US3415671A - Process and apparatus for producing high gloss coated paper - Google Patents

Process and apparatus for producing high gloss coated paper Download PDF

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Publication number
US3415671A
US3415671A US491138A US49113865A US3415671A US 3415671 A US3415671 A US 3415671A US 491138 A US491138 A US 491138A US 49113865 A US49113865 A US 49113865A US 3415671 A US3415671 A US 3415671A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
molding
web
coating
paper
drum
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US491138A
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English (en)
Inventor
John C Rice
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lowe Paper Co
Original Assignee
Lowe Paper Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL132988D priority Critical patent/NL132988C/xx
Priority to FI642791A priority patent/FI46423C/fi
Priority to DE1965L0050371 priority patent/DE1281258C2/de
Priority to AT635465A priority patent/AT279336B/de
Priority to US491138A priority patent/US3415671A/en
Application filed by Lowe Paper Co filed Critical Lowe Paper Co
Priority to NL6513110A priority patent/NL6513110A/xx
Priority to GB43028/65A priority patent/GB1082898A/en
Priority to FR34534A priority patent/FR1450095A/fr
Priority to SE13130/65A priority patent/SE322411B/xx
Priority to CH1401165A priority patent/CH438006A/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3415671A publication Critical patent/US3415671A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H25/00—After-treatment of paper not provided for in groups D21H17/00 - D21H23/00
    • D21H25/08—Rearranging applied substances, e.g. metering, smoothing; Removing excess material
    • D21H25/12—Rearranging applied substances, e.g. metering, smoothing; Removing excess material with an essentially cylindrical body, e.g. roll or rod
    • D21H25/14—Rearranging applied substances, e.g. metering, smoothing; Removing excess material with an essentially cylindrical body, e.g. roll or rod the body being a casting drum, a heated roll or a calender
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21G—CALENDERS; ACCESSORIES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINES
    • D21G9/00—Other accessories for paper-making machines
    • D21G9/009—Apparatus for glaze-coating paper webs
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to improvements in a method of producing paper products having a high gloss and smooth finish.
  • a slurry is first formed with water, the mass being then agitated to form a homogeneous mixture, whereupon it is applied to the paper surface by spraying or other known means of application.
  • the coated paper is then dried, subjected to a brushing operation, and finally molded against a polished metal surface with a resilient backing to maintain contact.
  • Another factor influencing the gloss of the paper product is the hardness of the resilient backing roll.
  • the object of the present invention to provide a process of producing paper products with a high gloss and smooth finish with the use of highly pigmented coating compositions by maintaining strictly controlled operating conditions in a continuous operational procedure.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the apparatus illustrating the overall arrangement of means for treating the web of paper and the several rollers for mov ing it through the apparatus;
  • FIG. 2 is a partial view of another embodiment of the apparatus.
  • the machine comprises a first coater hav ing two cooperating rollers 12, and a second coater having two cooperating rollers 14, through which a web of paper 10 is passed continuously from a source not shown.
  • a transfer roll 16 is next provided over which the coated web is conveyed to a drier 18. From the drier the web goes on over a roll 20 past a series of brushes 22.
  • Two guide rollers 24 and 26 convey the web to a number of burners 28, provided for preheating the web before it is passed on to the molding operation.
  • the web reaches the molding drum 30 over a roll 32; the drum is temperature controlled and arranged for cooperation with a pressure roller 34 provided with a resilient facing.
  • roller 36 takes the web up and conveys it over two direction changing rollers 38 to a pair of rollers 40 which serve for withdrawing the web which is then passed on to further conventional manufacturing stations.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the right hand portion of an apparatus in which the left-hand portion, i.e. the portion up to roll 32, is identical with that of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1.
  • 30 designates again the molding drum which is reached by the web over the roll 32; the pressure roller 34 is arranged for cooperation with the molding drum 30, as described above.
  • a sensing device e.g. an electric eye, which may comprise a source of light 54 and a plurality of sensing elements.
  • FIG. 2 two such sensing elements 50 and 52 are shown, between which the length of the loop may vary.
  • any desired number of elements could be provided in case a greater variation of the length of the loop is desirable.
  • the operator may receive a warning signal at an indicating device (not shown) connected to respond to said sensing element 50. He may then adjust the rewinding (or other) device for changing the speed of web withdrawal. Alternatively, the change of speed may be postponed until the level of the loop passes the sensing element 52.
  • automatic speed-changing means may be provided to respond to the different sensing means.
  • any excessive pulling out of the nip by other units e.g., wind-up rolls, pinch rolls, tension devices
  • the molding unit will then tend to push or extrude out the glazed paper from the nip rather than have it pulled out by foreign exertion.
  • the length of the loop may vary to a certain extent as long as the loop is capable of performing its main function, i.e. of reducing slippage.
  • the temperature and the moisture content of the coated surface at the molding nip between rollers and 34 are important that the molding should be effected before all the moisture has passed from the coating into the base stock. Since, as mentioned before, it is important that the molding should be effected before all the moisture has passed from the coating into the base stock, it has been found best to dry the coating by applying heat to the back of the incoming web in order to retain moisture in the coating rather than allow it to pass into the base stock. This is accomplished by the t arrangement of the burners 28 ahead of roller 32. It should, however, be understood that the heat can likewise be applied by other means, such as a steam-heated roller, or by infra-red radiation.
