US3415042A - Centrifugal separator vessel - Google Patents

Centrifugal separator vessel Download PDF

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Publication number
US3415042A
US3415042A US541360A US54136066A US3415042A US 3415042 A US3415042 A US 3415042A US 541360 A US541360 A US 541360A US 54136066 A US54136066 A US 54136066A US 3415042 A US3415042 A US 3415042A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
casing
vessel
gas
outer vessel
chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US541360A
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English (en)
Inventor
Joseph G Wilson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shell USA Inc
Original Assignee
Shell Oil Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shell Oil Co filed Critical Shell Oil Co
Priority to US541360A priority Critical patent/US3415042A/en
Priority to NL6704815A priority patent/NL6704815A/xx
Priority to AT330267A priority patent/AT275482B/de
Priority to FR101706A priority patent/FR1517649A/fr
Priority to GB15897/67A priority patent/GB1140983A/en
Priority to BE696686D priority patent/BE696686A/xx
Priority to DE19671607749 priority patent/DE1607749A1/de
Priority to US721902*A priority patent/US3541766A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3415042A publication Critical patent/US3415042A/en
Priority to US14848A priority patent/US3631657A/en
Priority to US25846A priority patent/US3642132A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
    • B04C5/24—Multiple arrangement thereof
    • B04C5/28—Multiple arrangement thereof for parallel flow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/005—Separating solid material from the gas/liquid stream

