US3399079A - Antistatic fiber blend - Google Patents

Antistatic fiber blend Download PDF

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Publication number
US3399079A
US3399079A US399396A US39939664A US3399079A US 3399079 A US3399079 A US 3399079A US 399396 A US399396 A US 399396A US 39939664 A US39939664 A US 39939664A US 3399079 A US3399079 A US 3399079A
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fibers
chemical
blend
antistatic
friction
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US399396A
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Harris Seth Owens
Ball Charles Alexander
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Wyeth Holdings LLC
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American Cyanamid Co
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Priority to US399396A priority Critical patent/US3399079A/en
Priority to GB27116/65A priority patent/GB1035890A/en
Priority to NL6509175A priority patent/NL6509175A/xx
Priority to FR24800A priority patent/FR1442735A/en
Priority to ES0316998A priority patent/ES316998A1/en
Priority to BE669590A priority patent/BE669590A/xx
Priority to LU49522A priority patent/LU49522A1/xx
Priority to DE19651510190 priority patent/DE1510190A1/en
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/55—Epoxy resins
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01G—PRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF FIBRES, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01G29/00—Arrangements for lubricating fibres, e.g. in gill boxes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/44—Yarns or threads characterised by the purpose for which they are designed
    • D02G3/441—Yarns or threads with antistatic, conductive or radiation-shielding properties
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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    • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/77—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with silicon or compounds thereof
    • D06M11/79—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with silicon or compounds thereof with silicon dioxide, silicic acids or their salts
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
    • D06M13/184—Carboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
    • D06M13/188—Monocarboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
    • D06M13/224—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic acid
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    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/244—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing sulfur or phosphorus
    • D06M13/248—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing sulfur or phosphorus with compounds containing sulfur
    • D06M13/256—Sulfonated compounds esters thereof, e.g. sultones
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    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/244—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing sulfur or phosphorus
    • D06M13/282—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing sulfur or phosphorus with compounds containing phosphorus
    • D06M13/292—Mono-, di- or triesters of phosphoric or phosphorous acids; Salts thereof
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    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/322—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen
    • D06M13/325—Amines
    • D06M13/338—Organic hydrazines; Hydrazinium compounds
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    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/322—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen
    • D06M13/35—Heterocyclic compounds
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    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/322—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen
    • D06M13/372—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen containing etherified or esterified hydroxy groups ; Polyethers of low molecular weight
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    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/322—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen
    • D06M13/402—Amides imides, sulfamic acids
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    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/327—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated alcohols or esters thereof
    • D06M15/333—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated alcohols or esters thereof of vinyl acetate; Polyvinylalcohol
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    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/356—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of other unsaturated compounds containing nitrogen, sulfur, silicon or phosphorus atoms
    • D06M15/3562—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of other unsaturated compounds containing nitrogen, sulfur, silicon or phosphorus atoms containing nitrogen
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/39—Aldehyde resins; Ketone resins; Polyacetals
    • D06M15/423—Amino-aldehyde resins
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/507—Polyesters
    • D06M15/51—Unsaturated polymerisable polyesters
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    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/53—Polyethers
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    • D06M7/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made of other substances with subsequent freeing of the treated goods from the treating medium, e.g. swelling, e.g. polyolefins
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • D06M2200/00—Functionality of the treatment composition and/or properties imparted to the textile material
    • D06M2200/40—Reduced friction resistance, lubricant properties; Sizing compositions
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
    • Y10T428/2964—Artificial fiber or filament
    • Y10T428/2967—Synthetic resin or polymer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
    • Y10T428/2971—Impregnation

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A blend of hydrophobic synthetic fibers having improved antistatic properties and improved processability through textile machines consisting essentially of a major proportion comprising from about 55% to about 90% of the fibers in the blend having applied thereto a durable friction-reducing antistatic agent and a minor proportion comprising from about 10% to about 45% of the fibers in the blend having applied thereto a friction-increasing agent.
  • This invention relates to synthetic fibers which have improved antistatic properties and improved processability through textile machines. More particularly, these two desirable characteristic of synthetic fibers, are achieved through the use of the present invention wherein a major proportion of the fibers in a blend of such fibers have incorporated therein a durable antistatic agent while the remaining minor proportion of the fibers in such blend have incorporated therein a friction-increasing agent, which, preferably, is a nondurable antistatic agent.
