US3408532A - Electron beam scanning device - Google Patents

Electron beam scanning device Download PDF

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Publication number
US3408532A
US3408532A US511747A US51174765A US3408532A US 3408532 A US3408532 A US 3408532A US 511747 A US511747 A US 511747A US 51174765 A US51174765 A US 51174765A US 3408532 A US3408532 A US 3408532A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
dynode
electron
members
electron beam
target
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US511747A
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English (en)
Inventor
Donald E Hultberg
Lester A Jeffries
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Northrop Grumman Corp
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Northrop Grumman Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Northrop Grumman Corp filed Critical Northrop Grumman Corp
Priority to US511747A priority Critical patent/US3408532A/en
Priority to FR160287A priority patent/FR1576713A/fr
Priority to NL6810685A priority patent/NL6810685A/xx
Priority to DE1764749A priority patent/DE1764749C3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3408532A publication Critical patent/US3408532A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J29/00—Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
    • H01J29/46—Arrangements of electrodes and associated parts for generating or controlling the ray or beam, e.g. electron-optical arrangement
    • H01J29/70—Arrangements for deflecting ray or beam
    • H01J29/72—Arrangements for deflecting ray or beam along one straight line or along two perpendicular straight lines
    • H01J29/74—Deflecting by electric fields only
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G1/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with cathode-ray tube indicators; General aspects or details, e.g. selection emphasis on particular characters, dashed line or dotted line generation; Preprocessing of data
    • G09G1/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with cathode-ray tube indicators; General aspects or details, e.g. selection emphasis on particular characters, dashed line or dotted line generation; Preprocessing of data using multi-beam tubes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11C—STATIC STORES
    • G11C11/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor
    • G11C11/21—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements
    • G11C11/23—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements using electrostatic storage on a common layer, e.g. Forrester-Haeff tubes or William tubes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J29/00—Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
    • H01J29/46—Arrangements of electrodes and associated parts for generating or controlling the ray or beam, e.g. electron-optical arrangement
    • H01J29/467—Control electrodes for flat display tubes, e.g. of the type covered by group H01J31/123
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J43/00—Secondary-emission tubes; Electron-multiplier tubes
    • H01J43/04—Electron multipliers
    • H01J43/06—Electrode arrangements
    • H01J43/18—Electrode arrangements using essentially more than one dynode
    • H01J43/20—Dynodes consisting of sheet material, e.g. plane, bent
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J43/00—Secondary-emission tubes; Electron-multiplier tubes
    • H01J43/04—Electron multipliers
    • H01J43/06—Electrode arrangements
    • H01J43/18—Electrode arrangements using essentially more than one dynode
    • H01J43/24—Dynodes having potential gradient along their surfaces
    • H01J43/243—Dynodes consisting of a piling-up of channel-type dynode plates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
    • H03M1/00—Analogue/digital conversion; Digital/analogue conversion
    • H03M1/66—Digital/analogue converters
    • H03M1/74—Simultaneous conversion

