US3405757A - Method and apparatus for continuous casting of metal between oppositely rotatable cooling rolls set generally one above the other - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for continuous casting of metal between oppositely rotatable cooling rolls set generally one above the other Download PDF

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Publication number
US3405757A
US3405757A US633668A US63366867A US3405757A US 3405757 A US3405757 A US 3405757A US 633668 A US633668 A US 633668A US 63366867 A US63366867 A US 63366867A US 3405757 A US3405757 A US 3405757A
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United States
Prior art keywords
metal
rolls
nozzle
roll
cast
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Expired - Lifetime
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US633668A
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English (en)
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Leo M Harvey
Harvey Herbert
Homer M Harvey
Linden C Hill
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Harvey Aluminum Inc
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Harvey Aluminum Inc
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Priority to US633668A priority Critical patent/US3405757A/en
Priority to JP6606767A priority patent/JPS5315968B1/ja
Priority to NO171072A priority patent/NO121860B/no
Priority to GB1229810D priority patent/GB1229810A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
    • B22D11/0622—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars formed by two casting wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/50—Pouring-nozzles
    • B22D41/60—Pouring-nozzles with heating or cooling means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S425/00—Plastic article or earthenware shaping or treating: apparatus
    • Y10S425/235—Calendar

Definitions

  • molten metal is introduced through a nozzle positioned below and contiguous to a pair of opposed rotating rolls disposed with the line between their centers lying along the horizontal, the resultant casting being discharged vertically upwardly (see United States Patent 2,790,216).
  • the nozzle and rolls are heated from ambient to the operating temperature by the initial charge of molten metal. Upon contact with the cold rolls, this initial charge prematurely solidifies forming a plug which throttles the metal flow and often jams the rolls.
  • Another object is to provide in the casting of sheet metal an improved apparatus which minimizes cross-banding on the cast sheet surface.
  • Still another object is to provide an improved continuous casting apparatus which can be started with ease to initially produce a high quality cast product.
  • Yet another object is to provide in a continuous casting operation an improved method of reaching more quickly the optimum operating temperature, thereby to achieve more rapidly steady state casting conditions.
  • a further object is to provide an improved method and apparatus of continuous casting wherein adhesion of molten metal to the rolls is minimized.
  • metal sheet and plate substantially free of voids and entrapped gases, can be successfully cast between a pair of spaced rolls set generally one above the other with the line between their centers inclined from the vertical no more than about 23, preferably between about 0 and 15 more preferably between about 0 and 5 provided there is a substantial clearance between the rolls and the nozzle through which molten metal is introduced.
  • dissolved and entrapped gases rise upwardly through the liquid metal in the plenum chamber and escane through the clearance between the nozzle and the rolls.
  • the outer surface of the upper nozzle block is spaced from the upper roll a distance of at least 0.007 inch, the spacing desirably being between about 0.007 and 0.04, preferably between about 0.007 and 0.002, more preferably between about 0.01 and 0.015 inch.
  • the spacing between the nozzle and the rolls not only facilitates removal of entrapped gases escaping from the "ice molten metal, but also prevents scratching, chipping or other injury to the oxide coating formed on the roll surface. By maintaining this oxide coating intact without bringing the nozzle into contact therewith as in the prior art, it has been found that adhesion and/or welding of molten metal to the rolls is inhibited.
  • the molten metal or other fusable material to be cast is supplied to the plenum chamber through a hollow ejector or nozzle having beveled or slanted outer walls which conform in contour to the roll surfaces.
  • the outer wall of the nozzle should conform closely to the arcuate surface of the rolls to prevent back flow of metal between the nozzle tip and the rolls, the spacing therebetween being preferably at least about 0.007 inch. This clearance not only minimizes heat transfer between the nozzle blocks and the rolls, but also permits the escape from the plenum chamber of gases which would otherwise remain entrapped in the metal.
  • a suitable nozzle for use herein comprises a pair of complementary nozzle blocks which define a conduit.
  • the type of material to be used in constructing the nozzle blocks depends in large part upon the type of metal to be cast, a satisfactory nozzle for casting aluminum being constructed of a ceramic-like material comprising diatomaceous silica, asbestos fiber, and a binder as described in United States Patent 2,326,516. Also suitable are other ceramic or ceramic-like materials which are inert to the metal being cast and are not wetted thereby.