Definitions

  • This invention relates to centrifugal separators of the type employing a plurality of tubular separators mounted within a single casing for parallel-flow operation, e.g., for removing catalyst particles from hydrocarbon vapors or from combustion products. More particularly, this invention relates to an improved supporting vessel for this type of centrifugal separator which can withstand high temperature and high pressure operations.
  • the instant apparatus for cleaning gases includes an outer pressure-retaining vessel completely enclosing an inner casing internally suspended Within the outer vessel.
  • the inner casing performs substantially the same function as the single casing of the prior art arrangements, being divided into operational chambers, e.g., a gas inlet chamber and a clean gas outlet chamber, and supporting a plurality of individual centrifugal separators.
  • This inner casing is arranged within the outer vessel in such a way that an annular space exists therebetween.
  • Forming a portion of the connecting means between the casing and outer vessel is an expansion joint which, in conjunction with the annular space between the casing and vessel, permits ex pausion and contraction of the inner casing both vertically and horizontally during high temperature and high pres- 3,415,042 Patented Dec. 10, 1968 sure operations without damaging the outer pressure retaining vessel.
  • FIGURE 1 is a vertical sectional view through the complete apparatus of one embodiment of the invention.
  • FIGURE 2 is a vertical sectional view of another embodiment of the invention.
  • FIGURE 3 is a vertical sectional view of still another embodiment of the invention.
  • FIGURE 1 shows an outer pressure-retaining vessel, or housing 5 having a clean-gas outlet nozzle 6 and a bottom outlet opening 7 therein, the bottom outlet opening being in communication with a duct 7 which extends downwardly therefrom.
  • a layer of insulating material 8 Around the inside of vessel 5 there may be a layer of insulating material 8.
  • the outer vessel 5 is externally supported at points 9 (actual supporting apparatus not shown).
  • an inner vessel, or casing 10 Internally suspended within vessel 5 is an inner vessel, or casing 10 having an upper frusto-conical support section 11 with openings 12 therethrough, a cylindrical section 13 and a frusto-conical bottom section 14, to which is connected a discharge duct 15 which extends downwardly from an opening in the section 14 through the bottom outlet opening 7 and duct 7 of the outer vessel 5 and is connected to the outer vessel 5 by an expansion joint 31 and flange 15'.
  • the casing 10 is symmetrically suspended within housing 5; that is, the longitudinal axis of casing 10 is coincident with the longitudinal axis of housing 5.
  • the casing 10 contains upper and lower transverse partitions 16 and 17 within the cylindrical section 13 which divide the casing into a first upper clean-gas outlet chamber 18, a second intermediate inlet chamber 19 and a third lower collection chamber 20 forming a particle and blow-down gas collecting means.
  • the partitions 16 and 17 are preferably dished for structural reasons.
  • An inlet duct 21 extends downwardly through the top of the outer vessel 5, the top of the casing 10 and through the upper partition 16 at the central axis and is provided at the bottom with a bottom closure 22 which forms a sump below the bottom of the inlet chamber 19.
  • Insulation material 8' may be provided in the upper part 21. of the inlet duct, which preferably is of increased diameter.
  • the duct 21 has side openings 24, preferably covered by screens 25, for the passage of inlet gas, burdened with solids, from the duct into the inlet chamber 19. Coarse particles are prevented by these screens from entering the inlet chamber and fall into the sump.
  • a plurality of tubular centrifugal separators 26 are mounted with their axes vertical in closely adjacent relation around the inlet duct 21, only two of which are shown to each side of duct 21 in FIGURE 1.
  • the design of the individual centrifugal :separators does not form a part of this invention and such separators can be of any suitable design, e.g., like the centrifugal separators disclosed in US. application, Ser. No. 35 8,742 filed Apr. 10, 1964, now abandoned; US. patent to Dygert et al., No. 2,941,621; or US. patent to Bjorklund, No. 2,986,278.
  • each separator includes an outer tube 27 which extends downwardly in sealed relation through a hole in the lower partition 17 to which it is fixed, e.g., by welding, and has the lower end thereof covered by a discharge cap 28 which traps the solid particles and blow-down gas descending the tube and discharges them into the collection chamber 20 through openings in the cap.
  • Each separator further includes an inner tube 29 of lesser diameter than and concentrically within the outer tube and extending upwardly through a hole in the partition 16, and swirl producing means 27',
  • Each inner tube 29 has an annular support plate 29' welded thereto and resting on partition 16, the swirl producing means being slidable within the outer tube.
  • the feed gas, containing suspended particles is admitted through the inlet duct 21 from a feed gas source, e.g., a regenerator, and flows radially outthrough the holes 24 covered by screens 25 into the inlet chamber 19, together with particles small enough to pass the screen.
  • the gas then enters the several tubes 27 spaced about the inlet duct, assuming a swirling motion upon passing the swirl producting means 27' whereby the particles are hurled by centrifugal force against the walls of the outer tubes.
  • the central cores of clean gas ascend through the inner tubes 29 into the outlet chamber 18, from which the gas is discharged through openings 12 in the casing to the clean gas outlet nozzle 6 of the outer vessel which leads to an expander (not shown).
  • the separated particles descend to the bottoms of the outer tubes and are discharged together with blow-down gas through the discharge caps 28 into the collection chamber 20.
  • Expansion joint 31 includes an expandable section 32, e.g., formed of a corrugated tube, which is rigidly fixed at the bottom thereof to flange of the lower end of discharge duct 15 and at the top to the wall of the outer vessel 5 so that the expandable section 32 is outside of and surrounding duct 15.
  • expandable section 32 e.g., formed of a corrugated tube
  • a guide element such as the hub of aspider 33 which is fixed to the inside of the outer vessel adjacent the bottom outlet opening 7.
  • a steam purge nozzle 34 for the expansion joint is provided along with a critical flow exhaust nozzle 35, which is used to continually or intermittenly purge the annular space 30 by exhausting therethrough a small amount of gas from the clean gas outflow.
  • the outer pressureretaining vessel 36 has a clean-gas outlet nozzle 37 and a bottom outlet nozzle 38 therein.
  • the inside of vessel 36 is preferably covered with a layer of insulating material 39.
  • the external support for vessel 36 is centered at points 40 (actual supporting apparatus not shown).
  • Internally and symmetrically suspended within the outer vessel is an inner casing 41 containing a plurality of tubular separators 42.
  • These .tubular separators are of the same type utilized in the first embodiment, each separator including an outer tube, an inner tube, swirl-producing means therebetween and a discharge cap at the bottom of the outer tube.
  • first upper clean gas outlet chamber 48 and a second intermediate inlet chamber 45 are carried within the casing by upper and lower transverse partitions 43 and 44 which form a first upper clean gas outlet chamber 48 and a second intermediate inlet chamber 45.
  • the operating load and weight of the inner casing are transferred by a circumferentially continuous skirt support 46 to the outer vessel at an annular insulated junction 47.
  • annular space 49 Between the continuous casing-skirt support surface and the wall of outer vessel 36, below insulated junction 47, is an annular space 49.