  • the textile fabrics made from yarns processed in accordance with our invention had a relatively harsh hand unless the friction-increasing agent was nondurable (i.e., could be readily removed from the fabrics by scouring, washing, etc.). Accordingly, our invention therefore contemplates that the friction-increasing agent preferably be a nondurable agent when it is desired to produce fabrics having a relatively soft hand.
  • the friction-increasing agent should also possess antistatic properties so as to provide the higher degree of protection necessary during the textile processing operations.
  • hydrophobicsynthetic fibers which are .of particular interest in the practice of our invention are those fibers prepared from vinyl polymers, for example, acrylic fibers, polypropylene fibers, polyvinyl chloride fibers, and the like, and fibers prepared from polymers of polyesters, polyacetals, polyurethanes, and polyamides.
  • any of the many durable antistatic agents commonly known may be used on the major proportion of the hydrophobic fibers.
  • these durable antistatic agents are those formed from polyethylene glycol, such as the condensation products of polyethylene glycol diamine and polyethylene glycol dihalide of which Aston 108, Aston '123, and Aston LT sold by Onyx Chemical Corporation, and Stanax and Stanax 1166 sold by Standard Chemical Products, Inc., are commercially available examples. These compounds may be cured with polyepoxides after application to the fibers to produce a durable antistatic finish therein and thereon by such processes as taught in Anthes US. Patent 2,982,751, issued May 2, 1961, which also lists other compounds of this type useful in the practice of our invention.
  • these compounds may be cured with dihalides.
  • other compounds sold for use as durable antistatic agents such as Zerostat P (polyoxyethylene diepoxide, cross-linked with a diamine) sold by Ciba Chemical and Dye Co. and Aerotex Antistatic No. 6 (polyoxyethylene amine, cross-linked with cyanuric chloride) sold by American Cyanamid Company.
  • These durable antistatic agents may be applied to the fibers at any stage of processing in any of the conventional Ways. It is important only that the durable antistatic agent be applied to the fibers prior to blending them' Name Description Sold By Permolite Solubilized alkyd resin. Arkansas Co. Inc. Aerotex Resin 700..- Urea-formaldehyde Aigerican Cyanamid condensate. o. Aerotex Resin 803... Modified urea-formalde- Do.
  • Lubritone SA Emulsified lubricants.-- Chas. S. Tanner Co. Conco Non-slip Viscid water-soluble Continental Chemical Special A & B. resin. 00. Lureen Special"..- Fatty based derivative George A. Gautston C0.
  • the friction-increasing agent also serves as an antistatic which is nondurable (i.e., easily removed from the fibers in the finished product by washing or scouring).
  • non-durable friction-increasing antistatic agents are the following:.
  • Lekrostat C Fatty annne salts o. Aquazine 88 Fatty hydrazmlum Moretex Chemical chloride Products Inc. OrcoLAntlstatic Cationic compound.. Organic Chemical Corp.
  • Emkastat K Sulfonated aliphatic Emkay Chemical Col compound.
  • friction-increasing agents may be applied to the fibers at any stage of processing in any of the conventional ways. It is important only that they be applied to the fibers prior to blending them with other fibers which have been treated with a durable antistatic agent, which blending occurs prior to formation of the fibers into threads.
  • the friction increasing agent is incorporated on the fibers so treated in an amount sufiicient to increase the frictional characteristics of the blend of fibers to a level comparable to those fibers for which the textile processing equipment was designed, as in the cotton system, the woolen system, and the worsted system.
  • the fibers used were acrylic fibers of a copolymer of acrylonitrile and methylmethacrylate prepared by wet-spinning from an aqueous sodium thiocyanate solution thereof.
  • Example Crimped acrylic fibers were padded in a trough with a formulation containing Aston 108 (a condensation product of polyethylene glycol diamine and polyethylene glycol dihalide), cut into 2 staple, wet opened, dried at about C. for about nine minutes, and then cured with a polyepoxide as taught in Anthes US Patent 2,982,- 751, issued May 2, 1961, for about nine minutes at about 114 C. to form a product identified as Fiber A which contained about 0.6% durable antistatic agent based on weight of fiber.
  • Aston 108 a condensation product of polyethylene glycol diamine and polyethylene glycol dihalide
  • a blend was prepared containing Fiber A and 35% Fiber B by introducing the dry fibers in the proper proportions into a wet opener and then passingthe mixture through a dry opener.