  • the over-all moisture content of the stock and the coating is between 9% and 11% by weight at the point when the coated paper reaches the brushes 22. More of this moisture is contained in the coating than in the base stock, and it is desirable to maintain that condition. Intense heat is therefore being applied to the back of the moving web where it passes the gas burners, whereby the temperature of the surface is raised just before it reaches the molding nip, while, at the same time, moisture is being driven toward the coated surface. Molding can then be effected at higher speeds than usual with a minimum danger of the stock sticking to the molding surface.
  • the moisture content of the paper and coating came to equilibrium between the coating and finishing operations. It was, therefore, necessary to run at slower speed in order to prevent sticking of the coating when a high moisture content (such as 12%) was used during molding.
  • the new machine is designed to retain as much moisture in the coating layer as practicable while simultaneously keeping the base stock moisture low. This is accomplished by molding immediately after coating before the moisture from the coating has penetrated completely into the base stock by drying from the back and by pre-he'aters on the back of the web immediately preceding the molding drum. Under these conditions an overall moisture content of base stock plus coating might be 8%, but the moisture of the coating layer at this point is estimated at 12%. In this way, the small amount of water contained in the coating is evaporated into the dry base stock quickly, permitting separation from the drum without sticking at a faster speed.
  • the optimum temperature of the coated surface ranges from 155 to 165 F., just before it reaches the molding nip. This temperature can be adjusted by arranging the proper number of burners or other heating means, and providing thermostatic temperature control for the desired degree of temperature once it is reached.
  • the calender is designed for a pressure range from 760 to 1600 lbs./lin. inch.
  • the normal operating pressure is 1000 to 1200 lbs./lin. inch.
  • the optimum temperature of the drum surface this ranges from 215 to 225 F.
  • the drum may either be heated internally by superheated steam of the required temperature, or controlled gas heating means or electrical means may be applied for this purpose.
  • the gloss of the paper ranges from 50-55 on a Gardner 20 Gloss Meter.
  • the drum diameter is, of course, not limited to 45".
  • a molding operation can be carried out at a higher speed if a larger diameter drum is used.
  • the speed can be calculated in terms of dwell time of the paper in contact with the drum surface. In other words, a drum having twice the diameter, assuming the same amount of wrap, is capable of producing the same gloss at twice the speed.
  • the gloss of the paper product is, furthermore, influenced by the hardness of the backing roll which forms the nip with the molding roll.
  • the backing roll is a steel roll with a covering of rubber or other resilient material.
  • the thickness of the covering is from to 1, the preferred value being /8".
  • the hardness of the layer measured by P & I plastometer ranges from 4-12, the preferred range being 4-8, which we found will produce highest gloss and smoothest surface.
  • the length of the loop may vary.
  • the leg of the loop must be long enough to act as a counterbalance preventing the coated paper or board from adhering to the polished drum and doubling back into the nip.
  • This force-weight-counterbalance relationship will vary with the type of base stock being used (e.g., paper vs. board), speed, drum diameter and possibly winder tension before the molding unit. (See the specific example below.)
  • the paper products to be produced contain a large amount of pigments consisting of fine clay and/or other pigments.
  • the clay and other pigments constitute at least of the composition.
  • Other pigments such as titanium dioxide, zinc sulfide, calcium carbonate, etc. may be added to improve brightness, opacity, or ink receptivity of the coating.
  • the coating formulation preferably contains a non-thermoplastic adhesive such as protein, casein, polyvinyl alcohol, etc. to improve adhesion to the substrate.
  • the preferred range for the adhesion is 1 to 5% of the weight of clay plus pigment.
  • Thermoplastic polymers such as acrylics, vinyl copolymers and synthetic rubber polymers are an essential part of the coating composition.
  • the preferred range for the thermoplastic polymer is between 10 and 15% base on the weight of the clay plus pigment.
  • the total of thermoplastic polymer and adhesive comprises from 12 to 20% of the weight of the clay plus pigment.
  • Formula 1 Parts Kaolin clap 80.0 Rutile TiO 20.0 Acrylic latex 12.6 Casein 2.3 Microcrystalline wax 3.2 Calcium stear-ate 1.0 Water 110.0 Weight coat 4-5 lbs. pigment/1000 sq. ft.
  • Kaolin clay 75 Talc 5 Anatase Ti0 20 Styrene butadiene 10 Polyvinyl acetate 5 Casein 2 Microcrystalline wax 1.5 Calcium stearate 1.3 Water 135 Weight coat 3 /z-4 /2 lbs/1000 sq. ft.
  • the paper products made in accordance with the invention have an improved gloss which on 21 Gardner 20 Gloss Meter gives a reading that ranges from 45-60.
  • loW tension withdrawing is effected bymaking the web leaving the molding station form a loop located immediately after the molding station and of predetermined length by dropping under its own weight.
  • An apparatus for producing paper products having a high gloss and smooth finish by the use of highly pigmented coating compositions which comprises in combination means for applying and drying said coating composition on a web of paper, means for polishing the coated surface, means for pro-heating said web from the uncoated side to heat the coated surface to a temperature to facilitate evaporation of water in the coating during subsequent molding and to prevent a major amount of water from migrating from the coating composition into the paper base before molding takes place, a polished metal drum and a backing roll arranged for cooperation for molding said coating, means for feeding the web product through said apparatus in continuous flow so that the coated web is fed to said drum and said backing roll while in the pre-heated state and means for withdrawing the web from the molding station under tension sutficiently low to prevent slippage of the web in the molding station, said withdrawing means comprising means for permitting the web to drop under its own weight immediately after the molding station to form a loop and for regulating the length of said loop.

