within said tubing string into said relief valve to hold said relief valve closed; and pressure reducing means operatively lconnected with said fluid pressure source for reducing the lluid pressure supplied to said relief valve responsive to a predetermined change in an operating condition monitored by said pressure reducing means to permit said relief valve to open to increase the flow rate through said tubing string to a rate sutlicient to effect closing of said subsurface safety valve.

5. A fiuid flow control system in accordance with claim 4 wherein said pressure reducing means comprises a temperature responsive valve adapted to reduce the fluid pressure supplied to said tubing relief valve responsive to a predetermined maximum temperature at said temperature responsive valve.

6. A iluid flow control system as defined in claim 4 wherein said pressure reducing means comprises an attitude responsive valve for reducing the iluid pressure supply to said tubing relief valve responsive to a change of attitude -of said attitude responsive valve beyond a predetermined degree.

7. A iluid flow control system as defined in Claim 4 wherein said pressure reducing means comprises a wind velocity responsive assembly adapted to reduce the pressure of the fluid supplied to said tubing relief valve in response to a predetermined maximum wind velocity at said well head.

8. A iluid flow control system for reducing pressure within the flow passage of a Well bore having a safety valve disposed therein operable responsive to a .predetermined maximum ilow rate condition of iluid flowing through said ilow passage for closing said safety valve, said control system comprising: ow control means at the upper end of said flow passage of said Well for controlling floW through said flow passage of said well bore; means connected with said flow passage upstream of said flow control means providing a relief fluid flow passage in communication with said flow passage of said well bore; relief valve means connected in said relief iluid ilow passage for controlling fluid flow through said relief ilow passage, said relief valve means having operating means operable to open said relief valve t0 permit iluid in said llow passage of said weil bore to llow through said relief flow passage t-o reduce the fluid pressure within said ilow passage and to increase the rate of flow of fluids within said flow passage of said well bore; and control means operable in response to a predetermined change in one or more physical conditions monitored by said control means connected with said operating means for actuating said relief valve means responsive to a predetermined change in one or more of said physical conditions monitored by said control means to open said relief flow passage to increase the flow rate through the safety valve in said Well for closing said safety valve.

9. A fluid ilow control system in accordance with claim 8 wherein said relief valve means is a gate valve biased in one direction by resilient means and actuatable in the other direction responsive to fluid pressure controlled by Said control means.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 267,796 11/1882 McKee 166-95 X 1,099,170 6/1914 Dunn 166-224 1,369,049 2/1921 Quick 166-45 X 1,671,511 5/1928 Carson 251-62 X 1,893,462 1/1933 Wait 251-28 X 2,587,212 2/ 1952 Placette 251-28 X 2,742,967 4/ 1956 Carpenter 166-45 X 2,831,539 4/1958 En Dean et al. 166-73 3,065,794 11/1962 Page 166-72 X 3,092,135 6/1963 Brown etal 251-62 X 3,156,300 11/1964 Page et al 166-72 X 3,157,233 11/1964 Sizer et al. 166-224 3,198,207 8/1965 Willis et al 137-4925 X 3,228,472 1/1966 Rhoads 166-75 X 3,244,399 12/1962 Jones et al 251-337 X 3,313,350 4/1967 Page 166-72 X CHARLES E. OCONNELL, Primary Examinez'.

IAN A. CALVERT, Assistant Examiner.

U.S. Cl. X.R.