US3407651A - Tensile testing machine - Google Patents

Tensile testing machine Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3407651A
US3407651A US576142A US57614266A US3407651A US 3407651 A US3407651 A US 3407651A US 576142 A US576142 A US 576142A US 57614266 A US57614266 A US 57614266A US 3407651 A US3407651 A US 3407651A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
piston
tensile testing
testing machine
pressure
test
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US576142A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Sophy Yvon
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
Original Assignee
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA filed Critical Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3407651A publication Critical patent/US3407651A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/30—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight
    • G01N3/307—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight generated by a compressed or tensile-stressed spring; generated by pneumatic or hydraulic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B45/00—Engines characterised by operating on non-liquid fuels other than gas; Plants including such engines
    • F02B45/06—Engines characterised by operating on non-liquid fuels other than gas; Plants including such engines operating on fuel containing oxidant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B1/00—Installations or systems with accumulators; Supply reservoir or sump assemblies
    • F15B1/02—Installations or systems with accumulators
    • F15B1/024—Installations or systems with accumulators used as a supplementary power source, e.g. to store energy in idle periods to balance pump load
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
    • G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels

Definitions

  • the present invention is concerned with a tensile testing machine which makes it possible to apply a constant tractive force on a test-piece at a relatively very high rate of the order of 40 to 50 m./s. in particular.
  • the profile of the pressure curve as a function of time is a bell-shaped curve, the shape of which is very variable from one test to another in respect of a same weight of powder.
  • the aim of this invention is to overcome the disadvantages referred-to above and is accordingly concerned with a tensile testing machine which utilizes the expansion of a previously compressed gas, the initial instant of commencement of said expansion being controlled with high precision by the sudden rupture of a component by means of an explosive charge after the test-piece has been loaded.
  • Said tensile testing machine is characterized in that it comprises a stationary cylinder which is fitted internally with a movable piston, a piston-rod coupled to the extremity of a test-piece, a rigid head positionally adjustable relatively to said stationary cylinder and coupled to the other extremity of said test-piece, means whereby a compressed gas at variable pressure is admitted into said stationary cylinder on one face of said piston, frangible member which provides a temporary coupling between said movable piston and said stationary cylinder and which is adapted to fail by fast fracture initiated by explosive means.
  • the frangible member which is adapted to fail by fast fracture is constituted by at least one coupling tube having a zone of lesser resistance which can be caused to fracture at a precise predetermined instant by firing an explosive charge.
  • each coupling tube is enclosed within a demountable support bracket constructed in two sections respectively coupled to the movable piston and the stationary cylinder, vents being provided through said support bracket so as to permit the discharge of burnt gases after explosion of the charge.
  • the stationary cylinder comprises a hydraulic brake which absorbs the residual energy of the compressed gas at the end of travel of the movable piston, said brake being constituted by a second piston having a conical profile and adapted to deliver progressively a viscous fluid and especially oil into a low-pressure storage tank which is connected to said stationary cylinder.
  • the rigid head is provided for the positional adjustment thereof with a hand-wheel designed to cooperate with a screw which is rigidly fixed to said cylinder, said head being fitted with a detachable rod, the extremity of said rod being adapted 0t receive the test-piece.
  • said rod can serve as a dynamometer by measuring its deformation.
  • the means employed for admitting a compressed-gas pressure into the cylinder are preferably constituted by a compressor which may be associated with a motor pump and oil supply tank so as to increase the gas pressure within a chamber which communicates with said stationary cylinder.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic sectional view of a tensile testing machine which is constructed in accordance with the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view on a larger scale showing a detail of FIG. 1.
  • the machine which is shown in FIG. 1 essentially comprises a cylinder block 1 inside which is provided a chamber 2, a piston 4 mounted within said chamber, a pistonrod 5 provided with an extension in the form of a crosshead 6 on which is fixed one of the extremities of a metal test-piece 7 with a view to subjecting this latter to a high-speed tensile test.
  • the other extremity of said testpiece 7 is secured by any suitable means to a detachable rod 8 which is in turn secured to a rigid head 9 placed above the cylinder block 1.
  • the position of said head relatively to the cylinder block can be adjusted by means of a hand-wheel 10 forming a nut which is adapted to cooperate with a screw 11, the lower end 12 of which is rigidly secured to the cylinder block 1. by means of a fixing member 13.
  • the crosshead 6 is coupled with the stationary cylinder 1 by means of a support bracket 14 which is secured to said cylinder by means of the screw 11, the coupling between said crosshead and said bracket being provided by two detonation tubes 15, one particular design of which is illustrated on a larger scale in FIG. 2.
