US3402767A - Heat pipes - Google Patents

Heat pipes Download PDF

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Publication number
US3402767A
US3402767A US507450A US50745065A US3402767A US 3402767 A US3402767 A US 3402767A US 507450 A US507450 A US 507450A US 50745065 A US50745065 A US 50745065A US 3402767 A US3402767 A US 3402767A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
heat
capillary
container
tube
heat pipes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US507450A
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English (en)
Inventor
Bohdansky Josef
Caron Rene
Strub Hermann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
European Atomic Energy Community Euratom
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European Atomic Energy Community Euratom
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by European Atomic Energy Community Euratom filed Critical European Atomic Energy Community Euratom
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3402767A publication Critical patent/US3402767A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/04—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure
    • F28D15/046—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure characterised by the material or the construction of the capillary structure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4935—Heat exchanger or boiler making
    • Y10T29/49353—Heat pipe device making

Definitions

  • the invention relates to devices known as, and hereinafter referred to as heat pipes.
  • a heat pipe consists essentially of a closed tubular container of heat resistant material, condensable vapour and capillary means disposed within the container.
  • the operation of such a heat pipe depends on the fact that when one of its ends is heated a closed circuit fluid flow arises in the pipe. Vapour flows from the heated end of the pipe to the unheated end and there condenses. The return of the condensate is effected by the capillary means.
  • the capillary means are a separate structure (e.g.
  • the capillary insert may, for example, be deformed with respect to the tube due to the different materials used and the varying thermal stress. As a result the thermal capacity and the heat transfer of the tube is strictly limited. Moreover, drying out of the capillaries and destruction of the tube may occur possibly due to such deformation.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a heat pipe in which the aforementioned defect is avoided or reduced and therefore works more reliably.
  • the heat pipe according to the invention is characterized in that the capillary passages are formed directly in the inside wall of the container.
  • the capillaries are, preferably, channels or grooves parallel to the axis or slightly helical.
  • the optimum width of a capillary passage for use in the invention depends upon a number of factors, more especially the pipe radius R, the operating pressure, and material of the heat carrier or condensable vapour. There fol-' lows a table of values of the ratio R/ r for a tube of 2 cm. diameter and 50 cm. long at an operating pressure of 1 at-
  • the capillary structure according to the invention makes a separate capillary insert unnecessary.
  • the capillaries follow all movements of the tube and stress defects are obviated.
  • the capillary passages may be either made in the finished container or formed when the tube to form the container is drawn, for example by using a suitably shaped draw mandrel.
  • the capillaries may also be made by milling, stamping, folding, etching, shock deformation or the like. Attention is finally drawn to the drawings, in which FIG. 1 is a transverse cross-sectional view of a heat pipe according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a cross section taken along the line 2--2 of FIG. 1.
  • a heat tube 3 is provided which is formed with a pair of end walls 4.
  • a plurality of capillaries 1 are formed in the inside wall 2 of the tube 3 in the axial direction, or are slightly helical.
  • the capillaries are of rectangular cross section, the depth of each capillary being made twice the width.
  • a tubular container of heat resistant material containing a small quantity of a heat transfer liquid said container being closed at each end, and one end of said container being at a higher temperature than the other end thereof to define an evaporation zone and a condensing zone adjacent said ends, said container having a plurality of parallel, substantially longitudinal grooves of capillary diameter formed in the inside wall thereof of a depth substantially more than the width thereof for transporting condensed liquid from said condensing zone to said evaporation zone.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Devices For Use In Laboratory Experiments (AREA)
  • Cooling Or The Like Of Semiconductors Or Solid State Devices (AREA)
US507450A 1964-11-23 1965-11-12 Heat pipes Expired - Lifetime US3402767A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEE0028220 1964-11-23

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3402767A true US3402767A (en) 1968-09-24

Family

ID=7073206

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US507450A Expired - Lifetime US3402767A (en) 1964-11-23 1965-11-12 Heat pipes