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US491138A 1964-10-12 1965-09-29 Process and apparatus for producing high gloss coated paper Expired - Lifetime US3415671A (en)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL132988D NL132988C (forum.php) 1964-10-12
FI642791A FI46423C (fi) 1964-10-12 1964-12-31 Menetelmä ja laite korkeakiiltoisten ja sileäpintaisten paperituotteid en valmistamiseksi.
DE1965L0050371 DE1281258C2 (de) 1964-10-12 1965-04-02 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung hochglaenzender Streichpapiere
AT635465A AT279336B (de) 1964-10-12 1965-07-12 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Papierprodukten, wie Papierbahnen u. dgl., mit hochglänzender glatter Oberfläche
US491138A US3415671A (en) 1964-10-12 1965-09-29 Process and apparatus for producing high gloss coated paper
NL6513110A NL6513110A (forum.php) 1964-10-12 1965-10-08
GB43028/65A GB1082898A (en) 1964-10-12 1965-10-11 Production of paper products
FR34534A FR1450095A (fr) 1964-10-12 1965-10-11 Procédé de fabrication de papier glacé
SE13130/65A SE322411B (forum.php) 1964-10-12 1965-10-11
CH1401165A CH438006A (de) 1964-10-12 1965-10-12 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Papierprodukten mit glatter Oberfläche und Hochglanz und Einrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US40324264A 1964-10-12 1964-10-12
US491138A US3415671A (en) 1964-10-12 1965-09-29 Process and apparatus for producing high gloss coated paper

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3415671A true US3415671A (en) 1968-12-10

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US491138A Expired - Lifetime US3415671A (en) 1964-10-12 1965-09-29 Process and apparatus for producing high gloss coated paper

