US3405683A - Apparatus for the development of latent electrostatic images - Google Patents

Apparatus for the development of latent electrostatic images Download PDF

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Publication number
US3405683A
US3405683A US376392A US37639264A US3405683A US 3405683 A US3405683 A US 3405683A US 376392 A US376392 A US 376392A US 37639264 A US37639264 A US 37639264A US 3405683 A US3405683 A US 3405683A
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United States
Prior art keywords
roll
rolls
nip
image
liquid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US376392A
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English (en)
Inventor
Jons Kurt
Marx Gerhard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Azoplate Corp
Original Assignee
Azoplate Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DEK50036A external-priority patent/DE1206728B/de
Application filed by Azoplate Corp filed Critical Azoplate Corp
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3405683A publication Critical patent/US3405683A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
    • G03G15/10—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a liquid developer
    • G03G15/101—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a liquid developer for wetting the recording material

Definitions

  • the liquid developers used in electrophotography comprise a dispersion of solid toner particles in a liquid having dielectric properties. During development, the toner particles, which bear a charge, are attracted to the electrophotographic material in accordance with the charge image upon it, whereas the dielectric liquid fiow's off. The result is a visible image.
  • the normal practice is to bring the electrophotographic material into contact with the liquid developer by dipping, by drawing it through a container which contains the liquid developer, or by bringing it into contact with a thin film of liquid developer on the surface of a roll.
  • the developing apparatus includes a rotating roll which carries the film of liquid developer on its surface
  • the rotation of the roll produces a residual image, constituted by a deposit of toner particles conforming with the image previously developed on the newly supplied electrophotographic material.
  • the invention provides a process for the development of latent electrostatic images, which comprises feeding the electrophotographic material to be developed through the nip of a pair of rolls and spraying liquid developer on the surface of the material bearing the latent image as it approaches the nip and also on that portion of the surface, approaching the nip, of that roll which contacts the latent image.
  • the invention includes an apparatus for performing this process which includes a pair of nip rolls for engaging and feeding forward the electrophotographic material and at least one nozzle for spraying liquid developer both on the surface of the electrophotographic material carrying the latent image as it approaches the nip and also on the portion, approaching the nip, of the roll which contacts the latent image.
  • the process and apparatus according to the invention avoid the disadvantages mentioned above because a suflicient quantity of toner particles is brought into contact with every point of the latent image on the electrophotographic material to ensure uniform covering with toner particles of the image areas. Moreover, the non-image areas remain practically free of toner particles, since such particles are washed from these areas by the sprayed streams of developer liquid. Furthermore, the sprayed stream of developer liquid directed on the surface of the roll removes therefrom toner particles adhering to it as the result of the preceding developing operation and the residual image is thus destroyed.
  • FIGURE 1 shows diagrammatically the basic principle of the invention
  • FIGURES 2-4 are cross-sectional views of alternative forms of developing apparatus according to the invention.
  • the apparatus shown in FIGURE 1 includes a feed table B, formed with a gap.
  • the electrophotographic material A which has a latent charge image a on its upper side is fed along the table B towards the nip between a pair of rolls C C which rotate in the direction indicated by the arrows.
  • the material A Before reaching and while passing through the nip the material A is sprayed with liquid developer supplied through a nozzle D.