  • third collection chamber 50 formed by the lower portion or" vessel 36 which opens into bottom outlet nozzle 38.
  • An inlet duct 51 extends downwardly through the top of the outer vessel 36 and through the upper partition 43 at the central axis and is provided with a bottom closure 52 which forms a sump below the bottom of the inlet chamber 45.
  • Duct 51 has side openings 53, preferably covered by screens 54, for the passage of inlet gas, burdened with solids, from the duct into the inlet chamber 45, as described with reference to FIGURE 1.
  • Forming a section of the duct 51 between the top of the outer vessel and partition 43 is an expansion joint, e.g., a circumferential rugation 55. This expansion joint performs the same function as expansion joint 31 in the first embodiment.
  • Feed gas burdened with particles enters the inlet duct from a source, such as a regenerator, and passes into the inlet chamber through openings 53 in the duct.
  • the gas then enters the outer tubes of separators 42 and passes through swirl-producing means therein. Clean gas ascends through the inner tubes into the outlet chamber 48 and through nozzle 37 to an expander (not shown) while the particles and blow-down gas are discharged into collecting chamber through discharge caps in the bottoms of the outer tubes.
  • the high temperature and high pressure gaseous environment created during operation will cause casing 41 to expand.
  • the annular space 49 around the casing and expansion joint 55 accommodate unconstrained vertical and horizontal expansion of the casing with reference to the outer vessel.
  • FIGURE 3 shows a catalyst separator casing symmetrically suspended within a catalyst regenerator vessel 61.
  • a plurality of tubular separators 62 are carried within casing 60 by upper and lower partitions 63 and 64 which form an intermediate inlet chamber 65.
  • the operating load and weight of the inner casing are transferred to the outer vessel at the welded junction 60' which is similiar to welded junction 23 in FIGURE 1.
  • any suitable support means would be acceptable, e.g., the weight can be transferred to the outer vessel by a circumferentially continuous skirt support as shown in FIGURE 2.
  • Partitions 63 and 64 which support the individual separators 62 divide the casing into a first clean-gas outlet chamber 67 formed by the upper supporting section 68 of the casing, a second intermediate inlet chamber enclosed by a portion of the central cylindrical section 66 of the casing and a third collection chamber 69 formed by the lower enclosing section 70 of the casing which serves as a particle and blow-down gas collecting means.
  • Cleangas outlet chamber 67 connects with outlet nozzle 71 for exhausting clean gas from the system. Extending from a position within the collection chamber 69 through the intermediate inlet chamber 65 and clean-gas outlet chamber 67 and out the top of the separator device is an exhaust pipe 72.
  • an expansion joint e.g., a circumferential rugation 73.
  • a guide element such as the hub of a spider 74 which is fixed to the inside of section 70 of the casing near the bottom thereof.
  • the gas containing catalyst fines enters the device from below through a number of inlet pipes 75, only one of which is shown.
  • the catalyst laden gas flows into the intermediate inlet chamber 65 and into the tubular separators 62.
  • the catalyst-free gas flows upward through the inner tubes into clean-gas outlet chamber 67 and out nozzle 71 as previously described.
  • the gas containing the catalyst fines flows from the bottom of the tubular separators into collection chamber 69, and upwards through exhaust pipe 72.
  • Apparatus for cleaning gas comprising:
  • a hollow outer vessel having an inner wall and clean gas outlet communicating through the wall of the outer vessel with the interior of said outer vessel;
  • an inner casing attached to and supported by and within said outer vessel and having its vertical axis coincident with the vertical axis of said outer vessel;
  • said inner casing being spaced from, the inner wall of said outer vessel so as to form an annular space therebetween;
  • partition means within said inner casing sealingly dividing said inner easing into at least a pair of chambers;
  • the first of said chambers having an opening communicating with the clean gas outlet of the outer vessel;
  • a gas inlet operatively engaging the second chamber for introducing gas burdened with particles into said second chamber
  • each of said separators having an outer first tube with its upper end communicating with the interior of the second of said chambers;
  • particle and blowdown gas collecting means located within said vessel and communicating with openings in the lower ends of the outer tubes of said separators;
  • each of said separators further including a second tube mounted within each of said outer tubes and having its upper end communicating with the interior of the second of said chambers;
  • swirl-producing means located between said first and second tubes for producing a swirling motion to gas introduced within said first tubes
  • expandable structural means operatively engaging said inner casing and adapted to allow the inner casing to substantially expand and contract under apparatus operating conditions without damaging the structure of the outer vessel;
  • a particle and blowdown gas outlet operatively engaging said outer vessel and communicating with said particle and blowdown gas collecting means for removing particles and blowdown gas from apparatus;
  • said particle and blowdown gas collecting means being a collection chamber formed by a lower portion of said inner casing
  • said particle and blowdown gas outlet being a discharge duct extending through an outlet opening in the outer vessel
  • said expandable structural means being an expansion joint connected at one end thereof to the outer vessel adjacent the outlet opening in the outer vessel and at the other end to the end of the discharge duct extending away from said collection chamber whereby the inner casing and discharge duct are free to expand and contract substantially without damaging the outer vessel as the discharge duct slides within said outlet opening.
  • the apparatus of claim 1 further including:
  • support means operatively engaging said outer vessel for supporting said apparatus
  • purging means operatively engaging both the expansion joint and the annular space formed within the interior of said outer vessel for purging both the annular space and the expansion joint;
  • insulating means operatively engaging the inner wall of said outer vessel for insulating said outer vessel.
  • said gas inlet to the second of said chambers includes: a gas inlet duct operatively engaging the outer vessel and extending from the upper portion of said outer vessel to the second of said chambers; and
  • upward movement limiting means on the extreme end of the discharge duct remote from the collection chamber for limiting the degree of upward movement of the discharge duct within the outlet opening.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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US541360A 1966-04-08 1966-04-08 Centrifugal separator vessel Expired - Lifetime US3415042A (en)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US541360A US3415042A (en) 1966-04-08 1966-04-08 Centrifugal separator vessel
NL6704815A NL6704815A (de) 1966-04-08 1967-04-05
FR101706A FR1517649A (fr) 1966-04-08 1967-04-06 Enceinte de séparation centrifuge
GB15897/67A GB1140983A (en) 1966-04-08 1967-04-06 Centrifugal separator vessel
AT330267A AT275482B (de) 1966-04-08 1967-04-06 Apparat zum Reinigen von Gas
BE696686D BE696686A (de) 1966-04-08 1967-04-06
DE19671607749 DE1607749A1 (de) 1966-04-08 1967-04-06 Apparat zum Reinigen von Gas
US721902*A US3541766A (en) 1966-04-08 1968-01-19 Centrifugal separator vessel
US14848A US3631657A (en) 1966-04-08 1970-02-16 Centrifugal separator vessel
US25846A US3642132A (en) 1966-04-08 1970-04-06 Adjustable hard ceramic underflow outlet for hydrocyclone