  • various metals which can be continuously cast by the present process are, for example, aluminum, copper, lead, zinc, magnesium, tin, silver, brass, bronze, zirconium, and the alloys thereof, and other similar malleable and ductile metals and alloys. Also suitable are admixtures of metals which do not alloy, as well as mixtures of metals which form intermetallic compounds. Utilizing the present process, higher melting point metals and alloys, such as steel, can also be successfully cast by merely increasing the rate of cooling and employing high temperature resistance ceramic nozzles.
  • the nozzle blocks are preheated to remove any absorbed moisture.
  • the nozzle is preferably heated to from about 1,l00 to l,325, preferably from about 1,200 to 1,300 F.
  • a dry gaseous medium such as air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, argon, or mixtures thereof.
  • hot air it is preferred to blow it onto and/ or through the nozzle for about twenty to sixty minutes before operation commences.
  • the rolls are turned at between about 12 and 26, more preferably between about 16 and 22, and particularly at 18 inches per minute of exposed roll surface, coolant being circulated through the rolls to lower the skin temperature thereof below about 80, preferably between about 0 and 70", more preferably between about 50 and 60 F.
  • a barrier means is disposed at the roll exit to close off the plenum chamber and prevent the flow of unsolidified metal therefrom.
  • a suitable barrier means can comprise, for example, a plug formed from a flat metal plate, the plug being inserted between the rolls a distance of from about /2 to 1, preferably about of an inch beyond the roll nip. The leading edge of the otherwise semi-fluid cast sheet is solidified upon contact with the plug and operation at a reduced speed can begin thereafter.
  • a stream of refrigerated gas is used during start-up as a barrier means to chill and solidify the leading edge of the cast sheet.
  • a high pressure curtain of the refrigerated gas at a temperature preferably below 0 F. is directed over the full length of the roll nip, the leading edge of the initial surge of molten metal being solidified as when a solid plug is employed.
  • the leading edge of the cast plate during start-up is completely solidified by circulating a supercooled liquid through the bottom roll.
  • the initial charge of molten metal is solidified and stratifies, building up in thickness until a solid metal plug reaches the top roll.
  • This and other described barrier means all serve to form a plug at the exit between the rolls and to confine molten metal within the plenum chamber during start-up, thus preventing discharge thereof before cast sheet is completely solidified.
  • coolin of the rolls and metal in contact therewith is controlled to effect complete solidification at a point within the chamber wherein the spacing between the rolls is from about 12 to 50, preferably from about 14 to 40, more preferably from about 18 to 20 percent greater than the spacing at the roll nip.
  • the nozzle is preferably spaced from the roll nip a distance sufficient to facilitate solidification as well as the desired amount of rolling.
  • the tip of the lower nozzle block is positioned from about 0.75 to 1.5, preferably about 1.37 inches from the roll nip, the optimum spacing being routinely determined by measuring the rate of heat transfer to the roll at any given roll speed.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a preferred horizontal casting device of the present invention, illustrating schematically an entire casting installation with auxiliary apparatus used in supplying molten metal thereto;
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken through lines 22 of an apparatus similar to that of FIG. 1, showing the observation reservoir, position of the nozzle and a preferred roll construction being inclined with reference to the horizontal;
  • FIG. 3 is a detailed fragmentary view of the casting chamber of FIGS. 1 and 2, illustrating particularly the solidification of metal between the rolls and the spacing of the nozzle therefrom;
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view in partial section along lines 4 -4 of FIG. 2, showing the relative position of the nozzle blocks with respect to the rolls;
  • FIG. 5 is an enlarged fragmentary cross section of one end of the plenum chamber, showing the lateral expansion of the cast sheet therein;
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 are enlarged sectional views, taken through lines 6-6 and 7--7, respectively, of FIG. 1, of preferred apparatus used 'in supplying molten metal to the nozzle;
  • FIGS. 8, 9, and are enlarged sectional views of the plenum chamber defined by the rolls and nozzle, and illustrating the pulsations in the liquid metal stream during operation.
  • the continuous casting installation shown in FIG. 1 includes a melt supply means indicated generally as F, a pair of opposed roll means R, nozzle means N, melt control means C, guide means G, product reel P, speed control means S governing the take-up of cast sheet CS on reel P, and preheating means D.
  • the melt supply means F comprises a gas fired melt furnace 5 and a holding reservoir 10 with a trough or conduit 6 extending therebetween.