  • a stream d of spray contacts the material A before it reaches the nip and another stream d of spray impinges upon the surface of the roll C removing from ittoner particles which adhere to the surface in an image-wise fashion as a result of the preceding developing operation.
  • FIGURE 2 shows a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the electrophotographic material placed on a feed table 2 with the latent electrostatic image facing downwardly, is fed by a pair of feed rolls 3 and 4 against the surface of a guide 5, which guides the electrophotogr-aphic material towards the nip formed by a pair of rolls 6 and 7.
  • the roll 6 is driven by a motor, and the roll 7 is rotated by the friction of the material passing through the nip and is either mounted resiliently or spaced a small distance from the roll 6.
  • the material 1 is fed through the nip to a feed table 8.
  • the developed electrophotographic material is discharged from the feed table 8 by squeeze rolls 9 and 10, which may be urged resiliently towards one another and which remove excess liquid from the surface of the material 1.
  • the roll 9, which comes into contact with the reverse side of the material preferably has a rubber surface coating, e.g. of rubber having a Shore hardness of 30-40" or of sponge rubber.
  • the roll 9 is cleaned by the liquid which runs off into the tray 19.
  • the surface of the roll 10 should be as smooth as possible and is provided with a wiper which may consist of a Teflon scraper 12 and an absorbent material 13.
  • the roll 10 may, however, also be cleaned by means of a stream of liquid pumped from the tank 20.
  • the guide is made of metal or plastic material and has a machined, smooth surface. Its shape is of no particular importance, since its sole purpose is to guide the material 1, without undue bending or curvature, from the rolls 3 and 4 to the rolls 6 and 7.
  • the roll 6 may be made of metal. Its surface may be smooth, or it may be milled or grooved.
  • the roll 6 may have a layer of plastic material, such as a thermosetting or thermoplastic resin.
  • the nozzle may have a single outlet, or two or more outlets. By providing multiple outlets it is possible to arrange for the jet of liquid to impinge upon the material at a wider angle than that illustrated or to provide for the material to be sprayed from several directions over a greater length. The same applies to the spraying of the surface of the roll 6.
  • the rolls 6 and 7 and the guide 5 of FIGURE 2 are replaced by a plurality of rolls 6a, 7a, 7b, 7c, and 7d which results in a prolonged contact between the electrophotographic material passing through the roll hips and the film of developer liquid on the surface of the rolls.
  • the electrophotographic material is fed to the rolls in the direction indicated by the arrow 1a. It is immaterial whether the side of the material carrying the latent image faces upwardly or downwardly.
  • a plurality of spraying nozzles 15a to 15e are provided.
  • the feed rolls, squeeze rolls, liquid storage tank, the pump, and the remaining elements of the apparatus are as shown in FIGURE 2.
  • the roll 6 of FIGURE 2 is replaced by a number of smaller rolls 21a to 21d. Opposite each of these smaller rolls is a second larger roll 7e to 7h, so that the electrophotographic material to be developed passes in succession through four roll nips.
  • an intensified spraying of the image to be developed is ensured by the provision of a plurality of spraying nozzles 15 to 15 It is again immaterial which side of the electrophotographic material faces upwardly.
  • An apparatus for developing a latent electrostatic image on an electrophotographic material comprising means to feed the electrophotographic material, a pair of rotatable nip rolls through which the electrophotographic material is fed, nozzle means mounted adjacent the nip adapted to simultaneously spray a liquid developer containing an electroscopic material onto said latent electrostatic image before and during passage of said electrophotographic material into the nip and onto the nip roll which contacts the sprayed latent image.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Wet Developing In Electrophotography (AREA)
US376392A 1963-06-22 1964-06-19 Apparatus for the development of latent electrostatic images Expired - Lifetime US3405683A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEK50036A DE1206728B (de) 1963-06-22 1963-06-22 Vorrichtung zur Entwicklung latenter elektrostatischer Bilder
FR978927A FR1399233A (fr) 1963-06-22 1964-06-19 Procédé et dispositif pour le développement des images latentes électrostatiques

