US3415042A

US3415042A - Centrifugal separator vessel

Info

Publication number: US3415042A
Application number: US541360A
Authority: US
Inventors: Joseph G Wilson
Original assignee: Shell Oil Co
Current assignee: Shell USA Inc
Priority date: 1966-04-08
Filing date: 1966-04-08
Publication date: 1968-12-10
Anticipated expiration: 1985-12-10
Also published as: AT275482B

Description

1968 J. G. WILSON I 3,415,042

CENTRIFUGAL SEPARATQR VESSEL Filed April 8, 1966 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 FIG. I

VINVENTOR:

JOSEPH G. WILSON Bud. [4. 1%

HIS AGENT Dec. 10, 1968 J. 6. WILSON CENTRIFUGAL SEPARATOR VESSEL 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed April 8, 1966 FIG.

INVENTOR:

JOSEPH 6. WILSON BY: 9

HIS AGENT Dec. 10, 1968 J. G. WILSON 3,415,042

CENTRIFUGAL SEPARATOR VES SEL Filed April 8, 1966 v 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTORI JOSEPH G. WILSON BY: Hf a HIS AGENT United States Patent M 3,415,042 CENTRIFUGAL SEPARATOR VESSEL Joseph G. Wilson, New York, N.Y., assignor to Shell Oil Company, New York, N.Y., a corporation of Delaware Filed Apr. 8, 1966, Ser. No. 541,360

3 Claims. (Cl. 55-348) ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A centrifugal separator wherein a casing having a plurality of tubular separators and associated apparatus is internally and symmetrically suspended within an outer pressure retaining vessel leaving an annular space therebetween which cooperates with an expansion joint interconnected between the casing and the outer vessel to accommodate unconstrained vertical and horizontal expansion of the casing within the outer vessel in order to reduce thermal stresses upon the latter.

This invention relates to centrifugal separators of the type employing a plurality of tubular separators mounted within a single casing for parallel-flow operation, e.g., for removing catalyst particles from hydrocarbon vapors or from combustion products. More particularly, this invention relates to an improved supporting vessel for this type of centrifugal separator which can withstand high temperature and high pressure operations.

It is known to mount a number of small-diameter tubular separators within a casing having an inlet chamber from which the particle-ladened gas is supplied to the sev eral separators and a clean-gas outlet chamber into which the separators discharge, the separators having outlets through which the separated particles are discharged together with a minor fraction, e.g., 1-10%, of the gas, herein called blow-down gas. Usually, with this type of arrangement, a single casing is used to enclose these various chambers and the supporting mechanism for the plurality of individual tubular separators employed. Such an arrangement is shown in US. Patents 2,941,621 and 2,986,278. It is found that on occasion this single casing of existing design fails structurally because of the metallurgical problems associated with operating in a high temperature and high pressure gaseous environment and changes in temperature and/ or pressure. These failures are attributable to the expansion and contraction of the internal metal work which comes into direct contact with the high temperature and high pressure gases. This expansion and contraction of the internal met-a1 work along with its Weight stresses the connecting joints where the internal metal work is joined to the single enclosing casing to such a degree that the joints become distorted or cracked, breaking the pressure seals and ruining the casing for future operations. It is the purpose of this invention to overcome the drawbacks associated with such single casing arrangements.

The instant apparatus for cleaning gases includes an outer pressure-retaining vessel completely enclosing an inner casing internally suspended Within the outer vessel. The inner casing performs substantially the same function as the single casing of the prior art arrangements, being divided into operational chambers, e.g., a gas inlet chamber and a clean gas outlet chamber, and supporting a plurality of individual centrifugal separators. This inner casing is arranged within the outer vessel in such a way that an annular space exists therebetween. Forming a portion of the connecting means between the casing and outer vessel is an expansion joint which, in conjunction with the annular space between the casing and vessel, permits ex pausion and contraction of the inner casing both vertically and horizontally during high temperature and high pres- 3,415,042 Patented Dec. 10, 1968 sure operations without damaging the outer pressure retaining vessel.