  • the pig, scrap, and/ or alloying materials are heated in the refractory lined vessel 9 of furnace 5 to the desired temperature, preferably somewhat above their melting point.
  • the resultant molten metal passes through tap 5 and valve 7 located in the wall of furnace 5 (FIG. 6), and then through refractory lined trough 6 into reservoir 10 where it is maintained above its melting point.
  • a removable wedged shaped partition 6" acts as a valve and separates section 6 from moveable section 6' which is hingedly connected to and extends through opening 7 in reservoir 10.
  • the metal in reservoir 10 is supplied as needed through tap 11 into float box 47 and then to laterally extending refractory lined trough or run 12 (FIG. 7). After the liquid metal is cooled to a temperature slightly above its melting point, it is passed to wall 17, through opening 18 therein, and into channel 13 defined by flat parallel walls 14 and 15 of nozzle blocks and 36, respectively, the walls 16 of refractory end members 37, all of which are held in position by members 39 (FIGS. 2, 4, and 5).
  • the upper nozzle block 35 is preferably positioned slightly below the level of molten metal in trough 12 and channel 13 preferably extends across the transverse length of rolls R.
  • the outer concave surface of complementary nozzle blocks 35 and 36 preferably conform in contour to roll faces 20, orifice extending up to plane a spaced rearward of plane b which extends between the roll axe-s (FIG. 3).
  • the rolls are disposed on adjustable parallel axes which extend transversely of the plane of sheet being cast.
  • any conventional cylindrical roll can be used, it is preferred to employ 24 inch diameter rolls of steel or beryllium copper having a polished exterior face 20 with a micro finish of (32) or smoother.
  • the confronting faces 20 move forwardly in the same direction at a predetermined speed as selectively con- 6 trolled by a variable speed drive 21.
  • Within each of the rolls are passages through which cooling water or any other non-corrosive liquid is circulated to carryaway absorbed heat, the coolant then being recirculated through cooler 23 and back through pump 22 into the rolls.
  • nozzles of ceramic-like material tend to absorb moisture which can cause bubbles within the molten stream of metal.
  • a preheating means D is preferably employed to remove absorbed moisture from the nozzle.
  • Suitable means for preheating the nozzle comprise a compressed air supply means indicated generally at 25 and a compressor 26 which can deliver compressed air at a pressure of, for example, p.s.i.g.
  • resultant dry compressed gas is passed to storage reservoir 28.
  • valve 29 is opened and compressed air is passed through conduit 31 and coils 32 within flue 33 where it is heated to elevated temperatures, such as, 1700 F. by gas fueled heater 30.
  • the high temperature compressed gas is then passed from coil 32 through line 34, cover 24 of trough 12 into and through nozzle N (FIG. 1).
  • plenum chamber 0 (FIGS. 4 and 5) is determined by the spacing between the rolls and also by the distance between the forward edge of the nozzle blocks and the roll nip lying along plane 12. As molten metal issues through opening 18 into channel 13, it is immediately spread outwardly over the width of channel 13 by means of veins or projections 38 extending inwardly from walls 14 and 15 (FIG. 4).
  • wall 16 at plane a forms shoulder 41 with a beveled or concave wall 42 extending to end face 43 of the nozzle blocks.
  • the outwardly stepped shoulders 41 of end member 37 extend between planes a and b to completely close off the ends of the plenum chamber c, the constant rolling and expanding edge of solidified metal therein being out of contact with face 42 of shoulder 41 (FIGS. 4 and 5).
  • wall 42 is inclined from about 25 to 50 with respect to wall 16, the juncture between walls 42, 43 recessed from wall 16 a depth of from about /s to inch.
  • the transition of molten metal a to the solid state e, as indicated by the strippled area, together with rolling causes lateral expansion of the cast sheet in the plenum chamber.
  • the amount of rolling (percent reduction in thickness of cast sheet) is primarily controlled by the cooling capacity of the rolls and the spacing between the nozzle orifice 40 and the roll nip, i.e., the perpendicular distance between planes a and b. With a pair of rolls having a given diameter and a cooling capacity, the amount of rolling can be controlled by adjusting the spacing of nozzle N from the nip and the roll speed.
  • the pressure of liquid metal entering chamber c is just sufiicient to raise the level of the metal to a point X on face 20 of the roll, i.e., the meniscus between the upper roll and nozzle nip (FIG. 8).
  • the layer of solidified metal in contact with face 20 and forward of the meniscus is pulled toward the nip causing the point of tangency X to also move forwardly (FIGS. 9 and 10).
  • the point of tangency X between the meniscus and the lower roll face correspondingly moves forward.
  • the tension on the meniscus produced by the forward movement of face exceeds the surface tension of the metal, the meniscus ruptures and metal flows back to point X.
  • these pulsations in the liquid metal which cause cross-banding can be minimized by employing an upper nozzle block whose tip is recessed from about to inch rearward of the tip of the lower nozzle block.
  • the tip of lower nozzle block 36 lying along plane a is forward of upper nozzle block a distance of about A inch.