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3405683A true US3405683A (en) 1968-10-15

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US376392A Expired - Lifetime US3405683A (en) 1963-06-22 1964-06-19 Apparatus for the development of latent electrostatic images

Country Status (2)

Country Link
US (1) US3405683A (fr)
FR (1) FR1399233A (fr)

Cited By (31)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3593642A (en) * 1967-05-16 1971-07-20 Ciba Ltd Strip handling apparatus
US3643628A (en) * 1967-12-20 1972-02-22 Meyer L Sugarman Compact liquid toner apparatus with straight-through feed
US3656948A (en) * 1969-11-20 1972-04-18 Xerox Corp Selective removal of liquid developer in a cyclical electrophotographic process
US3687107A (en) * 1969-12-29 1972-08-29 Honeywell Inc Printing system
US3704662A (en) * 1970-04-27 1972-12-05 Addressograph Multigraph Liquid developing apparatus
US3704661A (en) * 1970-04-27 1972-12-05 Dennis E Toby Liquid developing apparatus
US3776632A (en) * 1972-02-24 1973-12-04 Savin Business Machines Corp Cleaning mechanism for photoconductive surfaces
US3815545A (en) * 1970-11-25 1974-06-11 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Electrophotograph developing apparatus
US3881859A (en) * 1973-11-23 1975-05-06 Xerox Corp Stripper finger design to prevent {37 oil-on-the-copy{38
US3921580A (en) * 1974-06-12 1975-11-25 Varian Associates Liquid development of electrostatic images
US4102306A (en) * 1976-05-31 1978-07-25 Konishiroku Photo Industry Co., Ltd. Developing roller and rinsing device
US4245023A (en) * 1973-01-10 1981-01-13 Agfa-Gevaert N.V. Method for the development of electrostatic charge images
US4439035A (en) * 1978-11-09 1984-03-27 Savin Corporation Copier cleaning system incorporating resilient noncellular sealing roller
US4735144A (en) * 1986-05-21 1988-04-05 Jenkins Jerome D Doctor blade and holder for metering system
US4945832A (en) * 1986-05-16 1990-08-07 Odom Jimmie L Doctor blade system
US5148222A (en) * 1990-08-22 1992-09-15 Spectrum Sciences B.V. Liquid developer system
US5557376A (en) * 1989-05-15 1996-09-17 Indigo N.V. Color imaging system
US5585900A (en) * 1989-05-15 1996-12-17 Indigo N.V. Developer for liquid toner imager
US5745829A (en) * 1989-01-04 1998-04-28 Indigo N.V. Imaging apparatus and intermediate transfer blanket therefor
US6082262A (en) * 1997-09-17 2000-07-04 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Aktiengesellschaft Inking unit for rotary printing presses
US6125749A (en) * 1998-04-15 2000-10-03 Autotype International Limited Apparatus and method for applying liquids to screenprinting screens
US9709915B2 (en) 2014-01-24 2017-07-18 Hewlett-Parkard Indigo B.V. Electrostatic ink compositions
US9709913B2 (en) 2014-01-15 2017-07-18 Hewlett-Packard Indigo B.V. Concentrating an ink composition
US9745488B2 (en) 2012-05-31 2017-08-29 Hewlett-Packard Indigo B.V. Electrostatic inks and method for their production
US9785078B2 (en) 2013-10-21 2017-10-10 Hewlett-Packard Indigo B.V. Electrostatic ink compositions
US9874828B2 (en) 2013-10-25 2018-01-23 Hewlett-Packard Indigo B.V. Electrostatic ink compositions
US10042278B2 (en) 2015-04-28 2018-08-07 Hp Indigo B.V. Electrostatic ink compositions
US10114305B2 (en) 2014-09-26 2018-10-30 Hp Indigo B.V. Liquid toner containing a low symmetry electrically conducting material for printing conductive traces
US10344175B2 (en) 2015-07-17 2019-07-09 Hp Indigo B.V. Electrostatic ink compositions
US10642180B2 (en) 2015-07-17 2020-05-05 Hp Indigo B.V. Electrostatic ink compositions
US11815852B2 (en) 2018-04-17 2023-11-14 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Liquid electrophotographic ink composition

Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2140289A (en) * 1936-10-05 1938-12-13 William T Hurtt Lubricating and cooling system for rolling mills
US2653566A (en) * 1951-01-18 1953-09-29 Elmer J Worden Web coating machine
US2785083A (en) * 1948-07-24 1957-03-12 Diamond Alkali Co Cellulosic sheet coated with a desiccated ridged film of adhesive sodium silicate
US2877133A (en) * 1956-10-22 1959-03-10 Gen Dynamics Corp Electrostatic photography
GB938349A (en) * 1961-06-23 1963-10-02 Ozalid Co Ltd Apparatus for developing electrophotographic material
US3139808A (en) * 1960-04-29 1964-07-07 Ritzerfeld Wilhelm Method and apparatus for making printing form sheets
US3155546A (en) * 1962-09-24 1964-11-03 Plastic Coating Corp Apparatus for the liquid toning of latent electrostatic images
US3187716A (en) * 1962-09-19 1965-06-08 Rice Barton Corp Coating machinery
US3241521A (en) * 1961-05-29 1966-03-22 Raymond A Labombarde Machine for producing smooth coatings
US3242902A (en) * 1963-02-20 1966-03-29 Rca Corp Toner feed
US3249088A (en) * 1963-04-03 1966-05-03 Scm Corp Developing tank unit for electrostatic printing
US3301699A (en) * 1963-01-21 1967-01-31 Stewart Warner Corp Means for and method of coating a surface with a fluid film

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2140289A (en) * 1936-10-05 1938-12-13 William T Hurtt Lubricating and cooling system for rolling mills
US2785083A (en) * 1948-07-24 1957-03-12 Diamond Alkali Co Cellulosic sheet coated with a desiccated ridged film of adhesive sodium silicate
US2653566A (en) * 1951-01-18 1953-09-29 Elmer J Worden Web coating machine
US2877133A (en) * 1956-10-22 1959-03-10 Gen Dynamics Corp Electrostatic photography
US3139808A (en) * 1960-04-29 1964-07-07 Ritzerfeld Wilhelm Method and apparatus for making printing form sheets
US3241521A (en) * 1961-05-29 1966-03-22 Raymond A Labombarde Machine for producing smooth coatings
GB938349A (en) * 1961-06-23 1963-10-02 Ozalid Co Ltd Apparatus for developing electrophotographic material
US3187716A (en) * 1962-09-19 1965-06-08 Rice Barton Corp Coating machinery
US3155546A (en) * 1962-09-24 1964-11-03 Plastic Coating Corp Apparatus for the liquid toning of latent electrostatic images
US3301699A (en) * 1963-01-21 1967-01-31 Stewart Warner Corp Means for and method of coating a surface with a fluid film
US3242902A (en) * 1963-02-20 1966-03-29 Rca Corp Toner feed
US3249088A (en) * 1963-04-03 1966-05-03 Scm Corp Developing tank unit for electrostatic printing