The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings wherein:

FIGURE 1 is a vertical sectional view through the complete apparatus of one embodiment of the invention;

FIGURE 2 is a vertical sectional view of another embodiment of the invention; and

FIGURE 3 is a vertical sectional view of still another embodiment of the invention.

Referring to the drawings in detail, FIGURE 1 shows an outer pressure-retaining vessel, or housing 5 having a clean-gas outlet nozzle 6 and a bottom outlet opening 7 therein, the bottom outlet opening being in communication with a duct 7 which extends downwardly therefrom. Around the inside of vessel 5 there may be a layer of insulating material 8. The outer vessel 5 is externally supported at points 9 (actual supporting apparatus not shown). Internally suspended within vessel 5 is an inner vessel, or casing 10 having an upper frusto-conical support section 11 with openings 12 therethrough, a cylindrical section 13 and a frusto-conical bottom section 14, to which is connected a discharge duct 15 which extends downwardly from an opening in the section 14 through the bottom outlet opening 7 and duct 7 of the outer vessel 5 and is connected to the outer vessel 5 by an expansion joint 31 and flange 15'. The casing 10 is symmetrically suspended within housing 5; that is, the longitudinal axis of casing 10 is coincident with the longitudinal axis of housing 5. The casing 10 contains upper and lower

transverse partitions

16 and 17 within the cylindrical section 13 which divide the casing into a first upper clean-gas outlet chamber 18, a second intermediate inlet chamber 19 and a third lower collection chamber 20 forming a particle and blow-down gas collecting means. The

partitions

16 and 17 are preferably dished for structural reasons. An inlet duct 21 extends downwardly through the top of the outer vessel 5, the top of the casing 10 and through the upper partition 16 at the central axis and is provided at the bottom with a bottom closure 22 which forms a sump below the bottom of the inlet chamber 19. The operating load and weight of the casing 10 is transferred to the outer vessel at the welded junction 23 through the inlet duct 21 from which the casing is supported. Insulation material 8' may be provided in the upper part 21. of the inlet duct, which preferably is of increased diameter.

The duct 21 has side openings 24, preferably covered by screens 25, for the passage of inlet gas, burdened with solids, from the duct into the inlet chamber 19. Coarse particles are prevented by these screens from entering the inlet chamber and fall into the sump.

A plurality of tubular centrifugal separators 26 are mounted with their axes vertical in closely adjacent relation around the inlet duct 21, only two of which are shown to each side of duct 21 in FIGURE 1. The design of the individual centrifugal :separators does not form a part of this invention and such separators can be of any suitable design, e.g., like the centrifugal separators disclosed in US. application, Ser. No. 35 8,742 filed Apr. 10, 1964, now abandoned; US. patent to Dygert et al., No. 2,941,621; or US. patent to Bjorklund, No. 2,986,278. As shown schematically in section in FIGURE 1, each separator includes an outer tube 27 which extends downwardly in sealed relation through a hole in the lower partition 17 to which it is fixed, e.g., by welding, and has the lower end thereof covered by a discharge cap 28 which traps the solid particles and blow-down gas descending the tube and discharges them into the collection chamber 20 through openings in the cap. Each separator further includes an inner tube 29 of lesser diameter than and concentrically within the outer tube and extending upwardly through a hole in the partition 16, and swirl producing means 27',

e.g., vanes, fixed to the inner tube and situated in the annular space between the inner and outer tubes, which impart a swirling motion to gas which flows downwards within the outer tube toward the discharge cap 28. Each inner tube 29 has an annular support plate 29' welded thereto and resting on partition 16, the swirl producing means being slidable within the outer tube.