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an electron beam scanning device, and more particularly to such a device which is operative in response to a digital control signal and is capable of random addressing.
  • Electron beam scanning is used extensively in cathode ray devices for applications such as video camera tubes, video display tubes such as television picture tubes, and memory and storage tubes.
  • These cathode ray scanning devices of the prior art have several shortcomings. Firstly, a rather bulky elongated configuration is required to accommodate the electron gun and deflection system inherent to this type of device. The dimensions of such structure are particularly cumbersome where relatively large display screens are involved. Efforts to minimize the dimensions of such structure often result in a severe sacrifice of the linearity and definition of the display. Further, such devices are readily subject to .ambient electrostatic and electromagnetic fields which can impair the linearity and focus.
  • cathode ray tube devices are adapted to scan in a relatively cyclical fashion and cannot randomly be addressed to any point on the target without sacrificing resolution and speed of operation. This somewhat impairs the efficiency of their operation in response to randomly addressed inputs such as might be involved in a memory or storage tube or a specialized display application.
  • the device of this invention overcomes the shortcomings of prior art devices in providing a relatively fiat thin electron beam scanning device capable of high lineearity and definition which ambient electrostatic and electromagnetic fields.
  • the device of the invention utilizes electron multiplication techniques which assure adequate electron current at the target for proper operation.
  • the deivce of the invention operates in response to a digital control signal and is capable of random addressing as well as regular scanning.
  • the devcie of the invention achieves the desired end results by utilizing a plurality of coded .dynode members which are sandwiched between an electron emitting cathode and a target plate.
  • Each dynode has a plurality of apertures formed therein which are effectively aligned with corresponding apertures on all the other dynodes.
  • the dynode aperture portions each have electron multiplying surfaces therein for multiplying the electrons in the electron beam by secondary emission techniques.
  • the dynodes further each have a pair of seaparate conductive portions thereon forming fingers, each conductive portion being electrically insulated from its paired portion is relatively unaffected by F phor coating 15.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic drawing illustrating the operation of one embodiment of the device of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective drawing illustrating the general structure of an embodiment of the device of the invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic drawing illustrating dynode coding which may be utilized in one embodiment of the device of the invention
  • FIG. 4 is an elevational cross sectional view illustrating the structure of one embodiment of the device of the invention.
  • FIG. 5 is an elevational cut-away view illustrating how electron multiplication is achieved in the embodiment of the device of the invention illustrated in FIG. 4, and
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic drawing illustrating the operation of the digital control circuitry utilized in the embodiment of the device of the invention of FIGS. 4 and 5.
  • FIG. 2 one embodiment of the device of the invention is illustrated.
  • This particular embodiment for illustrative purposes, is shown as a display device.
  • a casing is formed by image plate 11, back plate 12 and frame 14 which are joined together in air tight relationhsip and the enclosed space evacuated to provide a vacuum environment.
  • On the inner surface of image plate 11 is a phos- Back plate 12 has an electron emissive cathode 16 mounted thereon.
  • Cathode 16 is preferably of the cold cathode type and may have a radio-active or photo emissive surface which is suitable for providing an adequate electron current.
  • a control grid member 19 Sandwiched between cathode 16 and plate 11 are a control grid member 19 and a plurality of dynode m mbers 20-25.
  • Each of these dynode members includes a pair of oppositely positioned conductive sections which are formed on an insulating member.
  • a plurality of electron beam directing apertures are formed in the dynode members.
  • the various power and control signals are fed to the various dynodes, the grid and the cathode and phosphor target through electrical receptacle 30.
  • FIG. 1 the general operation of the device of the invention is illustrated.
  • An electron accelerating potential supplied by DC power source 33 is applied between phosphor target and cathode 1.
  • Various graduated potentials between the target potential and the cathode potential are supplied to dynode control 32 from voltage divider 35.
  • dynode control 32 supplies an electron beam accelerating potential to half of the conductive portions of each of dynodes -25, and an electron beam repelling potential to the other half of the conductive portions of each of the dynodes.
  • each dynode is repelling the electron beam while the other half of the control area of each dynode is accelerating the beam.
  • the dynode accelerating and repelling conditions at any particular time are controlled in response to addressing logic 40 which actuates dynode control 32 in response to a control signal source 41.
  • control signal source 41 may cause dynode control 32 to effect a raster scanning pattern on target 15 such that a video image 42 is generated in response to video signals fed to control grid 19 from a video signal source 45. It is to be noted, that while a device for showing a conventional video display is shown in FIG.