  • melt control means C maintains a constant level of molten metal in float box 47 slightly above the elevation of orifice 40, preferably at an elevation of about /2 to 1 /2 inches above orifice 40 (FIG. 2).
  • Melt control means C comprises valve element insertable into tap 11 and float 46 to position the valve element 45.
  • a two-way limit switch 48 actuates a pressure operated motor 49 which moves valve element 45 into a predetermined position.
  • valve element 45 is only partially opened restricting the normal fiow of metal through tap 11.
  • the limit switch 48 also 'actuates solenoid valves 48' and 48" to regulate the position of valve element 45 and control the level of liquid metal in the reservoir.
  • Adjustable stops 49' and 49" are preferably incorporated in the cylinder of motor 49 to preset the position of valve element 45.
  • a first portion of the metal can be diverted to stand-by reservoir 50 until the bulk temperature thereof is slightly 'above the melting point.
  • an observation reservoir 51 which incorporates valve plate 52 or 52 for diverting flow into standby reservoir 50.
  • Valve plate 52 can be opened to permit flow through run 12 and channel 13 into plenum chamber 0.
  • Plug 55 is inserted between the roll nip, see FIG. 2.
  • Plug 55 preferably comprises a inch thick plate having a flat face 56 adapted to engage the forwardly disposed end faces 43 of end members and the leading edge of the sheet.
  • the plug 55 is preferably held in place until the plenum chamber is completely filled whereupon operation of the rolls is begun and the cast sheet CS moves forward with the plug. Often, the leading edge of the sheet becomes welded to the plug in which case it is necessary to jolt the plug to disengage it from the sheet.
  • the rolls R are preferably turned at a relatively low speed until the cooling rate of the rolls can be adjusted to solidify a greater amount of metal in the plenum chamber.
  • a magnesium oxide film may optionally be sprayed onto the roll surface during operation as shown in FIG. 1.
  • an aluminum oxide coating is formed on the roll surface which satisfactorily provides the needed traction.
  • the cast sheet issuing from the rolls is passed over horizontally disposed guide means G, speed control means S and onto product reel P as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the guide means G comprises one or more supporting members 60 and retaining members 61 which preferably comprise a pair of rolls. In the event sheet is cast at an angle inclined with reference to the vertical, it is preferable to space guide means G a distance from the rolls sufficient to prevent excessive bending of the freshly cast sheet.
  • a speed control means S preferably comprises a Vertically shiftable support member 65, means 66 which urges the support member 65 into supporting engagement with cast sheet, and speed governing means 67 sensitive to the vertical shifting of member 65 and also controlling the speed of product reel P.
  • Support member 65 which preferably comprises a roll extending transversely beneath the cast sheet is shiftably carried by a vertically moveable carriage 70, means 66 being shown as an air cylinder and piston unit that urges the roll member 65 into supporting engagement with cast sheet.
  • speed governing means 67 comprises cam 71 and a cam follower 72 which is positioned vertically by movement of roll member 65.
  • Product reel P is provided with suitable linkage 68 to variable drive member 69 to control take-up speed thereof and minimize buckling of cast sheet.
  • Speed control means S synchronizes the rotational speed of product reel P to the rate at which cast sheet issues from rolls R thereby to minimize tension or slack in the cast sheet traveling over guide means G.
  • a knife 75 is provided at or adjacent the product reel P to sever cast sheet as circumstances demand.
  • step (b) is controlled to affect complete solidification at a point within the chamber wherein the spacing between the rolls is from about 14 to 40 percent greater than the spacing at the roll nip.
  • step (b) is controlled to affect complete solidification at a point within the chamber wherein the spacing between the rolls is from about 18 to 20 percent greater than the spacing at the roll nip.
  • step (a) is introduced into the chamber through a nozzle whose upper tip is recessed rearward of its lower tip to inhibit cross-banding on the surface of cast sheet.
  • Apparatus for use in the continuous casting of sheet metal comprising in combination: a pair of oppositely rotatable spaced roll means set generally one above the other, nozzle means through which molten metal is supplied to a plenum chamber between the roll means, and refrigeration means in the roll means for removing sufiicient heat from molten metal in the plenum chamber to effect complete solidification thereof at a point within the chamber wherein the spacing between the rolls is from about 12 to 50 percent greater than the spacing at the roll nip, said nozzle means being spaced with sufiicient clearance from the roll means to permit escape from the plenum chamber of entrapped gases evolved from the molten metal.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Control Of Non-Electrical Variables (AREA)
US633668A 1967-04-12 1967-04-12 Method and apparatus for continuous casting of metal between oppositely rotatable cooling rolls set generally one above the other Expired - Lifetime US3405757A (en)

