EP0007740A1 - Machine monoaxiale ou multiaxiale d'essais en dynamique de grandes structures - Google Patents

Machine monoaxiale ou multiaxiale d'essais en dynamique de grandes structures Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0007740A1
EP0007740A1 EP79301353A EP79301353A EP0007740A1 EP 0007740 A1 EP0007740 A1 EP 0007740A1 EP 79301353 A EP79301353 A EP 79301353A EP 79301353 A EP79301353 A EP 79301353A EP 0007740 A1 EP0007740 A1 EP 0007740A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cable
test
securing
axis
piece
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP79301353A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0007740B1 (fr
Inventor
Carlo Albertini
Umberto Buzzi
Peter Gritzmann
Mario Montagnani
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
European Atomic Energy Community Euratom
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European Atomic Energy Community Euratom
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by European Atomic Energy Community Euratom filed Critical European Atomic Energy Community Euratom
Publication of EP0007740A1 publication Critical patent/EP0007740A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0007740B1 publication Critical patent/EP0007740B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/30—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight
    • G01N3/307—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight generated by a compressed or tensile-stressed spring; generated by pneumatic or hydraulic means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/30—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight
    • G01N3/313—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight generated by explosives
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
    • G01N2203/0254—Biaxial, the forces being applied along two normal axes of the specimen
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
    • G01N2203/0256—Triaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along three normal axes of the specimen
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
    • G01N2203/0262—Shape of the specimen
    • G01N2203/0272—Cruciform specimens
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/04—Chucks, fixtures, jaws, holders or anvils
    • G01N2203/0441—Chucks, fixtures, jaws, holders or anvils with dampers or shock absorbing means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to apparatus for performing single-axis or multi-axial dynamic tests on large structures.
  • the constituent dynamic equations are a very important parameter in the study of incidents in nuclear reactors and dynamically stressed structures in general.
  • a knowledge of these equations is essential not only for homogeneous materials, such as steel, but also for composite structures such as a section of the reactor core or a reinforced concrete structure.
  • a homogeneous material can be studied in small test-pieces, whereas in order to study a composite structure or material, it is necessary to have a relatively large cross-section in order to represent the entire material, which can then be considered as homogeneous.
  • Test apparatuses exist for the first case (see Italian Patent Specification No. 985 074 dated 16th May 1973), but for the second case there are no known apparatuses which are adequate to perform tests requiring heavy loads, rapid application of the load, and a long duration of loading under conditions where the force of the load is closely controlled.
  • the apparatus described in the afore-mentioned patent is not suitable for direct application to heavy loads since the device for release of the load comprises a fragile intermediate member which has prohibitive dimensions.
  • special precautions are necessary vith regard to the safety of the installation during testing, e.g. in the case of the hydraulic jack for tensioning the cable and the braking means for preventing the cable from being compressed.
  • the present invention provides a novel apparatus for studying the behaviour of materials with continually increasing stages of stress, and for investigating the strain hardening of materials due to successive plastic deformation thereof, with particular regard to the dynamics of large structures under heavy, rapidly changing loads.
  • the proposed apparatus comprises, for each stress axis to be tested, a loading cable for applying a force to the test-piece, either in tension or in compression, a hydraulic jack for tensioning the cable, a structure for securing the cable, optionally at discrete intervals along its length, a stopping and releasing device for securing the cable before the test and for propagating a load wave to the test-piece after the'release mechanism has been actuated, a recoil shock-absorber, and at least one device for limiting lateral oscillations of the cable.
  • the cable-securing structure is a tabular structure which operates under compression.
  • the device for stopping and releasing the cable under tension comprises explosive bolts with electric detonators synchronized to a microsecond.
  • Figure 1 shows a steel cable 1, acting as an energy accumulator, secured at one end 2 by a hydraulic jack 3 to a stationary reinforced-concrete holder 4.
  • the other end 5 is mechanically connected to a test-piece 6 which, in the biaxial embodiment, is connected to another cable 7 at right angles to cable 1 and is secured by retaining means 8, 9 to a bunker 10.
  • retaining means 8, 9 to a bunker 10.
  • a double cable is provided for each direction of force and holds the test-piece 6 at either end (cruciform embodiment).
  • cable 1 is held horizontal and secured by appropriate intermediate means 11, 12 disposed along its entire length (e.g. 100 m) at discrete intervals.
  • a release mechanism 13 is disposed at the bunker end of the cable and comprises two electrically synchronized explosive bolts 14, 15 and a recoil shock-absorber 16 made up of springs in series and in parallel.
  • Figure 2 is a sectional, side view of the apparatus of Figure 1 taken along the line AA of Figure 1. Like elements bear like numbers.
  • the loading cable 1 is relatively long, to provide a long-duration tension pulse.
  • a suitable device for applying a load to the test-piece is used for tensile and compression testing.
  • the cable is dimensioned so that it can easily reach a permissible load of several hundred tonnes, by taking advantage of the fact that the cable is made up of relatively thin wires which can bear,high permitted loads.
  • the hydraulic jack 3 is required for tensioning the cable.
  • the structure 4 bearing the axial force can comprise tubular structure operating under compression, or two stationary securing means at the ends.
  • the stopping and release device 13, which holds the end of the cable before the test, can propagate a load wave to the test-piece secured at the end of the cable, after some securing means 14,15 has broken.
  • Release is obtained by exploding electric detonators placed in a recess inside each component (e.g. each explosive bolt)of the release mechanism, the components being electrically synchronized to within microseconds.
  • each component e.g. each explosive bolt
  • the recoil shock-absorber 16 made up of sets of springs in series or in parallel, prevents the cable from changing over to the state of compression, and thus damps down the stresses which are continuously reflected after impact against the shock-absorber.
  • the stress axes can be parallel (shear forces) or variously inclined or at right angles or in different planes which may or may not be at right angles, so that a variety of stresses can be applied to the cross-section under test.
  • An alternative load device can comprises explosive charges synchronized with the action of the cable.
  • the protective bunker which is the main stationary part of the machine structure, is an element common to all axes.
  • the intermediate means for securing the cable all the way along its length can be used for applying successive degrees of force when stressing the cross-section under test, the duration of the force being proportional to the length of the cable portions which are progressively released from the securing means.
  • the device can be used to study the behaviour of materials under continuously increasing states of stress, or more particularly for investigating strain hardening due to successive plastic deformation, or for studying relaxation phenomena.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
EP79301353A 1978-07-11 1979-07-10 Machine monoaxiale ou multiaxiale d'essais en dynamique de grandes structures Expired EP0007740B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT5024878 1978-07-11
IT50248/78A IT1156855B (it) 1978-07-11 1978-07-11 Macchina multiassiale per prove in dinamica di grandi strutture

