US3409068A - Method of continuously casting tubes using a rotating mandrel - Google Patents

Method of continuously casting tubes using a rotating mandrel Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3409068A
US3409068A US530869A US53086966A US3409068A US 3409068 A US3409068 A US 3409068A US 530869 A US530869 A US 530869A US 53086966 A US53086966 A US 53086966A US 3409068 A US3409068 A US 3409068A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
mandrel
casting
mold
tube
cast
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US530869A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Douglas C Yearley
Jr Harry H Stout
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Phelps Dodge Copper Products Corp
Original Assignee
Phelps Dodge Copper Products Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US468771A external-priority patent/US3398780A/en
Application filed by Phelps Dodge Copper Products Corp filed Critical Phelps Dodge Copper Products Corp
Priority to US530869A priority Critical patent/US3409068A/en
Priority to GB28241/66A priority patent/GB1138072A/en
Priority to FR67340A priority patent/FR1485055A/fr
Priority to CH939366A priority patent/CH452801A/fr
Priority to BE683495A priority patent/BE683495A/xx
Priority to JP41042669A priority patent/JPS5218135B1/ja
Priority to DE1966P0039831 priority patent/DE1508928A1/de
Priority to ES0328597A priority patent/ES328597A1/es
Priority to US735927*A priority patent/US3486550A/en
Publication of US3409068A publication Critical patent/US3409068A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/006—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths of tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
    • B22D11/0401—Moulds provided with a feed head
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
    • B22D11/049—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds for direct chill casting, e.g. electromagnetic casting