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US633668A US3405757A (en) 1967-04-12 1967-04-12 Method and apparatus for continuous casting of metal between oppositely rotatable cooling rolls set generally one above the other
JP6606767A JPS5315968B1 (no) 1967-04-12 1967-10-14
NO171072A NO121860B (no) 1967-04-12 1967-12-20
GB1229810D GB1229810A (no) 1967-04-12 1968-04-08

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Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3730254A (en) * 1970-12-18 1973-05-01 Creusot Loire Roller pair type continuous casting apparatus
US3804151A (en) * 1972-04-03 1974-04-16 V Barsukov Plant for producing sheet metal blanks from liquid metal
US3817317A (en) * 1972-07-20 1974-06-18 Collins S Four-high roll casting machine
US3844336A (en) * 1972-12-27 1974-10-29 Martin Marietta Aluminum Method of producing continuous cast metallic sheet with patterned surface
US3908746A (en) * 1973-03-30 1975-09-30 Clark Automation Inc Continuous casting machine
JPS5189827A (no) * 1974-12-23 1976-08-06
US4054173A (en) * 1974-12-23 1977-10-18 Hunter Engineering Co., Inc. Apparatus for producing completely recrystallized metal sheet
US4153101A (en) * 1977-07-27 1979-05-08 Societe De Conditionnements En Aluminium Scal Nozzle for feeding liquid metal to a continuous plate casting machine
EP0127578A2 (de) * 1983-05-31 1984-12-05 Lauener Engineering AG Verfahren zum Vorheizen einer Düse
EP0137239A1 (en) * 1983-08-26 1985-04-17 Norsk Hydro A/S Method and device for automatic level control
EP0137238A1 (en) * 1983-08-26 1985-04-17 Norsk Hydro A/S Casting system
EP0139966A1 (en) * 1983-08-26 1985-05-08 Norsk Hydro A/S Device for feeding molten metal to a strip casting machine
EP0154250A2 (de) * 1984-03-01 1985-09-11 Concast Service Union Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum kontinuierlichen Giessen von Metallen zwischen zwei gekühlten achsparellelen Trommeln
US4681152A (en) * 1985-10-04 1987-07-21 Hunter Engineering Company, Inc. Continuous casting aluminum alloy
US4751958A (en) * 1985-10-04 1988-06-21 Hunter Engineering Company, Inc. Continuous casting aluminum alloy
FR2737430A1 (fr) * 1995-08-03 1997-02-07 Pechiney Rhenalu Procede et dispositif de demarrage d'une machine de coulee continue entre cylindres
US6129539A (en) * 1996-03-19 2000-10-10 Materials Research Innovations Corporation Double doctor blades

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH618366A5 (no) * 1977-05-05 1980-07-31 Prolizenz Ag
GB2198976B (en) * 1986-12-19 1990-10-17 Davy Mckeen Roll caster
AU2002951075A0 (en) * 2002-08-29 2002-09-12 Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation Twin roll casting of magnesium and magnesium alloys
AU2003900971A0 (en) * 2003-02-28 2003-03-13 Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation Magnesium alloy sheet and its production
CN106269870A (zh) * 2016-08-26 2017-01-04 武汉冶建筑安装工程有限责任公司 一种用倾斜式铝板铸轧机轧制铝板的方法

