US340599A - Method of manufacturing shovels - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet 1.

H. M. MYERS. METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SHOVELS, SPADES, ANDSGOOPS.

Patented Apr; 27, 1886.

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(No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet 2.

H. M. MYERS. METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SHOVBLS, SPADBS, AND SGOOPS. No. 340,599. Patented Apr. 27, 1886.

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H.M.M YERS, METHOD 0]? MANUFAGTURING SHOVELS, SPADES, AND SCOOPS. No. 340.599. Patentd Apr. 27,1886.

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H. M. MYERS. METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SHOVELS, SPADBS, AND sooors.

No. 340,599. Patented Apr. 27, 1886.

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- H. M. MYERS. METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SHOVELS, SPADES, AND SGOOPS. No. 340,599. Patented Apr. 27, 1886.

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HENRY M. MYERS, OF BEAVER FALLS, PENNSYLVANIA METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SHOVELS, SPADES, AND SCOOPS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 340,599, dated April 27, 1886. 7

Application filed April 8. 1885. Serial No. 161,616. (No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern.-

Be itknown that I, HENRY M. MYERs, acitizen of the United States, residing at Beaver Falls, in the county of Beaver and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certian new and useful Improvements in Methods of Manufacturing Shovels, Spades, and Scoops, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings.

In the art of making shovels the great desideratum of the manufacturer is to produce the article with facility and by the employment of as little skilled labor as possible, so that he can furnishthe trade with shovels at the minimum of cost. 7

In the present state of the art the manner of constructing shovels is such that a large amount of the labor employed is skilled labor, and the process of forming the shovel-bladc and its handle-straps consumes much time, and their production is costly.

The object of my improvement is to dispense with most of the skilled labor now employed in the making of shovels, spades, and scoops, and to produce them with facility and at a diminished cost, which is accomplished by a method consisting, first, in heating a blank for making a shovel, spade, or scoop; second, in splitting the tang of said blank for forming the handle-straps and socket for the wooden handle; third, in breaking down said blank and partially reducing it by apair of breakingdown rol1s; f0urth,in further re ducing the said partially-reduced blank by a pair of finishing-rolls,"and, finally, pointing said reduced blank by a pair of pointingrolls, the whole being done at one heat and one continuous operation, whereby the shovel, spade, or scoop is finished to the point where it is ready for the shearing operation, as will hereinafter more fully appear.

To enable others skilled in the art to which myinvention is most nearly connected to make and use it, I will proceed to describe its construction and operation.

In the accompanying drawings,which form part of this specification, Figure 1 represents a diagram of the plant employed for carrying out the several steps of my invention. -Fig. 2 represents a vertical longitudinal section of a furnace employed for heating the bars of metal prior to cutting them into blanks for shovels. Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a blank for making a shovel, spade, 'or scoop. Fig. 4 is a front elevation of a machine employed to split the tang of the blank and form the socket in the blank for receiving the end of the wooden handle. Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the blank after its tang has been split and the socket formed therein. Fig. 6 is a front elevation of a pair of reducingrolls for breaking down and partially rolling the blank shown in. Fig. 5. Fig. 7 is a front elevation of a pair of finishing-rolls for the further reduction of the blank. plan of the blank when rolled out and ready for the shearing process. Fig. 9 is a perspective view of a pair of rolls, representing the manner of introducing the blank between the rolls hereinbefore mentioned. 7

The several instrnmentalities hereinbefore mentioned and shown maybe of any known construction and operation, and are not claimed as being of my invention, separately considered.