  • dynode control 32 can also be made to operate in response to a random addressing input which will excite any portion of target 15 directly without passing through adjacent portions of the target, i.e., the beam can be shifted from one side of the screen to the other without passing through any of the intermediary points. This will become apparent as the description proceeds.
  • FIG. 3 an exploded schematic dr-awing is shown illustrating the operation of one embodiment of the device of the invention.
  • a control grid 19 and a plurality of dynode members 20-25 Positioned between electron emitting cathode 16 and target 15 is a control grid 19 and a plurality of dynode members 20-25.
  • Grid 19 and each of dynode members 20-25 has a series of apertures 47 formed therein, each aperture on the control grid and each dynode being substantially aligned with an associated aperture on each of the other dynodes.
  • Dynode 20 has a first electrically conductive portion 20a covering substantially half of its broad surface area, and a second electrically conductive portion 2% covering substantially the other half of such broad surface area, such conductive portions being electrically insulated from each other and connected to opposite outputs of flipflop 48.
  • conductive portion 20a is receiving one potential output of flipflop 48
  • conductive portion 20b is receiving the other potential output thereof, and vice versa.
  • Dynodes 21-25 have paired conductive portions 21a-25a and 21b-2Sb, which are insulated from each other similarly to sections 20a and 20b and operate in the same fashion in response to flipfiops 49-53 respectively.
  • Each of the dynode conductive portions covers substantially one half the broad surface area of its associated dynode but such portions are arranged in different finger patterns, such that by proper actuation of flipflops 48-53 an electron beam can be made to pass from cathode 16 through to target 15 through only one selected set of aligned apertures 47 at any one time.
  • Such operation is 4 illustrated in FIG. 3 for a combination of fiipfiop actuations whereby dynode sections 20a-25a have an electron beam accelerating potential thereon and whereby dynode portions 20b-25b (indicated by stippling) have an electron beam repelling potential thereon.
  • FIG. 3 for a combination of fiipfiop actuations whereby dynode sections 20a-25a have an electron beam accelerating potential thereon and whereby dynode portions 20b-25b (indicated by stippling) have an electron beam repelling potential thereon.
  • the beam represented by the line 60 is the only one that can pass all the way through to the target. All other beams, such as for example that indicated by the line 61, are prevented from passage by a repelling potential (in this instance provided by dynode portion 23b) somewhere along their respective paths.
  • a repelling potential in this instance provided by dynode portion 23b
  • various scanning patterns for either regular scanning or random addressing of the target can be achieved.
  • the beam current is amplified appreciably by electron multiplication techniques to assure sufficient beam current at the target.
  • Control grid 19 and dynodes 20-25 each comprises a plate 65 of a nonconductive material, such as glass, having thin metallic coatings 19a-25a and 20b-25b respectively on opposite sides thereof. Such metallic coatings are arranged in accordance with patterns such as indicated in FIG. 3 to provide a desired coding. It should be noted, of course, as shown in FIG. 3, that the control grid 19 has allover metallic coatings on both sides thereof and hence can be used for intensity modulation of the beam.
  • Target 15 is formed by a phosphorescent coating on the inner surface of plate 11. It is to be noted, of course, that any suitable insulating material may be utilized in lieu of glass for plates 65.
  • the cathode, the control grid and the various dynodes are separated from each other by means of insulator strips 70, the strips and the various units being joined together to form an integral unit by any suitable means such as cementing.
  • Apertures 47 which are formed in plate members 65 are angulated with respect to the horizontal to form a zigzag pattern. It has been found that the use of such a zigzag pattern enhances the electron multiplication by providing a greater incidence of electrons against the sides of the channels.
  • apertures 47 are coated with a coating of a material such as lead oxide or tin oxide, which will provide good secondary electron emission with the impingement of electrons thereon.
  • a material such as lead oxide or tin oxide
  • the electron multiplication achieved in the device of the invention is illustrated.
  • Single line illustrates an initial incoming electron impinging against coating 75.
  • the impingement of this electron causes the emission of two electrons.
  • This electron multiplication process is repeated as the beam proceeds, until, as can be seen, a fairly large number of electrons are generated.
  • the electron current by virtue of the secondary emission process is greatly multiplied for each electron emitted from the cathode. It is to be noted that more (or in some instances even less) than two electrons can be generated by secondary emission in any instance and the binary multiplication process shown is merely illustrative of how secondary emission accomplishes an increase in the electron current.
  • the electrons 83 are repelled by dynode portions 2212 which have a repelling potential therebetween and thus never pass through to the target.
  • FIG. 6 an embodiment of a scanning control that may be utilized in the device of the invention is shown.