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US379096A (en) * 1888-03-06 Machine for rolling melted metal
US1903897A (en) * 1929-08-27 1933-04-18 Harris Henry Apparatus for casting metals
US2693012A (en) * 1950-09-08 1954-11-02 Gen Motors Corp Method and apparatus for manufacturing sheet material
US2790216A (en) * 1955-06-20 1957-04-30 Hunter Eng Co Method and apparatus for the continuous casting of metal
GB897412A (en) * 1958-01-31 1962-05-30 Pechiney Continuous casting of metals and other fusible materials

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US379096A (en) * 1888-03-06 Machine for rolling melted metal
US1903897A (en) * 1929-08-27 1933-04-18 Harris Henry Apparatus for casting metals
US2693012A (en) * 1950-09-08 1954-11-02 Gen Motors Corp Method and apparatus for manufacturing sheet material
US2790216A (en) * 1955-06-20 1957-04-30 Hunter Eng Co Method and apparatus for the continuous casting of metal
GB897412A (en) * 1958-01-31 1962-05-30 Pechiney Continuous casting of metals and other fusible materials

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3730254A (en) * 1970-12-18 1973-05-01 Creusot Loire Roller pair type continuous casting apparatus
US3804151A (en) * 1972-04-03 1974-04-16 V Barsukov Plant for producing sheet metal blanks from liquid metal
US3817317A (en) * 1972-07-20 1974-06-18 Collins S Four-high roll casting machine
US3844336A (en) * 1972-12-27 1974-10-29 Martin Marietta Aluminum Method of producing continuous cast metallic sheet with patterned surface
US3908746A (en) * 1973-03-30 1975-09-30 Clark Automation Inc Continuous casting machine
JPS5189827A (no) * 1974-12-23 1976-08-06
US4054173A (en) * 1974-12-23 1977-10-18 Hunter Engineering Co., Inc. Apparatus for producing completely recrystallized metal sheet
US4153101A (en) * 1977-07-27 1979-05-08 Societe De Conditionnements En Aluminium Scal Nozzle for feeding liquid metal to a continuous plate casting machine
EP0127578A2 (de) * 1983-05-31 1984-12-05 Lauener Engineering AG Verfahren zum Vorheizen einer Düse
EP0127578A3 (de) * 1983-05-31 1987-04-15 Lauener Engineering AG Verfahren zum Vorheizen einer Düse
EP0137238A1 (en) * 1983-08-26 1985-04-17 Norsk Hydro A/S Casting system
EP0139966A1 (en) * 1983-08-26 1985-05-08 Norsk Hydro A/S Device for feeding molten metal to a strip casting machine
EP0137239A1 (en) * 1983-08-26 1985-04-17 Norsk Hydro A/S Method and device for automatic level control
EP0154250A2 (de) * 1984-03-01 1985-09-11 Concast Service Union Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum kontinuierlichen Giessen von Metallen zwischen zwei gekühlten achsparellelen Trommeln
EP0154250A3 (en) * 1984-03-01 1986-06-04 Concast Service Union Ag Method and apparatus for the continuous casting of metals between two cooled drums with parallel axes
US4681152A (en) * 1985-10-04 1987-07-21 Hunter Engineering Company, Inc. Continuous casting aluminum alloy
US4751958A (en) * 1985-10-04 1988-06-21 Hunter Engineering Company, Inc. Continuous casting aluminum alloy
FR2737430A1 (fr) * 1995-08-03 1997-02-07 Pechiney Rhenalu Procede et dispositif de demarrage d'une machine de coulee continue entre cylindres
EP0761343A1 (fr) * 1995-08-03 1997-03-12 Pechiney Rhenalu Procédé et dispositif de démarrage d'une machine de coulée continue entre cylindres
US6129539A (en) * 1996-03-19 2000-10-10 Materials Research Innovations Corporation Double doctor blades

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JPS5315968B1 (no) 1978-05-29
NO121860B (no) 1971-04-19
GB1229810A (no) 1971-04-28

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