Definitions

  • Continuous casting of tubes comprises the uninterrupted flow of molten metal to one end of a casting mold, uninterrupted withdrawal of solid metal from the other end of the casting mold and the removal of heat from the metal to solidify it as it is formed into the desired sectional shape during passage of the metal through the mold.
  • Tubing is cast continuously by the use of an inner core or mandrel positioned within a cylindrical mold or die.
  • the molten metal is supplied under pressure or by gravity feed to the annular space between the mandrel and the cylindrical mold.
  • the mold is cooled to solidify the metal, and cast tube is drawn from the mold by rollers or the like which grip the outer surfaces of the tubing.
  • Control over the solidification process is important since the process of solidification, including the rate of solidification and the position and stability of the solid/liquid interface, determines the properties of the resulting tubing such as surface quality, tensile strength, elongation, grain size, etc.; and lack of control of that process will, of course, give poor properties in the tubing.
  • This invention provides an improved apparatus for the continuous casting of tubes and a new method for such casting, which will allow for the manufacture of high quality tubes on a commercial and economical basis. It eliminates start-up difficulties, provides a concentric tubing of good quality which may be rapidly and economically fabricated into commercial tubing. Another important aspect of this invention is that it permits the molten metal used to form the tubing to be fed to the casting mold by gravity without any need for metering that flow or the use of a feed spout to deliver and position the metal in the mold.
  • the mandrel is mounted for vertical movement relative to a mold which is fed from a molten pool of metal maintained in a reservoir above the mold.
  • the mandrel is adapted to permit rotation relative to the mold.
  • molten metal is first fed to the mold from the overlying reservoir while the mandrel is in a withdrawn position whereby solid rod is drawn initially from the exit or lower end of the mold; and then, as the feed of molten metal is continued, the mandrel is lowered through the reservoir so that the tapered lower end of the mandrel enters the mold to a depth sufficient to effect transition from rod to tube casting.
  • the mandrel is guided in its vertical movement by guide means adjustable laterally to effect accurate centering of the mandrel relative to the mold.
  • the direction of rotation of the mandrel according to -our method may be clockwise or counterclockwise or it may be oscillatory wherein the direction is reversed periodically. Such reversal may occur after less than a complete revolution, at the end of each revolution, or at the end of several revolutions. Satisfactory castings have been obtained over a wide range of rotational speeds up to 900 rpm. The preferred range appears to be between 10 and rpm.
  • mandrel rotation according to our method will improve the ductility of the inner surface of the cast tubing.
  • the manner of rotation of the mandrel may induce or reinforce an adverse swirl effect upon the outer surface of the tubing, which also must be considered to determine the optimum manner of rotation of the mandrel.
  • 3 inch diameter tubes having a wall thickness of .380 have been successfully cast from phosphorus bearing copper at 20 inches per minute at mandrel rotation speeds between 20 and 40 rpm. in either direction and at 20 r.p.m. elfective speed with the direction reversed every revolution to provide oscillatory motion. Without mandrel rotation, cracks would result in the internal surface of such a tube if it were elongated.
  • the method and apparatus of our invention may also be used successfully to produce good quality tubes (for example, made with phosphorus deoxidized copper) hav- I ing overall diameters of 1 /2 to 4 inches with wall thicknesses ranging from 0.17 to 0.45 inch, at speeds in excess of 2 feet per minute and with an error of concentricity of less than 0.01 inch,
  • metal M in molten form is introduced from an external source, no shown, by means of a launder or trough 11 into a generally cylindrical crucible 12 of graphite mounted on a vertically movable platform 13.
  • the latter has a generally rectangular shape in plan view and any conventional means (not shown) may be used to support it.
  • the platform 13 has attached to it intermediate its right front and rear corners and left front and rear corners support 36 and 36', respectively.
  • Struts 37 and 37' reinforce cross bracket 35 which is attached at each of its ends to supports 36 and 36'. These members support the upper portion of the apparatus, as more fully hereinafter explained.
  • Heat from crucible 12 is insulated from platform 13 by insulating bricks 16.
  • the crucible is enclosed inan induction coil 17 carrying water as the coolant and supas silicaor the like which is rammed between the coil and the outer surface of the crucible.
  • the open end of the crucible is suitably provided with a plate 19 of ring form.
  • a guide bearing 20 also of graphite and having generally radial and sloped feed ports 21 to allow passage of the liquid metal into a cylindrical casting mold 22.
  • the latter is closely surrounded by the lower portion of bearing 20, and the upper portion of this bearingforms aclose sliding fit around a graphite mandrel 23v so as to center the mandrel in the graphite casting mold 22.
  • the mandrel 23 is supported from an overhead support 25 from which depends (shown schematically) hoist means 26 for raising and lowering the mandrel.
  • the hoist 26 may be hand or motor driven, but preferably is a conventional hand operated worm gear which allows precise positioning of the mandrel.
  • a depending eye bolt 27 Suitably attached to hoist 26 is a depending eye bolt 27 connected to one end of a strain measuring device 28. Elongation of device 28, by tensile strain on the depending mandrel 23, is detected by strain gauges 29 suitably mounted on strain device 28 and connected electrically to a conventional indicator (not shown) for indicating the amount of strain on the device 28 and thus the downward force exerted on mandrel 23 during the tube casting operation.
  • strain measuring devices are well known in the art, further description of the device 28 and its associated elements is unnecessary.
  • the mandrel 23 is caused to rotate or oscillate by means of rotating device 60.
  • a variable speed motor 61 is connected to a right angle gear drive 62 by a shaft 69 having universal joints 66 and 67 and sliding coupling 68.
  • the vertical output shaft 65 of the right angle drive 62 is attached to' guide post 31 by coupling flanges 63 and 64 which is fixed to guide post 31 with bolt 30.
  • mandrel rotating device 60 is connected by a bolt to a guide post 31.
  • the latter is held in vertical alignment with the guide bearing 20 and mold 22 by a steel guide bearing 32 into which precision machined bronze bushings 33 have been pressurized.
  • Guide bearing 32 is mounted in an alignment box 34 secured to cross bracket 35. Orientation of the guide bearing 32 in g the mounting box 34 is adjustable by bolts 38 for angular positions with the vertical and is adjustable horizontally by radial bolts such as bolt 39.
  • Guide bearing 32 is locked in its adjusted position by a cover plate 40 and bolts 41.
  • Mandrel 23 is rigidly connected to guide post 31 by a connecting pin 43.
  • a cross bolt 44 connects one end of the connecting pin 43 to the guide post 31 while a similar cross bolt 45 connects the mandrel 23 to the other end of connecting pin 43.