  • a scanning control that may be utilized in the device of the invention is shown.
  • the flipflops and one of the dynodes are shown, this in view of the fact that all of the other flipflops and dynodes are operated in the same fashion.
  • Flipfiops 48, 49 and 53 are energized by means of power sources 90, 91 and 92 respectively. Each such power source, however, is referenced at a different potential point along voltage divider 35 which receives the potential of power source 33 thereacross.
  • Flipflops 48, 49 and 53 are acutated in response to the output of addressing logic 40, which in turn is controlled by control signal source 41. At any one time either one or the other of the fiipflop stages of each of flipflops 48, 49 and 53 is conductive, While the other is at cutoff.
  • the collector of fiipflop stage 48a is connected to the top section of conductive portion 20a, and the bottom section of conductive portion 20b, while the collector of fiipflop stage 48b is connected to the top section of conductive portion 20a.
  • the top section of conductive portion 20a will have a positive potential with respect to the bottom section thereof, while the bottom section of conductive portion 20b will have a positive potential with respect to the top section thereof.
  • the fiipflop reverses such that section 48b becomes conductive and section 48a becomes non-conductive, an opposite polarity condition will be presented to the dynode portions.
  • the potential of power sources 90-92 is made suflicient to produce an adequate repelling signal to the electron beam (e.-g. of the order of 200 volts). While a single high voltage repelling signal can be used for all the dynodes, the use of separate incremental potential gradients, as shown and described in connection with FIG. 6, greatly alleviates dynode fashion the flipflops are utilized at the various dynodes to control the electron beam. As already noted, each of the flipfiops is used in the same fashion as described for fiipflop 48 and dynode 20 for the control of their respective dynodes.
  • the device of the invention thus provides means for replacing bulky cathode ray tube equipment with a relatively fiat scanner which has the advantages of being operative in response to digital control signals and capable of random addressing.
  • An electron beam scanning device comprising a gas evacuated sealed casing member insulation problems.
  • an electron source mounted within said casing member,
  • a power source connected between said target member and said electron source for providing an electron accelerating potential therebetween
  • said electron source, said target member and said dynode member being alined opposite each other
  • said dynode members each having a plurality of conductive coded finger portions which are insulated from each other
  • said dynode members further each having a plurality of aperture means formed therein for channeling the flow of electrons between said electron source and said target member, and
  • control means for selectively applying an electron accelerating potential to at least one of the finger portions of each of said dynode members and an electron repelling potential to the others of the finger portions of each of said dynode members,
  • said dynode members cause an electron beam from said electron source to said target member to be addressed in response to said control means.
  • control means including means for alternatively applying a potential in one polarity or a polarity opposite said one polarity between oppositely positioned finger portions.
  • An electron beam scanning device comprising a gas evacuated sealed casing means
  • a power source connected between said target and cathode members for providing an electron accelerating electron field therebetween
  • cathode, target and dynode members being alined with their broad surfaces opposite each other
  • said dynode members each having a plurality of conductive coded finger portions on at least one of the broad surfaces thereof which are insulated from each other,
  • said dynode members further each having a plurality of apertures formed therein running from one broad surface to the opposite broad surface thereof and distributed over the broad surface area thereof, the apertures of each of said dynode members being alined with corresponding apertures on each of the others of said dynode members, and
  • control means for selectively applying an electron accelerating potential to at least one of the finger portions of each of said dynode members and an 7 electron retarding potential to the others of the finger portions of each of said dynode members, whereby said dynode members cause an electron beam to pass from said cathode member to said target member through only one set of said alined apertures at a time in response to said control means.
  • each finger portion comprises two similar finger sections 10- 8 cated opposite each other on the opposite broad surfaces of said dynode members.
  • control means includes a plurality of flip-flops, the outputs of each of said flip-flops being connected to'oppositely drive the finger portions of an associated one of said dynode members, and addressing logic means for actuating said flip-flops.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cathode-Ray Tubes And Fluorescent Screens For Display (AREA)
  • Electron Beam Exposure (AREA)
US511747A 1965-12-06 1965-12-06 Electron beam scanning device Expired - Lifetime US3408532A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US511747A US3408532A (en) 1965-12-06 1965-12-06 Electron beam scanning device
FR160287A FR1576713A (zh) 1965-12-06 1968-07-23
NL6810685A NL6810685A (zh) 1965-12-06 1968-07-26
DE1764749A DE1764749C3 (de) 1965-12-06 1968-07-30 Elektronenstrahlabtastvorrichtung