In operation, the feed gas, containing suspended particles is admitted through the inlet duct 21 from a feed gas source, e.g., a regenerator, and flows radially outthrough the holes 24 covered by screens 25 into the inlet chamber 19, together with particles small enough to pass the screen. The gas then enters the several tubes 27 spaced about the inlet duct, assuming a swirling motion upon passing the swirl producting means 27' whereby the particles are hurled by centrifugal force against the walls of the outer tubes. The central cores of clean gas ascend through the inner tubes 29 into the outlet chamber 18, from which the gas is discharged through openings 12 in the casing to the clean gas outlet nozzle 6 of the outer vessel which leads to an expander (not shown). The separated particles descend to the bottoms of the outer tubes and are discharged together with blow-down gas through the discharge caps 28 into the collection chamber 20.

During high-temperature and high-pressure operations, the inner casing will be subject to thermal stresses causing expansion of the inner casing with reference to the outer vessel. To prevent the damage caused by such stresses in the single casing arrangements, the inner casing of the instant device is free to expand both vertically and horizontally within the outer vessel. An annular space 30 between the casing and the outer vessel 5 accommodates this movement in conjunction with an expansion joint 31. Expansion joint 31 includes an expandable section 32, e.g., formed of a corrugated tube, which is rigidly fixed at the bottom thereof to flange of the lower end of discharge duct 15 and at the top to the wall of the outer vessel 5 so that the expandable section 32 is outside of and surrounding duct 15. In sliding contact with discharge duct 15 within the annular space is a guide element such as the hub of aspider 33 which is fixed to the inside of the outer vessel adjacent the bottom outlet opening 7. A steam purge nozzle 34 for the expansion joint is provided along with a critical flow exhaust nozzle 35, which is used to continually or intermittenly purge the annular space 30 by exhausting therethrough a small amount of gas from the clean gas outflow. Thus, by this arrangement, the thermal stresses on the outer vessel are reduced by providing a steam-purged expansion joint and an annular clearance which accommodate unconstrained vertical and horizontal thermal expansion of the inner casing with reference to the outer vessel.

Referring to the embodiment shown in FIGURE 2, the arrangement and operation are basically the same as that shown in FIGURE 1 but certain structural differences exist which will now be described. The outer pressureretaining vessel 36 has a clean-gas outlet nozzle 37 and a bottom outlet nozzle 38 therein. The inside of vessel 36 is preferably covered with a layer of insulating material 39. The external support for vessel 36 is centered at points 40 (actual supporting apparatus not shown). Internally and symmetrically suspended within the outer vessel is an inner casing 41 containing a plurality of tubular separators 42. These .tubular separators are of the same type utilized in the first embodiment, each separator including an outer tube, an inner tube, swirl-producing means therebetween and a discharge cap at the bottom of the outer tube. They are carried within the casing by upper and lower transverse partitions 43 and 44 which form a first upper clean gas outlet chamber 48 and a second intermediate inlet chamber 45. The operating load and weight of the inner casing are transferred by a circumferentially continuous skirt support 46 to the outer vessel at an annular insulated junction 47. The space enclosed V by skirt support 46 above partition 43, together with upper partition 43, forms the clean gas outlet chamber 48 which opens into outlet nozzle 37. Between the continuous casing-skirt support surface and the wall of outer vessel 36, below insulated junction 47, is an annular space 49. Below the inner casing 41 and continuous with the annular space 49 around the casing is third collection chamber 50 formed by the lower portion or" vessel 36 which opens into bottom outlet nozzle 38.

An inlet duct 51 extends downwardly through the top of the outer vessel 36 and through the upper partition 43 at the central axis and is provided with a bottom closure 52 which forms a sump below the bottom of the inlet chamber 45. Duct 51 has side openings 53, preferably covered by screens 54, for the passage of inlet gas, burdened with solids, from the duct into the inlet chamber 45, as described with reference to FIGURE 1. Forming a section of the duct 51 between the top of the outer vessel and partition 43 is an expansion joint, e.g., a circumferential rugation 55. This expansion joint performs the same function as expansion joint 31 in the first embodiment.