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0007740A1 true EP0007740A1 (fr) 1980-02-06
EP0007740B1 EP0007740B1 (fr) 1982-04-14

Family

ID=11272562

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP79301353A Expired EP0007740B1 (fr) 1978-07-11 1979-07-10 Machine monoaxiale ou multiaxiale d'essais en dynamique de grandes structures

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0007740B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS5533692A (fr)
CA (1) CA1134170A (fr)
DE (1) DE2962510D1 (fr)
IT (1) IT1156855B (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0209889A1 (fr) * 1985-07-24 1987-01-28 Communaute Europeenne De L'energie Atomique (Euratom) Dispositif de fixation d'une barre de test en traction axiale
EP0210602A1 (fr) * 1985-07-30 1987-02-04 Communaute Europeenne De L'energie Atomique (Euratom) Dispositif de fixation d'une barre de test permettant de la libérer brusquement
FR2672682A1 (fr) * 1991-02-13 1992-08-14 Couval Sa Dispositif pour realiser des essais de resistance, de fatigue et de choc.
EP0848264A1 (fr) * 1996-12-12 1998-06-17 European Community Appareil pour la simulation d'une onde sismique
WO1998033053A1 (fr) * 1997-01-24 1998-07-30 European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) Ameliorations concernant la mesure des proprietes des materiaux ou des structures
FR2821427A1 (fr) * 2001-02-28 2002-08-30 Valeo Equip Electr Moteur Bloc pour l'excitation vibratoire d'une structure

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109752155B (zh) * 2019-01-08 2021-02-02 上海航天精密机械研究所 结构件静力试验固定边界自由度释放系统

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3270556A (en) * 1963-10-10 1966-09-06 Aerojet General Co Explosively actuated tensile testing device
US3407651A (en) * 1965-09-02 1968-10-29 Commissariat Energie Atomique Tensile testing machine
FR2194965A1 (fr) * 1972-08-04 1974-03-01 Anvar
FR2229967A1 (fr) * 1973-05-16 1974-12-13 Euratom
FR2308927A1 (fr) * 1975-04-24 1976-11-19 Euratom Appareil d'essais dynamiques de deformation et rupture d'eprouvettes multiaxiales, en traction et compression

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3270556A (en) * 1963-10-10 1966-09-06 Aerojet General Co Explosively actuated tensile testing device
US3407651A (en) * 1965-09-02 1968-10-29 Commissariat Energie Atomique Tensile testing machine
FR2194965A1 (fr) * 1972-08-04 1974-03-01 Anvar
FR2229967A1 (fr) * 1973-05-16 1974-12-13 Euratom
FR2308927A1 (fr) * 1975-04-24 1976-11-19 Euratom Appareil d'essais dynamiques de deformation et rupture d'eprouvettes multiaxiales, en traction et compression

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
MATERIALS TESTING, Vol. 18, No. 4, April 1976, Dusseldorf DE H. WINKLER: "Testing machine for triaxial strenght studies on concrete specimens", pages 127-133. * Complete * *
WELDING JOURNAL, Vol. 27, No. 11, November 1948, Miami, USA G. WELTER "Two new methods for testing triaxial specimens", pages 529 to 536. * Complete * *

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0209889A1 (fr) * 1985-07-24 1987-01-28 Communaute Europeenne De L'energie Atomique (Euratom) Dispositif de fixation d'une barre de test en traction axiale
EP0210602A1 (fr) * 1985-07-30 1987-02-04 Communaute Europeenne De L'energie Atomique (Euratom) Dispositif de fixation d'une barre de test permettant de la libérer brusquement
FR2672682A1 (fr) * 1991-02-13 1992-08-14 Couval Sa Dispositif pour realiser des essais de resistance, de fatigue et de choc.
EP0504083A1 (fr) * 1991-02-13 1992-09-16 Couval S.A. Dispositif pour réaliser des essais de résistance et de fatigue
EP0848264A1 (fr) * 1996-12-12 1998-06-17 European Community Appareil pour la simulation d'une onde sismique
WO1998026311A1 (fr) * 1996-12-12 1998-06-18 European Community Appareil de simulation d'ondes seismiques
WO1998033053A1 (fr) * 1997-01-24 1998-07-30 European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) Ameliorations concernant la mesure des proprietes des materiaux ou des structures
FR2821427A1 (fr) * 2001-02-28 2002-08-30 Valeo Equip Electr Moteur Bloc pour l'excitation vibratoire d'une structure

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT1156855B (it) 1987-02-04
EP0007740B1 (fr) 1982-04-14
IT7850248A0 (it) 1978-07-11
DE2962510D1 (en) 1982-05-27
CA1134170A (fr) 1982-10-26
JPS5533692A (en) 1980-03-08

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