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US3402767A (fr)
FR (1) FR1454813A (fr)
GB (1) GB1118468A (fr)

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3457436A (en) * 1966-11-07 1969-07-22 Teledyne Inc Heat pipes with unique radiator configuration in combination with thermoionic converters
US3525670A (en) * 1968-12-17 1970-08-25 Atomic Energy Commission Two-phase fluid control system
US3528494A (en) * 1966-11-07 1970-09-15 Teledyne Inc Heat pipe for low thermal conductivity working fluids
US3613774A (en) * 1969-10-08 1971-10-19 Sanders Associates Inc Unilateral heat transfer apparatus
US3665573A (en) * 1970-05-18 1972-05-30 Atomic Energy Commission Method of fabricating a heat pipe
US3685547A (en) * 1970-04-28 1972-08-22 Combustion Eng Internal configuration of pipes and pressure parts
US3803688A (en) * 1971-07-13 1974-04-16 Electronic Communications Method of making a heat pipe
US3862481A (en) * 1972-10-14 1975-01-28 Philips Corp Method of manufacturing tubes provided with longitudinal grooves in inner wall and/or outer wall, and tubes manufactured by this method
US3887759A (en) * 1972-11-29 1975-06-03 Gen Electric Evaporative cooling system employing liquid film evaporation from grooved evaporator surface and vapor push pump for circulating liquid
DE2552679A1 (de) * 1974-11-25 1976-06-16 Hitachi Ltd Waermeuebertragungsrohr
DE2602211A1 (de) * 1975-02-04 1976-08-05 Philips Nv Waermeaustauscher
US4087893A (en) * 1974-11-08 1978-05-09 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Process for producing a heat pipe
US4199300A (en) * 1977-03-17 1980-04-22 Rolls-Royce Limited Shroud ring aerofoil capture
US4218179A (en) * 1977-07-22 1980-08-19 Rolls-Royce Limited Isothermal aerofoil with insulated internal passageway
US4275510A (en) * 1979-06-01 1981-06-30 George Odean F Heat recovery in a laundry system
FR2512183A1 (fr) * 1981-08-27 1983-03-04 Dornier System Gmbh Cryostat a bain
US4425942A (en) 1980-12-24 1984-01-17 Wieland-Werke A.G. Finned tube for a heat exchanger
US4733698A (en) * 1985-09-13 1988-03-29 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho Heat transfer pipe
US4989319A (en) * 1989-08-03 1991-02-05 Lockheed Missiles & Space Company, Inc. Method of fabricating a graded-groove heat pipe
US20070177354A1 (en) * 2006-01-27 2007-08-02 Hsiao Wei C Heat pipe with guided internal grooves and heat dissipation module incorporating the same
US11355252B2 (en) * 2016-12-30 2022-06-07 Nuscale Power, Llc Control rod drive mechanism with heat pipe cooling

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2919188C2 (de) * 1979-05-12 1986-10-30 Süddeutsche Kühlerfabrik Julius Fr. Behr GmbH & Co KG, 7000 Stuttgart Verfahren zur Behandlung einer Oberfläche einer metallischen Wand für die Übertragung von Wärme und dessen Anwendung
US4353415A (en) 1979-07-30 1982-10-12 United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority Heat pipes and thermal siphons

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE15545C (de) * A. MARTENS in Berlin W., Verlängerte Genthinerstr. 22 pt. 1 Instrumentenstativ mit Kugelgelenken und Klemmringen
US2279548A (en) * 1938-06-11 1942-04-14 Babcock & Wilcox Co Liquid vaporizing tube
US2840351A (en) * 1953-09-10 1958-06-24 Air Prcheater Corp Temperature equalizing means for regenerative air preheater structure
US2978797A (en) * 1954-02-22 1961-04-11 Svenska Metallverken Ab Tubular finned metal sections and manufacture thereof
US3217799A (en) * 1962-03-26 1965-11-16 Calumet & Hecla Steam condenser of the water tube type
US3273599A (en) * 1966-09-20 Internally finned condenser tube