  • two lock-nuts 46 and 47 are threaded on pin 43 and tightened against the guide post 31 and mandrel 23, respectively. 7
  • Liquid metal in the casting mold 22 is solidified in the mold portion lying within a cooling jacket 50.
  • the metal solidifying between mold 22 and mandrel 23 is withdrawn as tube 54, which passes downward into a quench chamber 55.
  • the quench chamber 55 is drained through exit port 56 to a recirculating water system with means to coolthe water (not shown), the cool water being circulated to jacket 50 through inlet port 75.
  • the cast tube is discharged through the bottom of quench tank 55 by way of a sealed outlet 57 welded to the quench tank 55. The tube is pulled downwardly through seal 57 by withdrawal rolls (not shown). 7
  • Graphite guide bearing 20 is centrally mounted in crucible 12 by a press-taper fit.
  • a lining sleeve is provided on the inner surface of the graphite guide bearing 20 and may be easily replaced in the event of wear to insure a close-tolerance slide fit between the mandrel 23 and guide "bearing 20.
  • Mandrel 23 is positioned in mold 22 by operation of hoist 26 and adjustment of box 34 (which may be adjusted upon wearing of graphite guide bearing 20), to effect concentric solidification.
  • the cast tube 54 will have essentially a uniform wall thickness.
  • Mandrel 23 is cylindrical for substantially its entire length from its upper end to a distance just short of its lower end. This cylindrical portion is indicated by numeral 231.
  • the next lower portion 232 is given a slight taper and the next lower portion 233 has a greater taper of about twice the rate of the taper of portion 232.
  • the tip portion 234 is not necessarily tapered, although it is preferable to provide it with a point to allow the mandrel to penetrate easily the surface of the molten metal as the mandrel is lowered into the mold.
  • the mandrel was 2 feet long, portion 231 was 20 inches long with a diameter of 2.35 inches, portion 232 was 2.5 inches long with a taper of 1 while portion 233 was about 1.5 inches long and had a taper of 2.
  • the taper of each of the two portions is not critical, however, since the mandrel can be positioned during the casting to the precise position required to satisfy the requirements of the tube being cast. It is also satisfactory to use a mandrel having a single tapered portion having a taper on the order of about 1 and being as long as the effective length of the metal solidification zone, which is generally in the range of about 3 to 9 inches.
  • the casting mold assembly includes the graphite liner 22 which is placed within the cooling jacket 50 and firmly seated and sealed against water leaks. Water under pressure is fed through a flexible hose (note shown) to inlet nipple 75 of cooling jacket 50, rising vertically and entering a narrow annular gap between the graphite die and an inter-bafile 79. The water then flows downward at high velocity through the annular space 80 within bafile' 79 and impinges on the surface of existing cast tube 54.
  • the graphite crucible 12 is preheated, as by means of the induction heating coil 17, to temperatures in excess of the melting point of the metal or alloy to be cast.
  • a moderate flow of a coolant, such as cold water, is circulated through jacket 50 to prevent overheating of the mold 22.
  • the graphite mandrel 23 is fully withdrawn from the mold into the guide bearing 20, and the mandrel rotated.
  • the molten metal or alloy M is then introduced into the crucible 12 from which it flows through the feed ports 21 in guide bearing 20 into mold 22.
  • a starting cup (not shown), which has previously been placed in the mold, receives and holds the liquid metal until it solidifies.
  • the resulting solid rod serving only as a starting rod, is withdrawn; and the coolant water flow rate is increased sufficiently to keep the temperature from rising while the solid rod is continuously cast from the mold. Casting speeds are then increased to the desired steady-state tube casting rate by increasing the speed of the withdrawal rollers.
  • the mandrel 23 is then gradually lowered into the mold to form the continuously cast product into a tube.
  • This transition from rod to tube is made with care to prevent a sudden grabbing of the mandrel by the solidifying metal, causing a possible fracture of the cast.
  • This transition may be facilitated by the use of easily detectable load indications on the strain gauges 29 calibrated according to the particular casting desired.
  • the zone within the mold, where the molten metal becomes solidified for tube casting, is displaced downwardly from the zone where solidification for casting the solid rod occurs.
  • the position of this zone is controlled by the positioning of mandrel 23. If the mandrel is inserted (lowered) beyond the proper position, excessive shrinkage pressure is developed on the mandrel causing transverse checks and cracks on the inside surface of the tube. If the mandrel is insufficiently lowered to the proper position, ripples are produced on the inner surface of the tube.
  • test cuts through the tube indicate deviation in concentricity of the mandrel with respect to the mold. These deviations or error in concentricity can be corrected by adjustments, during the casting operation, of the lateral position of mandrel 23 or in the mold 22 as described above. If irregular surface conditions, particularly the internal surfaces, are detected the mandrel position is easily adjusted in angular relation to the mold to correct the surface irregularities.
  • the tapered mandrel permits easy control of the wall thickness of the tube during casting by varying the vertical position of the mandrel. It may be desirable to vibrate the mold by any of several conventional means (not shown).
  • the mandrel was rotated for 15 seconds at 20 rpm. in one direction followed by 15 seconds of rotation at the same speed in the opposite direction.
  • the present invention makes it possible to increase substantially the quality and production rate of tubes continuously cast.
  • the amount of material required during initial start-up of the process is reduced.
  • the gain structure and surface characteristics of the cast tubing are substantially improved. It also permits satisfaction of a wide range of conditions and the continuous casting of a variety of alloys while maintaining desirable grain structure and surface characteristics.
  • a method of continuously casting tubes which comprises the steps of continuously feeding molten metal into one end of a casting zone while cooling said zone and while discharging a solidified metal product in the form of a rod from the opposite end of said zone, gradually inserting a mandrel into said zone to form an annular space between said end of the zone while continuing said feeding, cooling and discharging the product, thereby converting the discharging product from a rod to a tube, and rotating said mandrel within said zone to control the characteristics of the discharging tube.
  • a method of continuously casting tubes which comprises the steps of continuously feeding molten metal into one end of a casting zone while cooling said zone and while discharging a solidified metal product in the form of a tube from the opposite end of said zone, rotating a mandrel positioned within said zone to form an annular space between the ends of said zone, and adjusting the rotation and position of the mandrel to control the char acteristics of the discharging tube, said mandrel being rotated in a direction and in a range of speeds between