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US541360A US3415042A (en) 1966-04-08 1966-04-08 Centrifugal separator vessel

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US3415042A true US3415042A (en) 1968-12-10

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US541360A Expired - Lifetime US3415042A (en) 1966-04-08 1966-04-08 Centrifugal separator vessel

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AT (1) AT275482B (de)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3672502A (en) * 1970-03-27 1972-06-27 Polysius Gmbh Apparatus for purifying dust loaded waste gases
US4257788A (en) * 1979-04-16 1981-03-24 Nicholas Nassir Power recovery hot gas separator
US4279624A (en) * 1978-09-28 1981-07-21 Wilson Joseph G Downflow separator method and apparatus
US4285706A (en) * 1979-03-20 1981-08-25 Dehne Manfred F Particulate filtration device
US5178648A (en) * 1991-07-10 1993-01-12 Emtrol Corporation Particulate filtration apparatus and method
US5328592A (en) * 1992-12-24 1994-07-12 Uop FCC reactor with tube sheet separation
US6174339B1 (en) 1999-03-16 2001-01-16 Uop Llc Multiple separator arrangement for fluid-particle separation
US20130152525A1 (en) * 2011-12-16 2013-06-20 Uop Llc Gas-solids separation units and methods for the manufacture thereof
WO2016156947A1 (en) * 2015-03-30 2016-10-06 Reliance Industries Limited A gas-solid separator and a process for gas-solid separation
US20180043292A1 (en) * 2015-03-03 2018-02-15 Shell Oil Company Swirl tube separators