The furnace for heating the, blank (shown in Fig. 2) is located as represented in the diagram, Fig. 1, and marked 1, with relation to the splittingmachine, (marked 2111 the diagram, and shown in Fig. 4,) which machine splits the tang A of the blank 13, (shown in Fig. 3,) and forms the socket therein for the lower end of the wooden handle of the shovel, as indicated in Fig. 5. A little cinder is then placed in the socket and between the two parts of the split tangs, to prevent their welding together whilermdergoing the rolling process. The blank is then removed to the breakingdown rolls, (marked 3 in the diagram, and represented in Fig. 6,) between which the blank is passed several times and reduced in thickness and increased in length. From this pair of rolls the partially-rednced blank is removed to the finishing-rolls, (marked 4. in the diagram, and represented in Fig. 7,) and passed between them until the blank is reduced to its desired thickness and length, and if it is desired to point the blank it is removed to a pair of eccentric rolls (marked 5 in the diagram, Fig. 1) and pointed, which operation is well understood in analogous arts.

Fig. 8 is a top view or The blank shown in Fig. 5 is always entered Q between the rolls, wit-h the tang entering first,

as shown in Fig. 9, and rolled lengthwise of the blank or blade of the shovel and its handle-straps, in contradistinction to the usual plan of rolling the blank transversely or at an oblique angle to the longitudinal axis of the blade and its handle-straps.

It has been found by experience that if the tang is not entered first between the rolls in the rolling of the blank they will spread laterally, as indicated by the dotted lines in Fig. 8.

The blank, after having been properly reduced, as hereinbefore described, is subjected to the shearing or trimming process, well knownin the art to which my invention relates, and is afterward given its desired form by suitable dies, provided with its wooden handle, and finished in any of the usual or preferred ways.

The rolls represented in Figs. 6 and 7 are of the construction required when it is desired to have the shovel-blade and handle-straps with increased thickness in the center throughout the length of the blade and straps, and diminishing in thickness toward the side edges thereof, in which case the curved recess in the roll or rolls of Fig. 6 (designated as the breakdown roll in the diagram) is greater than the curved recess of the roll or rolls of Fig. 7. (Designated as finishing-rolls in said diagram.)

Experience has demonstrated that this difference between the two mills or sets of rolls is a necessity in the reducing process hereinbefore described, which will be apparent to those skilled in the art of rolling metals; but when it is desired to have the shovel-blades of uniform thickness plain rolls will be substituted for the rolls shown in the drawings.

The blank employed in making shovels, and shown in Fig. 3, from the end 0 to D should be about equal in length to the desired width of the shovel-blade to be made therefrom.

It has been demonstrated by practice in my works at Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania, that by my method of manufacturing shovels and spades, hereinbefore described, in making one hundred dozens shovels or spades, five men and one boy accomplish it with more case and do better work than was formerly done in the said works by twenty-five men. In

addition, there is also this advantageviz.,

seventeen furnaces and fourteen tilt and steam hammers are dispensed with, and a saving of one hundred and forty bushels of coal is secured in the making ofthe said number of shovels or spades, which shovels or spades, under the said new method, are finished with more case, are better in quality, and the waste of stock diminished at least three pounds per dozen, and defects in the shovels and spades decreased nine-tenths, (9 which, taken in connection with the economy of room, of firebrick, and fire-clay, clearly indicates that the said method is a step forward in the art of making shovels and spades of no small proportion, and which saves in the manufacture of shovels and spades one dollar and two cents per dozen, which fact has been ascertained by careful observation of the working of said method and the expensesconnected therewith as compared with the bestmethod and means known to the art.

It will be observed by reference to the diagram shown in Fig. 1 that an auxiliary furnace (marked 3) is indicated, the function of which is to retain the heat in the blanks should any break in the continuity of the operation occur.

The blanks shown in Figs. 3 and 8 and the process involved in their production are claimed in other applications for Letters Patent, marked Cases 13, C, and E, respect ively, Serial Nos. 155,521, 155,522, 155,654, and the plant shown in the diagram, Fig. 1, is claimed in an application, Serial N 0. 161,277.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is The improvement in the art of making shovels to the shearingpoint, hereinbefore described, which consists in heating a blank, splitting the tang, and forming the socket for the handle at the same operation, breaking down and reducing the blank, and finally pointing the blank, the several steps being performed consecutively under one heating of the metal and one continuous operation, substantiall y as set forth and described.

- HENRY M. MYERS.

lVitnesses:

WM. \V. S. DYRE, D. O. R-EINOHL.

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