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US511747A US3408532A (en) 1965-12-06 1965-12-06 Electron beam scanning device
FR160287 1968-07-23
NL6810685A NL6810685A (zh) 1965-12-06 1968-07-26
DE1764749A DE1764749C3 (de) 1965-12-06 1968-07-30 Elektronenstrahlabtastvorrichtung

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US3408532A true US3408532A (en) 1968-10-29

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US511747A Expired - Lifetime US3408532A (en) 1965-12-06 1965-12-06 Electron beam scanning device

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US (1) US3408532A (zh)
DE (1) DE1764749C3 (zh)
FR (1) FR1576713A (zh)
NL (1) NL6810685A (zh)

Cited By (31)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3483422A (en) * 1968-07-26 1969-12-09 Northrop Corp Electron beam scanner with transverse digital control
US3505559A (en) * 1968-09-25 1970-04-07 Northrop Corp Electron beam line scanner device
US3539719A (en) * 1967-07-24 1970-11-10 Northrop Corp Electron beam scanning device
US3612944A (en) * 1969-06-30 1971-10-12 Northrop Corp Electron beam scanner having plural coded dynode electrodes
US3622828A (en) * 1969-12-01 1971-11-23 Us Army Flat display tube with addressable cathode
US3646382A (en) * 1970-07-20 1972-02-29 Northrop Corp Electron beam scanning device for symbol and graphical information
US3671795A (en) * 1970-08-28 1972-06-20 Northrop Corp High contrast display for electron beam scanner
US3678330A (en) * 1970-05-01 1972-07-18 Northrop Corp Multi-beam electron beam scanner utilizing a modulation plate for modulating each of the beams independently
US3683230A (en) * 1970-05-22 1972-08-08 Northrop Corp Electron beam line scanner with zig zag control electrodes
US3701922A (en) * 1970-08-31 1972-10-31 Northrop Corp Electron beam line scanner with transverse binary control
US3701923A (en) * 1971-09-09 1972-10-31 Northrop Corp Inherent storage for charged particle beam scanner
US3723800A (en) * 1971-02-08 1973-03-27 Northrop Corp Charged particle beam scanning apparatus with video switching network
US3746909A (en) * 1970-10-26 1973-07-17 Northrop Corp Area electron flood gun
US3769540A (en) * 1970-10-26 1973-10-30 Northrop Corp Area electron flood gun
US3825922A (en) * 1972-02-08 1974-07-23 Philips Corp Channel plate display device having positive optical feedback
US3845241A (en) * 1973-02-02 1974-10-29 Zenith Radio Corp Television display panel having gas discharge cathodo-luminescent elements
US3848247A (en) * 1973-02-07 1974-11-12 North Hills Electronics Inc Multi-dimensional liquid crystal assembly addressing system
US3872352A (en) * 1972-05-25 1975-03-18 Oki Electric Ind Co Ltd Cold cathode discharge display apparatus
US3914634A (en) * 1971-12-23 1975-10-21 Philips Corp Channel plate acting as discrete secondary-emissive dynodes
US3936697A (en) * 1974-04-25 1976-02-03 Texas Instruments Incorporated Charged particle beam scanning device
US3989355A (en) * 1975-01-21 1976-11-02 Xerox Corporation Electro-optic display system
US3997812A (en) * 1975-01-29 1976-12-14 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Digitizing matrix for electron beams
US4028575A (en) * 1975-11-28 1977-06-07 Rca Corporation Electron multiplier image display device
US4030090A (en) * 1975-12-17 1977-06-14 Rca Corporation Flat image display device utilizing digital modulation
US4051468A (en) * 1976-07-28 1977-09-27 Rca Corporation Apparatus and method for modulating a flat panel display device
US4070578A (en) * 1976-07-30 1978-01-24 Timothy John G Detector array and method
DE2758729A1 (de) * 1976-12-29 1978-07-06 Victor Company Of Japan Fluoreszenz-anzeigeroehre und zugehoerige schaltung
EP0024656A1 (en) * 1979-08-16 1981-03-11 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Flat display device
US4871949A (en) * 1987-01-23 1989-10-03 Albert Abramson Cathode ray tube
US5525861A (en) * 1993-04-30 1996-06-11 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Display apparatus having first and second internal spaces
US5680634A (en) * 1991-01-16 1997-10-21 Estes; Mark D. Fixed interconnection network method and apparatus for a modular mixed-resolution, N-dimensional configuration control mechanism

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GB2110465A (en) * 1981-11-09 1983-06-15 Philips Electronic Associated Flat panel display tube
WO1997027615A1 (en) * 1996-01-25 1997-07-31 Era Patents Limited Photomultiplier