Cited By (33)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3593642A (en) * 1967-05-16 1971-07-20 Ciba Ltd Strip handling apparatus
US3643628A (en) * 1967-12-20 1972-02-22 Meyer L Sugarman Compact liquid toner apparatus with straight-through feed
US3656948A (en) * 1969-11-20 1972-04-18 Xerox Corp Selective removal of liquid developer in a cyclical electrophotographic process
US3687107A (en) * 1969-12-29 1972-08-29 Honeywell Inc Printing system
US3704662A (en) * 1970-04-27 1972-12-05 Addressograph Multigraph Liquid developing apparatus
US3704661A (en) * 1970-04-27 1972-12-05 Dennis E Toby Liquid developing apparatus
US3815545A (en) * 1970-11-25 1974-06-11 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Electrophotograph developing apparatus
US3776632A (en) * 1972-02-24 1973-12-04 Savin Business Machines Corp Cleaning mechanism for photoconductive surfaces
US4245023A (en) * 1973-01-10 1981-01-13 Agfa-Gevaert N.V. Method for the development of electrostatic charge images
US3881859A (en) * 1973-11-23 1975-05-06 Xerox Corp Stripper finger design to prevent {37 oil-on-the-copy{38
FR2274963A1 (fr) * 1974-06-12 1976-01-09 Varian Associates Procede et appareil de developpement par voie humide d'images latentes electrostatiques
US3921580A (en) * 1974-06-12 1975-11-25 Varian Associates Liquid development of electrostatic images
US4102306A (en) * 1976-05-31 1978-07-25 Konishiroku Photo Industry Co., Ltd. Developing roller and rinsing device
US4439035A (en) * 1978-11-09 1984-03-27 Savin Corporation Copier cleaning system incorporating resilient noncellular sealing roller
US4945832A (en) * 1986-05-16 1990-08-07 Odom Jimmie L Doctor blade system
US4735144A (en) * 1986-05-21 1988-04-05 Jenkins Jerome D Doctor blade and holder for metering system
US5745829A (en) * 1989-01-04 1998-04-28 Indigo N.V. Imaging apparatus and intermediate transfer blanket therefor
US5749032A (en) * 1989-05-15 1998-05-05 Indigo N.V. Color imaging system
US5557376A (en) * 1989-05-15 1996-09-17 Indigo N.V. Color imaging system
US5585900A (en) * 1989-05-15 1996-12-17 Indigo N.V. Developer for liquid toner imager
US5148222A (en) * 1990-08-22 1992-09-15 Spectrum Sciences B.V. Liquid developer system
US6082262A (en) * 1997-09-17 2000-07-04 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Aktiengesellschaft Inking unit for rotary printing presses
US6125749A (en) * 1998-04-15 2000-10-03 Autotype International Limited Apparatus and method for applying liquids to screenprinting screens
US9745488B2 (en) 2012-05-31 2017-08-29 Hewlett-Packard Indigo B.V. Electrostatic inks and method for their production
US9785078B2 (en) 2013-10-21 2017-10-10 Hewlett-Packard Indigo B.V. Electrostatic ink compositions
US9874828B2 (en) 2013-10-25 2018-01-23 Hewlett-Packard Indigo B.V. Electrostatic ink compositions
US9709913B2 (en) 2014-01-15 2017-07-18 Hewlett-Packard Indigo B.V. Concentrating an ink composition
US9709915B2 (en) 2014-01-24 2017-07-18 Hewlett-Parkard Indigo B.V. Electrostatic ink compositions
US10114305B2 (en) 2014-09-26 2018-10-30 Hp Indigo B.V. Liquid toner containing a low symmetry electrically conducting material for printing conductive traces
US10042278B2 (en) 2015-04-28 2018-08-07 Hp Indigo B.V. Electrostatic ink compositions
US10344175B2 (en) 2015-07-17 2019-07-09 Hp Indigo B.V. Electrostatic ink compositions
US10642180B2 (en) 2015-07-17 2020-05-05 Hp Indigo B.V. Electrostatic ink compositions
US11815852B2 (en) 2018-04-17 2023-11-14 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Liquid electrophotographic ink composition

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1399233A (fr) 1965-05-14

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