  • Each coupling or detonation tube comprises a body 16 of cylindrical shape having a necked central portion 17.
  • the body 16 is formed of high-tensile steel in such a manner that the lower resistance of the portion 17 makes it possible to produce a clean fracture of the coupling tube at this point.
  • the coupling tube is accordingly provided with a blindend bore 18 within which is introduced an explosive charge 19, then a detonator 20 which is connected by lead-wires such as the wire 21 to an electrical apparatus (not shown in the drawings) for the purpose of firing the detonator and instantaneously fracturing the coupling tube in its necked portion 17.
  • the support bracket 14 is provided with vents for the discharge of burnt gases.
  • the coupling tube 15 is secured at one end to the support 3 bracket 14 by means of a nut 22 and at the other end to the crosshead 6 by virtue of the threaded portion 23 of said tube.
  • a neeedle valve 30 provides a connection between the bottle 26 and the duct 25 whilst a second small duct 31 or by-pass duct is fitted with a valve 32.
  • the intended functionOn of said sec ond small duct is to permit the opening of the needle valve 30 without undue effort and generally to duplicate the connection just mentioned.
  • a third valve 33 serves to connect the space 24 to the atmosphere whilst a gate-valve 52 serves to connect the vessel 26 to the atmosphere via the line 53.
  • the piston 4 also defines within the chamber 2 a space 34 within which is mounted a second piston 35, the end 36 of which has a slightly conical profile which enables said piston to perform the function of a hydraulic brake.
  • the lower end of the chamber 2 is connected to a casing 37 which forms an extension of the cylinder block 1 and terminate in a tubular chamber 38 containing a given quantity 39 of a viscous damping fluid and especially oil.
  • a gas cushion 40 which preferably consists of slightly compressed air, said gas being admitted through a line 41 fitted with gatevalves 42 and 43 and a relief-valve 44, the gas pressure being adjusted to a fairly low value which is controlled by means of a manometer 45.
  • a connecting-pipe 46 between the tubular chamber 38 and the space 34 of the cylinder 2 for the purpose of establishing pressure equilibrium and returning the damping piston 35 and the piston 4 to their initial positions as will become apparent hereinafter.
  • the equipment of the machine is completed by a motor pump set 48 of conventional design for delivering oil from a supply tank 49 through a pipe 50 to the lower end of the bottle 26, the level within this latter being measured and controlled by means of an apparatus 51.
  • the operation of the tensile testing machine as hereinabove described is as follows: the detonation tubes 15 having been placed in position in such a manner as to couple the crosshead 6 to the support bracket 14, the test-piece 7 is secured at one end to the crosshead 6 and at the other end to the rod 8, the position of which is adjusted together with the position of the head 9 by means of the hand-wheel 10.
  • a compressed-gas or compressed-air pressure is admitted into the tubular chamber 38 via the pipe 41, said pressure being equal to approximately 1 bar.
  • the gate-valve 43 is then closed, the pistons 4 and 35 being in the positions shown in FIG. 1.
  • the pressure within the bottle 26 is regulated to a predetermined value which is equal to 200 bars at a maximum value.
  • the pressurized gas contained in the cylinder block 1 expands and the piston 4 exerts a tensile stress on the test-piece with sufficient acceleration to 0b- Cit tain the desired speed (by way of example, in the case of a working stroke of the piston of approximately 50 millimeters, the speed obtained is of the order of 48 m./s.)
  • the piston 4 comes into contact with the second piston 35 which, by means of its conical portion 36, progressively drives the oil 39 back into the tubular chamber 38 through an orifice which becomes increasingly narrow until the speed is reduced to Zero.
  • the mode of operation is initially similar to the process which has been described above, the pressure of the gas within the bottle 26 being set at the maximum value delivered by the compressor.
  • the motor pump set 48 is then started up so as to deliver the oil contained in the supply tank 49 through the pipe 50 into the bottle 26 and thus to establish the new pressure which is desired.
  • the machine then operates as in the condition previously described, the oil being returned to the supply tank 49 by means of a valve 47.
  • a high speed tensile testing machine for a test piece comprising a stationary cylinder block, a movable piston in said block, a piston rod coupled to said piston and to an extremity of the test piece, a rigid head carried by and positionally adjustable relative to said cylinder block and coupled to the other extremity of the test piece, means for admitting a compressed gas at variable pressure into said cylinder block on the face of said piston adjacent the test piece, a frangible member providing a temporary coupling between said piston and said cylinder block preventing movement of said piston by the compressed gas, said frangible member failing by fast fracture and comprising at least one coupling tube, said tube including a zone of lesser resistance, an explosive charge in said tube whereby said tube may be fractured at a predetermined instant by firing said explosive charge, a demountable support bracket on said cylinder block enclosing said tube, said tube being constructed in two sections respectively coupled to said piston and to said cylinder block and vents through said support bracket for discharge of burnt gases after explosion of the charge.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
US576142A 1965-09-02 1966-08-30 Tensile testing machine Expired - Lifetime US3407651A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR30214A FR1458395A (fr) 1965-09-02 1965-09-02 Machine de traction