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Cited By (33)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3539719A (en) * 1967-07-24 1970-11-10 Northrop Corp Electron beam scanning device
US3483422A (en) * 1968-07-26 1969-12-09 Northrop Corp Electron beam scanner with transverse digital control
US3505559A (en) * 1968-09-25 1970-04-07 Northrop Corp Electron beam line scanner device
US3612944A (en) * 1969-06-30 1971-10-12 Northrop Corp Electron beam scanner having plural coded dynode electrodes
US3622828A (en) * 1969-12-01 1971-11-23 Us Army Flat display tube with addressable cathode
US3678330A (en) * 1970-05-01 1972-07-18 Northrop Corp Multi-beam electron beam scanner utilizing a modulation plate for modulating each of the beams independently
US3683230A (en) * 1970-05-22 1972-08-08 Northrop Corp Electron beam line scanner with zig zag control electrodes
US3646382A (en) * 1970-07-20 1972-02-29 Northrop Corp Electron beam scanning device for symbol and graphical information
US3671795A (en) * 1970-08-28 1972-06-20 Northrop Corp High contrast display for electron beam scanner
US3701922A (en) * 1970-08-31 1972-10-31 Northrop Corp Electron beam line scanner with transverse binary control
US3746909A (en) * 1970-10-26 1973-07-17 Northrop Corp Area electron flood gun
US3769540A (en) * 1970-10-26 1973-10-30 Northrop Corp Area electron flood gun
US3723800A (en) * 1971-02-08 1973-03-27 Northrop Corp Charged particle beam scanning apparatus with video switching network
US3701923A (en) * 1971-09-09 1972-10-31 Northrop Corp Inherent storage for charged particle beam scanner
US3914634A (en) * 1971-12-23 1975-10-21 Philips Corp Channel plate acting as discrete secondary-emissive dynodes
US3825922A (en) * 1972-02-08 1974-07-23 Philips Corp Channel plate display device having positive optical feedback
US3872352A (en) * 1972-05-25 1975-03-18 Oki Electric Ind Co Ltd Cold cathode discharge display apparatus
US3845241A (en) * 1973-02-02 1974-10-29 Zenith Radio Corp Television display panel having gas discharge cathodo-luminescent elements
US3848247A (en) * 1973-02-07 1974-11-12 North Hills Electronics Inc Multi-dimensional liquid crystal assembly addressing system
US3936697A (en) * 1974-04-25 1976-02-03 Texas Instruments Incorporated Charged particle beam scanning device
US3989355A (en) * 1975-01-21 1976-11-02 Xerox Corporation Electro-optic display system
US3997812A (en) * 1975-01-29 1976-12-14 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Digitizing matrix for electron beams
US4028575A (en) * 1975-11-28 1977-06-07 Rca Corporation Electron multiplier image display device
US4030090A (en) * 1975-12-17 1977-06-14 Rca Corporation Flat image display device utilizing digital modulation
US4051468A (en) * 1976-07-28 1977-09-27 Rca Corporation Apparatus and method for modulating a flat panel display device
US4070578A (en) * 1976-07-30 1978-01-24 Timothy John G Detector array and method
DE2758729A1 (de) * 1976-12-29 1978-07-06 Victor Company Of Japan Fluoreszenz-anzeigeroehre und zugehoerige schaltung
EP0024656A1 (en) * 1979-08-16 1981-03-11 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Flat display device
US4356427A (en) * 1979-08-16 1982-10-26 Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Flat display device
US4871949A (en) * 1987-01-23 1989-10-03 Albert Abramson Cathode ray tube
US5680634A (en) * 1991-01-16 1997-10-21 Estes; Mark D. Fixed interconnection network method and apparatus for a modular mixed-resolution, N-dimensional configuration control mechanism
US5852740A (en) * 1991-01-16 1998-12-22 Estes; Mark D. Polymorphic network methods and apparatus
US5525861A (en) * 1993-04-30 1996-06-11 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Display apparatus having first and second internal spaces

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1576713A (zh) 1969-08-01
DE1764749B2 (de) 1973-10-04
DE1764749A1 (de) 1972-03-16
NL6810685A (zh) 1970-01-29
DE1764749C3 (de) 1974-05-02

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