The operation of the embodiment shown in FIGURE 2 is the same as that described with reference to FIGURE 1. Feed gas burdened with particles enters the inlet duct from a source, such as a regenerator, and passes into the inlet chamber through openings 53 in the duct. The gas then enters the outer tubes of separators 42 and passes through swirl-producing means therein. Clean gas ascends through the inner tubes into the outlet chamber 48 and through nozzle 37 to an expander (not shown) while the particles and blow-down gas are discharged into collecting chamber through discharge caps in the bottoms of the outer tubes.

The high temperature and high pressure gaseous environment created during operation will cause casing 41 to expand. The annular space 49 around the casing and expansion joint 55 accommodate unconstrained vertical and horizontal expansion of the casing with reference to the outer vessel.

The embodiment shown in FIGURE 3 is similar in arrangement and function to those shown in FIGURES 1 and 2, but is structurally designed to be placed inside the insulated upper portion of a main vessel generating catalyst containing gases, thereby eliminating the need for an additional separator vessel. FIGURE 3 shows a catalyst separator casing symmetrically suspended within a catalyst regenerator vessel 61. As described with reference to FIGURES 1 and 2, a plurality of tubular separators 62 are carried within casing 60 by upper and

lower partitions

63 and 64 which form an intermediate inlet chamber 65. The operating load and weight of the inner casing are transferred to the outer vessel at the welded junction 60' which is similiar to welded junction 23 in FIGURE 1. However, it is not necessary that the inner casing be supported in this way, for any suitable support means would be acceptable, e.g., the weight can be transferred to the outer vessel by a circumferentially continuous skirt support as shown in FIGURE 2.

Whichever form of internal support is adopted, the arrangement of operating sections would remain the same.

Partitions

63 and 64 which support the individual separators 62 divide the casing into a first clean-gas outlet chamber 67 formed by the upper supporting section 68 of the casing, a second intermediate inlet chamber enclosed by a portion of the central cylindrical section 66 of the casing and a third collection chamber 69 formed by the lower enclosing section 70 of the casing which serves as a particle and blow-down gas collecting means. Cleangas outlet chamber 67 connects with outlet nozzle 71 for exhausting clean gas from the system. Extending from a position within the collection chamber 69 through the intermediate inlet chamber 65 and clean-gas outlet chamber 67 and out the top of the separator device is an exhaust pipe 72. Forming a section of pipe 72 within chamber 67 is an expansion joint, e.g., a circumferential rugation 73. In sliding contact with exhaust pipe 72 within chamber 69 is a guide element such as the hub of a spider 74 which is fixed to the inside of section 70 of the casing near the bottom thereof.

In operation, since the separator device of FIGURE 3 is located within the main vessel containing the catalyst laden gases, the gas containing catalyst fines enters the device from below through a number of inlet pipes 75, only one of which is shown. The catalyst laden gas flows into the intermediate inlet chamber 65 and into the tubular separators 62. The catalyst-free gas flows upward through the inner tubes into clean-gas outlet chamber 67 and out nozzle 71 as previously described. The gas containing the catalyst fines flows from the bottom of the tubular separators into collection chamber 69, and upwards through exhaust pipe 72. Excessive thermal stresses are prevented from being transmitted to the outer vessel by means of the expansion joint 73 in the exhaust pipe acting in cooperation with the annular space 76 surrounding the inner casing 60 to accommodate unconstrained vertical and horizontal thermal expansion of the inner casing with reference to the outer vessel.

What has been shown and described is a novel structure for a centrifugal separator wherein a casing supporting a plurality of tubular separators and associated appartus is internally suspended within an outer pressure retaining vessel leaving an annular space therebetween which cooperates with an expansion joint interconnected between the casing and outer vessel to accommodate unconstrained vertical and horizontal expansion of the casing within the outer vessel to reduce thermal stress upon the latter. The disclosed structures and any obvious deviations therefrom are intended to be covered by the following claims.