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
US530869A 1965-07-01 1966-03-01 Method of continuously casting tubes using a rotating mandrel Expired - Lifetime US3409068A (en)

Priority Applications (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US530869A US3409068A (en) 1965-07-01 1966-03-01 Method of continuously casting tubes using a rotating mandrel
GB28241/66A GB1138072A (en) 1965-07-01 1966-06-23 Improvements in or relating to method and apparatus for continuous casting of metal tubes
FR67340A FR1485055A (fr) 1965-07-01 1966-06-28 Procédé et appareil perfectionnés pour la coulée en continu de tubes métalliques
CH939366A CH452801A (fr) 1965-07-01 1966-06-29 Procédé de coulée en continu de tubes métalliques et appareil pour la mise en oeuvre de procédé
BE683495A BE683495A (un) 1965-07-01 1966-06-30
JP41042669A JPS5218135B1 (un) 1965-07-01 1966-06-30
DE1966P0039831 DE1508928A1 (de) 1965-07-01 1966-06-30 Verfahren und Vorrichtung fuer den Strangguss von hohlen Metallrohren
ES0328597A ES328597A1 (es) 1965-07-01 1966-07-01 Un procedimiento para la fundicion continua de tubos metalicos.
US735927*A US3486550A (en) 1965-07-01 1968-01-31 Continuous casting of tubes