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3407651A true US3407651A (en) 1968-10-29

Family

ID=8587662

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US576142A Expired - Lifetime US3407651A (en) 1965-09-02 1966-08-30 Tensile testing machine

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US3407651A (fr)
BE (1) BE685855A (fr)
CH (1) CH463147A (fr)
DE (1) DE1573443A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES330847A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR1458395A (fr)
GB (1) GB1086337A (fr)
LU (1) LU51867A1 (fr)
NL (1) NL6612247A (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3667288A (en) * 1970-03-02 1972-06-06 John E Hargreaves Tensile testing machine
EP0007740A1 (fr) * 1978-07-11 1980-02-06 European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) Machine monoaxiale ou multiaxiale d'essais en dynamique de grandes structures
DE2944117A1 (de) * 1978-10-30 1980-05-08 Mts System Corp Stroemungsregelventil
US4274290A (en) * 1978-10-30 1981-06-23 Mts Systems Corporation Rapid opening, high flow control valve for hydraulic actuator
EP0210602A1 (fr) * 1985-07-30 1987-02-04 Communaute Europeenne De L'energie Atomique (Euratom) Dispositif de fixation d'une barre de test permettant de la libérer brusquement
EP0555509A1 (fr) * 1992-02-14 1993-08-18 Carl Schenck Ag Machine d'essai rapide de traction
CN112033812A (zh) * 2020-08-12 2020-12-04 成都北方石油勘探开发技术有限公司 一种水力剪切压裂剪胀导流能力的测试方法及系统

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
LU86017A1 (fr) * 1985-07-24 1986-08-04 Euratom Dispositif de fixation d'une barre de test en traction axiale
DE3779126D1 (de) * 1987-11-04 1992-06-17 Schenck Ag Carl Maschine fuer die schnellzerreisspruefung.
DE3910364C2 (de) * 1989-03-31 2001-09-06 Schenck Ag Carl Prüfmaschine und Prüfverfahren für Proben oder Prüfkörper
CN108444811A (zh) * 2018-03-14 2018-08-24 陈宇翔 一种特种高分子材料设备
CN113586538B (zh) * 2021-08-02 2023-10-24 中机试验装备股份有限公司 一种节能双驱动耦合动态作动器

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3057190A (en) * 1957-12-20 1962-10-09 Allegany Instr Company Inc Materials testing
US3102421A (en) * 1960-06-21 1963-09-03 Union Carbide Corp High speed tensile testing
US3142980A (en) * 1962-07-02 1964-08-04 Axel G H Andersen Fast acting tensile tester
US3218847A (en) * 1963-06-26 1965-11-23 Robert L Starer Apparatus and method for material testing at high strain rates