I claim as my invention:

1. Apparatus for cleaning gas comprising:

a hollow outer vessel having an inner wall and clean gas outlet communicating through the wall of the outer vessel with the interior of said outer vessel;

an inner casing attached to and supported by and within said outer vessel and having its vertical axis coincident with the vertical axis of said outer vessel;

said inner casing being spaced from, the inner wall of said outer vessel so as to form an annular space therebetween;

partition means within said inner casing sealingly dividing said inner easing into at least a pair of chambers;

the first of said chambers having an opening communicating with the clean gas outlet of the outer vessel;

a gas inlet operatively engaging the second chamber for introducing gas burdened with particles into said second chamber;

a plurality of centrifugal separators cooperating with the second of said chambers;

each of said separators having an outer first tube with its upper end communicating with the interior of the second of said chambers;

particle and blowdown gas collecting means located within said vessel and communicating with openings in the lower ends of the outer tubes of said separators;

each of said separators further including a second tube mounted within each of said outer tubes and having its upper end communicating with the interior of the second of said chambers;

swirl-producing means located between said first and second tubes for producing a swirling motion to gas introduced within said first tubes;

expandable structural means operatively engaging said inner casing and adapted to allow the inner casing to substantially expand and contract under apparatus operating conditions without damaging the structure of the outer vessel;

a particle and blowdown gas outlet operatively engaging said outer vessel and communicating with said particle and blowdown gas collecting means for removing particles and blowdown gas from apparatus;

said particle and blowdown gas collecting means being a collection chamber formed by a lower portion of said inner casing;

said particle and blowdown gas outlet being a discharge duct extending through an outlet opening in the outer vessel;

said lower portion of said inner casing having a discharge opening communicating with said discharge duct; and

said expandable structural means being an expansion joint connected at one end thereof to the outer vessel adjacent the outlet opening in the outer vessel and at the other end to the end of the discharge duct extending away from said collection chamber whereby the inner casing and discharge duct are free to expand and contract substantially without damaging the outer vessel as the discharge duct slides within said outlet opening.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 further including:

support means operatively engaging said outer vessel for supporting said apparatus;

guide means attached to the inner wall of said outer vessel adjacent the outlet opening in the outer vessel and in slidable guiding engagement with the discharge duct in order to maintain the alignment of the inner casing within the outer vessel. during any movement thereof;

purging means operatively engaging both the expansion joint and the annular space formed within the interior of said outer vessel for purging both the annular space and the expansion joint; and

insulating means operatively engaging the inner wall of said outer vessel for insulating said outer vessel.

3. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein said gas inlet to the second of said chambers includes: a gas inlet duct operatively engaging the outer vessel and extending from the upper portion of said outer vessel to the second of said chambers; and

upward movement limiting means on the extreme end of the discharge duct remote from the collection chamber for limiting the degree of upward movement of the discharge duct within the outlet opening.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,311,573 7/1919 Newburgh 55-423 1,353,431 9/1920 Sims 55431 2,235,892 3/1944 Kuhner 55-423 X 2,352,038 6/1944 Tolke 285-229 2,462,193 2/ 1949 Hulsberg. 2,490,798 12/1949 (30hr et al 208-161 X 2,506,293 5/1950 Copeland 285-299 X 2,553,175 5/1951 Davenport et a1. 55-343 2,688,588 9/1954 Beam 23-288 2,901,332 8/1959 Randall 23-288 2,986,278 5/1961 Bjorklund 209l44 3,083,082 3/1963 Kleiber 208-161 X 3,254,476 6/1966 Kusek et a1 55-345 X FOREIGN PATENTS 641,422 S/ 1962 Canada. 218,811 7/1924 Great Britain.

HARRY B. THORNTON, Primary Examiner.

D. TALBERT, Assistant Examiner.

US. Cl. X.R.