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US468771A US3398780A (en) 1965-07-01 1965-07-01 Continuous casting of tubes
US530869A US3409068A (en) 1965-07-01 1966-03-01 Method of continuously casting tubes using a rotating mandrel

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3409068A true US3409068A (en) 1968-11-05

Family

ID=27042532

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US530869A Expired - Lifetime US3409068A (en) 1965-07-01 1966-03-01 Method of continuously casting tubes using a rotating mandrel

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US3409068A (un)
JP (1) JPS5218135B1 (un)
BE (1) BE683495A (un)
CH (1) CH452801A (un)
DE (1) DE1508928A1 (un)
ES (1) ES328597A1 (un)
GB (1) GB1138072A (un)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3506059A (en) * 1968-11-21 1970-04-14 Aluminum Co Of America Method of continuous casting
US3578065A (en) * 1968-08-31 1971-05-11 Kabel Metallwerke Ghh Mandrel holder for horizontal pipe casting apparatus
US3708010A (en) * 1971-09-17 1973-01-02 Schloemann Ag Apparatus for the continuous casting of tubes
US3735803A (en) * 1971-04-19 1973-05-29 Universal Oil Prod Co Method of and apparatus for continuously casting a hollow billet
US3920064A (en) * 1973-05-08 1975-11-18 Vitaly Yakovlevich Genkin Mandrel for continuous casting of hollow ingots
US3990500A (en) * 1973-03-16 1976-11-09 Paton Boris E Apparatus with core for making hollow ingots by electroslag remelting
US4108235A (en) * 1971-03-16 1978-08-22 Paton Boris E Electroslag remelting apparatus having relative mold movement and provision for introduction of slag
FR2499901A1 (fr) * 1981-02-13 1982-08-20 Thoratec Lab Corp Appareil et procede de fabrication d'un tube multicouche
US4546816A (en) * 1981-02-11 1985-10-15 Schwarz Gerhard E Method and apparatus of continuously casting hollow round billets with a hypocycloidal mandrel and an inside rolling process
EP0250355A1 (de) * 1986-05-27 1987-12-23 MANNESMANN Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Herstellen von rotationssymmetrischen Hohlkörpern
WO2017027711A3 (en) * 2015-08-12 2017-03-16 Alcoa Inc. Apparatus, manufacture, composition and method for producing long length tubing and uses thereof

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108788031A (zh) * 2018-05-25 2018-11-13 南京尚吉增材制造研究院有限公司 连续水冷结晶器与凝固成型方法
RU2752058C1 (ru) * 2020-07-07 2021-07-22 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Комсомольский-на-Амуре государственный университет" (ФГБОУ ВО "КнАГУ") Устройство для получения непрерывнолитых деформированных заготовок

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE570861A (un) *
US238515A (en) * 1881-03-08 mcelroy
US2707813A (en) * 1950-11-25 1955-05-10 Sidney M Dickson Apparatus for forming seamless tubes and coating tubular sections
US2941266A (en) * 1956-03-15 1960-06-21 Eisenwerke Gelsenkirchen Ag Continuous casting process and apparatus
US3103718A (en) * 1958-04-28 1963-09-17 Th Calow & Co Apparatus for producing seamless pipe
NL6403321A (un) * 1963-03-27 1964-09-28
US3228075A (en) * 1958-04-28 1966-01-11 Th Calow & Co Method for producing seamless pipe
US3268959A (en) * 1962-04-26 1966-08-30 Ile Soc Civille D Etudes De Ce Method and apparatus for vertical casting of hollow metalic bodies

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE570861A (un) *
US238515A (en) * 1881-03-08 mcelroy
US2707813A (en) * 1950-11-25 1955-05-10 Sidney M Dickson Apparatus for forming seamless tubes and coating tubular sections
US2941266A (en) * 1956-03-15 1960-06-21 Eisenwerke Gelsenkirchen Ag Continuous casting process and apparatus
US3103718A (en) * 1958-04-28 1963-09-17 Th Calow & Co Apparatus for producing seamless pipe
US3228075A (en) * 1958-04-28 1966-01-11 Th Calow & Co Method for producing seamless pipe
US3268959A (en) * 1962-04-26 1966-08-30 Ile Soc Civille D Etudes De Ce Method and apparatus for vertical casting of hollow metalic bodies
NL6403321A (un) * 1963-03-27 1964-09-28