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE15545C (de) * A. MARTENS in Berlin W., Verlängerte Genthinerstr. 22 pt. 1 Instrumentenstativ mit Kugelgelenken und Klemmringen
US3273599A (en) * 1966-09-20 Internally finned condenser tube
US2279548A (en) * 1938-06-11 1942-04-14 Babcock & Wilcox Co Liquid vaporizing tube
US2840351A (en) * 1953-09-10 1958-06-24 Air Prcheater Corp Temperature equalizing means for regenerative air preheater structure
US2978797A (en) * 1954-02-22 1961-04-11 Svenska Metallverken Ab Tubular finned metal sections and manufacture thereof
US3217799A (en) * 1962-03-26 1965-11-16 Calumet & Hecla Steam condenser of the water tube type

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3528494A (en) * 1966-11-07 1970-09-15 Teledyne Inc Heat pipe for low thermal conductivity working fluids
US3457436A (en) * 1966-11-07 1969-07-22 Teledyne Inc Heat pipes with unique radiator configuration in combination with thermoionic converters
US3525670A (en) * 1968-12-17 1970-08-25 Atomic Energy Commission Two-phase fluid control system
US3613774A (en) * 1969-10-08 1971-10-19 Sanders Associates Inc Unilateral heat transfer apparatus
US3685547A (en) * 1970-04-28 1972-08-22 Combustion Eng Internal configuration of pipes and pressure parts
US3665573A (en) * 1970-05-18 1972-05-30 Atomic Energy Commission Method of fabricating a heat pipe
US3803688A (en) * 1971-07-13 1974-04-16 Electronic Communications Method of making a heat pipe
US3862481A (en) * 1972-10-14 1975-01-28 Philips Corp Method of manufacturing tubes provided with longitudinal grooves in inner wall and/or outer wall, and tubes manufactured by this method
US3887759A (en) * 1972-11-29 1975-06-03 Gen Electric Evaporative cooling system employing liquid film evaporation from grooved evaporator surface and vapor push pump for circulating liquid
US4087893A (en) * 1974-11-08 1978-05-09 Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha Process for producing a heat pipe
DE2552679A1 (de) * 1974-11-25 1976-06-16 Hitachi Ltd Waermeuebertragungsrohr
DE2602211A1 (de) * 1975-02-04 1976-08-05 Philips Nv Waermeaustauscher
US4199300A (en) * 1977-03-17 1980-04-22 Rolls-Royce Limited Shroud ring aerofoil capture
US4218179A (en) * 1977-07-22 1980-08-19 Rolls-Royce Limited Isothermal aerofoil with insulated internal passageway
US4275510A (en) * 1979-06-01 1981-06-30 George Odean F Heat recovery in a laundry system
US4425942A (en) 1980-12-24 1984-01-17 Wieland-Werke A.G. Finned tube for a heat exchanger
US4476704A (en) * 1980-12-24 1984-10-16 Wieland-Werke Ag Method for producing finned tubes
FR2512183A1 (fr) * 1981-08-27 1983-03-04 Dornier System Gmbh Cryostat a bain
US4733698A (en) * 1985-09-13 1988-03-29 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho Heat transfer pipe
US4989319A (en) * 1989-08-03 1991-02-05 Lockheed Missiles & Space Company, Inc. Method of fabricating a graded-groove heat pipe
US20070177354A1 (en) * 2006-01-27 2007-08-02 Hsiao Wei C Heat pipe with guided internal grooves and heat dissipation module incorporating the same
US7443675B2 (en) * 2006-01-27 2008-10-28 Mitac Technology Corp. Heat pipe with guided internal grooves and heat dissipation module incorporating the same
US11355252B2 (en) * 2016-12-30 2022-06-07 Nuscale Power, Llc Control rod drive mechanism with heat pipe cooling

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1118468A (en) 1968-07-03
FR1454813A (fr) 1966-10-07

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