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US3415671A (forum.php)
AT (1) AT279336B (forum.php)
CH (1) CH438006A (forum.php)
DE (1) DE1281258C2 (forum.php)
FI (1) FI46423C (forum.php)
FR (1) FR1450095A (forum.php)
GB (1) GB1082898A (forum.php)
NL (2) NL6513110A (forum.php)
SE (1) SE322411B (forum.php)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3714107A (en) * 1968-05-29 1973-01-30 Scott Paper Co High solids coating composition
US3889270A (en) * 1972-07-15 1975-06-10 Agfa Gevaert Ag Ink jet recording material
US3910230A (en) * 1974-03-08 1975-10-07 Harry L Mercer Apparatus for applying liquid to textile fabrics and the like
US4154899A (en) * 1971-11-05 1979-05-15 Potlatch Forests, Inc. Production of porous, smooth, coated paper using high solids water-based coating compositions in blade coating apparatus
US5102502A (en) * 1989-06-16 1992-04-07 Kammerer Gmbh Manufacture of highly compressed paper containing synthetic fibers
US5196241A (en) * 1991-04-08 1993-03-23 Tektronix, Inc. Method for processing substrates printed with phase-change inks
US5895542A (en) * 1994-11-23 1999-04-20 Appleton Papers Incorporated Coater and a method for coating a substrate
US6656545B1 (en) 1997-06-13 2003-12-02 Stora Enso North America Corporation Low pH coating composition for ink jet recording medium and method
US6713550B2 (en) 1996-06-28 2004-03-30 Stora Enso North America Corporation Method for making a high solids interactive coating composition and ink jet recording medium
US6808767B2 (en) 2001-04-19 2004-10-26 Stora Enso North America Corporation High gloss ink jet recording media
US20050236400A1 (en) * 2000-11-29 2005-10-27 Abbott Richard C Resistive heaters and uses thereof

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1315192A (en) * 1969-06-25 1973-04-26 Scott Paper Co Coated paper and method of making same
GB1413656A (en) * 1972-03-08 1975-11-12 Star Paper Ltd Plastics coating
DE3687729T2 (de) * 1985-02-08 1993-06-09 Mitsubishi Paper Mills Ltd Papierherstellungsverfahren.

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1583788A (en) * 1924-10-20 1926-05-11 Alexander G Gilman Method of and apparatus for finishing paper
US2829980A (en) * 1953-12-21 1958-04-08 Mead Corp Method of coating and smoothing paper
US3015581A (en) * 1959-07-07 1962-01-02 Lowe Paper Co Rapid drying of adhesive and clay coatings on fibrous backings

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1583788A (en) * 1924-10-20 1926-05-11 Alexander G Gilman Method of and apparatus for finishing paper
US2829980A (en) * 1953-12-21 1958-04-08 Mead Corp Method of coating and smoothing paper
US3015581A (en) * 1959-07-07 1962-01-02 Lowe Paper Co Rapid drying of adhesive and clay coatings on fibrous backings

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3714107A (en) * 1968-05-29 1973-01-30 Scott Paper Co High solids coating composition
US4154899A (en) * 1971-11-05 1979-05-15 Potlatch Forests, Inc. Production of porous, smooth, coated paper using high solids water-based coating compositions in blade coating apparatus
US3889270A (en) * 1972-07-15 1975-06-10 Agfa Gevaert Ag Ink jet recording material
US3910230A (en) * 1974-03-08 1975-10-07 Harry L Mercer Apparatus for applying liquid to textile fabrics and the like
US5102502A (en) * 1989-06-16 1992-04-07 Kammerer Gmbh Manufacture of highly compressed paper containing synthetic fibers
US5196241A (en) * 1991-04-08 1993-03-23 Tektronix, Inc. Method for processing substrates printed with phase-change inks
US5895542A (en) * 1994-11-23 1999-04-20 Appleton Papers Incorporated Coater and a method for coating a substrate
US6713550B2 (en) 1996-06-28 2004-03-30 Stora Enso North America Corporation Method for making a high solids interactive coating composition and ink jet recording medium
US6656545B1 (en) 1997-06-13 2003-12-02 Stora Enso North America Corporation Low pH coating composition for ink jet recording medium and method
US20050236400A1 (en) * 2000-11-29 2005-10-27 Abbott Richard C Resistive heaters and uses thereof
US6808767B2 (en) 2001-04-19 2004-10-26 Stora Enso North America Corporation High gloss ink jet recording media

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1450095A (fr) 1966-05-06
GB1082898A (en) 1967-09-13
AT279336B (de) 1970-03-10
DE1281258C2 (de) 1973-08-09
SE322411B (forum.php) 1970-04-06
NL6513110A (forum.php) 1966-04-13
FI46423C (fi) 1973-03-12
DE1281258B (de) 1968-10-24
NL132988C (forum.php)
FI46423B (forum.php) 1972-11-30
CH438006A (de) 1967-06-15

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