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3057190A (en) * 1957-12-20 1962-10-09 Allegany Instr Company Inc Materials testing
US3102421A (en) * 1960-06-21 1963-09-03 Union Carbide Corp High speed tensile testing
US3142980A (en) * 1962-07-02 1964-08-04 Axel G H Andersen Fast acting tensile tester
US3218847A (en) * 1963-06-26 1965-11-23 Robert L Starer Apparatus and method for material testing at high strain rates

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3667288A (en) * 1970-03-02 1972-06-06 John E Hargreaves Tensile testing machine
EP0007740A1 (fr) * 1978-07-11 1980-02-06 European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) Machine monoaxiale ou multiaxiale d'essais en dynamique de grandes structures
DE2944117A1 (de) * 1978-10-30 1980-05-08 Mts System Corp Stroemungsregelventil
US4274290A (en) * 1978-10-30 1981-06-23 Mts Systems Corporation Rapid opening, high flow control valve for hydraulic actuator
EP0210602A1 (fr) * 1985-07-30 1987-02-04 Communaute Europeenne De L'energie Atomique (Euratom) Dispositif de fixation d'une barre de test permettant de la libérer brusquement
EP0555509A1 (fr) * 1992-02-14 1993-08-18 Carl Schenck Ag Machine d'essai rapide de traction
US5421205A (en) * 1992-02-14 1995-06-06 Carl Schenck Ag Apparatus for the rapid ultimate material strength testing of test samples
CN112033812A (zh) * 2020-08-12 2020-12-04 成都北方石油勘探开发技术有限公司 一种水力剪切压裂剪胀导流能力的测试方法及系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL6612247A (fr) 1967-03-03
DE1573443A1 (de) 1970-05-21
GB1086337A (en) 1967-10-11
BE685855A (fr) 1967-02-01
ES330847A1 (es) 1967-07-01
FR1458395A (fr) 1966-03-04
LU51867A1 (fr) 1966-11-03
CH463147A (fr) 1968-09-30

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3407651A (en) Tensile testing machine
KR101727405B1 (ko) Shpb 충격시험 전용 삼축 압축셀 및 이를 이용한 동적 삼축 전단 시험기법
Davidson et al. Residual stresses in thick-walled cylinders resulting from mechanically induced overstrain: Purpose of investigation is to determine the residual-stress distribution as a function of magnitude of overstrain and diameter ratio, and how it affects the reyielding characteristics of cylinders autofrettage by sliding-wedged technique
US4140041A (en) Explosive-forming device for the obturation of a pipe by compression
US4049367A (en) Apparatus for generating shock waves by means of a supersonic projectile
US3823600A (en) Pneumatic linear accelerator
US3628378A (en) Pneumatic portable dynamometer
GB1512614A (en) Apparatus for testing or measuring deformation and fracture of test-pieces under multiaxial tension or compression
US2725742A (en) Apparatus for fatigue testing of hollow bodies
US3338092A (en) Dynamic biaxial testing machine
Bauer et al. Detonation of insensitive dense gaseous mixtures in tubes
US3377841A (en) Hydrostatic and dynamic testing apparatus
DE2059956B2 (de) Impulsgeber fuer dynamische geschuetzpruefeinrichtungen
SU531062A1 (ru) Устройство дл испытани элементов сейсмостойких сооружений
SU491860A1 (ru) Устройство дл образовани гидроудара
US3043137A (en) High pressure device
SU1019278A1 (ru) Стенд дл испытаний материалов на воздействие трехосного динамического пропорционального сжати
SU815583A1 (ru) Установка дл испытани образцовпРи TPEXOCHOM СжАТии ТипА
RU124391U1 (ru) Пневматический сейсмоударный стенд
Kendall et al. A compact shock-assisted free-piston driver for impulse facilities
Gladkovskii et al. Apparatus for investigating the mechanical qualities of metals under high hydrostatic pressure
SU968656A1 (ru) Стенд дл динамических испытаний
SU415530A1 (ru) Устройство для создания единичных импульсов высокого давления
Luntz et al. High-strain-rate tests on titanium 6-6-2 utilizing a unique rate-testing machine: A materials-test system employing both hydraulic and pneumatic modes of operation was developed for testing brittle materials from 10− 4 to 10 2/s strain rates
De Icaza et al. Design operation and test of a light gas gun in a developing country