Citations (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1311573A (en) * 1919-07-29 Of one-hals to arthur c
US1353431A (en) * 1919-09-23 1920-09-21 James F Sims Dust-collector
GB218811A (en) * 1923-06-09 1924-07-17 John Herbert Hannan Improvements in connection with steam generators for drying and purifying the steam
US2235892A (en) * 1938-08-18 1941-03-25 Riley Stoker Corp Separator
US2352038A (en) * 1939-12-06 1944-06-20 Tolke Friedrich Resilient tubular body
US2462193A (en) * 1945-04-09 1949-02-22 Universal Oil Prod Co Catalyst regenerator and recovery apparatus
US2490798A (en) * 1942-12-30 1949-12-13 Standard Oil Dev Co Apparatus and process for catalytic reactions
US2506293A (en) * 1946-12-26 1950-05-02 Standard Oil Dev Co Expansion joint
US2553175A (en) * 1949-02-01 1951-05-15 Beaumont Birch Company Apparatus for collecting ash and dust
US2688588A (en) * 1950-05-03 1954-09-07 Deep Rock Oil Corp Process for handling gas-particle mixtures in the catalytic conversion of hydrocarbons
US2901332A (en) * 1956-09-28 1959-08-25 Standard Oil Co Grid support and seal for fluidized solids systems
US2986278A (en) * 1957-07-19 1961-05-30 Shell Oil Co Centrifugal separators
CA641422A (en) * 1962-05-22 F. F. Castellani Pio Centrifugal separation
US3083082A (en) * 1957-12-19 1963-03-26 Exxon Research Engineering Co Fluidized solids recovery system
US3254476A (en) * 1962-03-16 1966-06-07 Phillips Petroleum Co Expansion joint

Patent Citations (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1311573A (en) * 1919-07-29 Of one-hals to arthur c
CA641422A (en) * 1962-05-22 F. F. Castellani Pio Centrifugal separation
US1353431A (en) * 1919-09-23 1920-09-21 James F Sims Dust-collector
GB218811A (en) * 1923-06-09 1924-07-17 John Herbert Hannan Improvements in connection with steam generators for drying and purifying the steam
US2235892A (en) * 1938-08-18 1941-03-25 Riley Stoker Corp Separator
US2352038A (en) * 1939-12-06 1944-06-20 Tolke Friedrich Resilient tubular body
US2490798A (en) * 1942-12-30 1949-12-13 Standard Oil Dev Co Apparatus and process for catalytic reactions
US2462193A (en) * 1945-04-09 1949-02-22 Universal Oil Prod Co Catalyst regenerator and recovery apparatus
US2506293A (en) * 1946-12-26 1950-05-02 Standard Oil Dev Co Expansion joint
US2553175A (en) * 1949-02-01 1951-05-15 Beaumont Birch Company Apparatus for collecting ash and dust
US2688588A (en) * 1950-05-03 1954-09-07 Deep Rock Oil Corp Process for handling gas-particle mixtures in the catalytic conversion of hydrocarbons
US2901332A (en) * 1956-09-28 1959-08-25 Standard Oil Co Grid support and seal for fluidized solids systems
US2986278A (en) * 1957-07-19 1961-05-30 Shell Oil Co Centrifugal separators
US3083082A (en) * 1957-12-19 1963-03-26 Exxon Research Engineering Co Fluidized solids recovery system
US3254476A (en) * 1962-03-16 1966-06-07 Phillips Petroleum Co Expansion joint

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3672502A (en) * 1970-03-27 1972-06-27 Polysius Gmbh Apparatus for purifying dust loaded waste gases
US4279624A (en) * 1978-09-28 1981-07-21 Wilson Joseph G Downflow separator method and apparatus
US4285706A (en) * 1979-03-20 1981-08-25 Dehne Manfred F Particulate filtration device
US4257788A (en) * 1979-04-16 1981-03-24 Nicholas Nassir Power recovery hot gas separator
US5178648A (en) * 1991-07-10 1993-01-12 Emtrol Corporation Particulate filtration apparatus and method
US5328592A (en) * 1992-12-24 1994-07-12 Uop FCC reactor with tube sheet separation
US6174339B1 (en) 1999-03-16 2001-01-16 Uop Llc Multiple separator arrangement for fluid-particle separation
US20130152525A1 (en) * 2011-12-16 2013-06-20 Uop Llc Gas-solids separation units and methods for the manufacture thereof
US8747504B2 (en) * 2011-12-16 2014-06-10 Uop Llc Gas-solids separation units and methods for the manufacture thereof
US20180043292A1 (en) * 2015-03-03 2018-02-15 Shell Oil Company Swirl tube separators
WO2016156947A1 (en) * 2015-03-30 2016-10-06 Reliance Industries Limited A gas-solid separator and a process for gas-solid separation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT275482B (de) 1969-10-27

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