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3578065A (en) * 1968-08-31 1971-05-11 Kabel Metallwerke Ghh Mandrel holder for horizontal pipe casting apparatus
US3506059A (en) * 1968-11-21 1970-04-14 Aluminum Co Of America Method of continuous casting
US4108235A (en) * 1971-03-16 1978-08-22 Paton Boris E Electroslag remelting apparatus having relative mold movement and provision for introduction of slag
US3735803A (en) * 1971-04-19 1973-05-29 Universal Oil Prod Co Method of and apparatus for continuously casting a hollow billet
US3708010A (en) * 1971-09-17 1973-01-02 Schloemann Ag Apparatus for the continuous casting of tubes
US3990500A (en) * 1973-03-16 1976-11-09 Paton Boris E Apparatus with core for making hollow ingots by electroslag remelting
US3920064A (en) * 1973-05-08 1975-11-18 Vitaly Yakovlevich Genkin Mandrel for continuous casting of hollow ingots
US4546816A (en) * 1981-02-11 1985-10-15 Schwarz Gerhard E Method and apparatus of continuously casting hollow round billets with a hypocycloidal mandrel and an inside rolling process
FR2499901A1 (fr) * 1981-02-13 1982-08-20 Thoratec Lab Corp Appareil et procede de fabrication d'un tube multicouche
US4409172A (en) * 1981-02-13 1983-10-11 Thoratec Laboratories Corporation Device and method for fabricating multi-layer tubing using a freely suspended mandrel
EP0250355A1 (de) * 1986-05-27 1987-12-23 MANNESMANN Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Herstellen von rotationssymmetrischen Hohlkörpern
WO2017027711A3 (en) * 2015-08-12 2017-03-16 Alcoa Inc. Apparatus, manufacture, composition and method for producing long length tubing and uses thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES328597A1 (es) 1967-04-01
GB1138072A (en) 1968-12-27
BE683495A (un) 1966-12-30
CH452801A (fr) 1968-03-15
DE1508928A1 (de) 1969-11-13
JPS5218135B1 (un) 1977-05-19

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3409068A (en) Method of continuously casting tubes using a rotating mandrel
US2284503A (en) Apparatus for continuous casting
US2130202A (en) Continuously casting pipe
US4523624A (en) Cast ingot position control process and apparatus
US2284704A (en) Apparatus for continuously molding metals
US4498521A (en) Molten metal level control in continuous casting
US2752648A (en) Apparatus for the production of tubular metallic objects
US2405355A (en) Rod-casting machine and method
US4211270A (en) Method for continuous casting of metallic strands at exceptionally high speeds
US4430388A (en) Method and apparatus for continuously casting a hollow metal blank, and the resulting blank
US4567935A (en) Molten metal level control in continuous casting
US3379238A (en) Polyphase electric furnace for molding ingots
US3486550A (en) Continuous casting of tubes
US3398780A (en) Continuous casting of tubes
US3228075A (en) Method for producing seamless pipe
NO770606L (no) Fremgangsm}te og anordning for kontinuerlig st¦pning av metallsmelte i st¦peformer.
SU822760A3 (ru) Способ получени цилиндрическихпОлыХ СлиТКОВ
US2458236A (en) Continuous pouring furnace
EP0293601B1 (en) Method of manufacturing hollow billet and apparatus therefor
KR870000714B1 (ko) 수평 연속 주조방법
US5279353A (en) Method and apparatus to effect a fine grain size in continuous cast metals
US3583469A (en) Method of continuously casting solid state cylinders
US3735798A (en) Methods for casting hollow ingots
CN111451465B (zh) 一种大规格铝合金圆铸锭生产用设备及生产工艺
SU822759A3 (ru) Устройство дл электрошлаковогопЕРЕплАВА