  • the resulting blend was readily processable through thecotton system (which includes picker, card, draw frame, roving frame, and spinning frame) without .diffi'culty. oven and knitted products from threads so made from this blend of fibers exhibited a very soft hand afterwashing and scouring toaremove 'at all on textile equipment. These fibers were not blended with any other fibers.
  • Example 3 In a similar manner, a lot of Fiber A, prepared as in Example 1, was processed on the cotton system after being properly opened. Numerous interruptions of operations for cleaning were required due to overloading of the feed roll prior to the beater in picking the fiber. The lap was poor, 'very, soft, and uneven. Carding required use of a fancy and loading of the drum was excessive. Sliver from the card, on passing through the trumpet to the can, caused excess finish to build up in the trumpet. Drawing and roving steps were troubled with roll lapping and build-up of finish on the rolls. Spinning was troubled with finish building up on the rolls also, all causing inferior yarns to be formed.
  • Example 4 Other fibers were prepared using other permanent antistatic agents as indicated in the following table. In this table it will be seen that fibers treated with the permanent antistatic agent ranged from poor to not processable the nondurable finish while still exhibiting satisfactory t li q g b a ti tatic resistance to the accumulation of static charges. 5 iq w-cessa u y a I A Q Exam le 2 Q Stanax 0.25 goorun 0.50 ery poo Good In a manner similar tott-hat of Example 1, other blends 0.75 Not proces bl were prepared in which. a maj r. pr porti n.
  • Example 6 Fiber C was prepared in the same manner as Fiber A (see Example 1) except that Aston 123 are used instead of Aston 108 and the producted contained 1.75% durable antistatic agent based on weight of fiber.
  • A- blend was prepared containing 33% Fiber C and 67% untreated acrylic fibers by introducing the dry fibers in the proper proportions into a wet opener and then passing the mixture through a dry opener.
  • the resulting blend could not be processed through the cotton system under conditions approaching normal.
  • the fibers exhibited static accumulation by adhering to the hopper walls.
  • the fibers bunched up under and behind the feed roll prior to the beater. The lap from the picker was uneven and contained many fused fibers.
  • a blend of hydrophobic synthetic fibers having improved antistatic properties and improved processability through textile machines consisting essentially of 2.
  • a blend of hydrophobic synthetic fibers having improved antistatic properties and improved processability through textile machines consisting essentially of (a) a major proportion comprising from about 55% to about 90% of the fibers in the blend having applied thereto a durable friction-reducing antistatic agent, and (b) a minor proportion comprising from about 10% to about 45% of the fibers in the blend having applied thereto a readily removable friction-increasing antistatic agent.
  • 3. The product of claim 2 wherein the fibers of said major proportion have applied thereto 0.25% to 2.0% of -18 durable friction-reducing antistatic agent on weight of fibersin said major proportion and wherein the fibers of said minor proportion. have applied thereto 0.25% to 1.0% of readily removable friction-increasing antistatic agent on weight of .fibers in said minor proportion.
  • hydrophobic synthetic fibers are all acrylic fibers.
  • said durable frictionreducing'antistatic agent comprises a product of crosslinking a linear polymer formed by the condensation of polyethylene glycol diamine and polyethylene glycol dihalide.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Description

ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A blend of hydrophobic synthetic fibers having improved antistatic properties and improved processability through textile machines consisting essentially of a major proportion comprising from about 55% to about 90% of the fibers in the blend having applied thereto a durable friction-reducing antistatic agent and a minor proportion comprising from about 10% to about 45% of the fibers in the blend having applied thereto a friction-increasing agent.
This invention relates to synthetic fibers which have improved antistatic properties and improved processability through textile machines. More particularly, these two desirable characteristic of synthetic fibers, are achieved through the use of the present invention wherein a major proportion of the fibers in a blend of such fibers have incorporated therein a durable antistatic agent while the remaining minor proportion of the fibers in such blend have incorporated therein a friction-increasing agent, which, preferably, is a nondurable antistatic agent.
The difiiculties arising from the generation and accumulation of static electricity in synthetic fibers, due to their hydrophobic nature, are well known. These difiiculties arise during the use of end products made from such fibers, and, to an even greater extent, during textile processing and manufacturing operations to make such end products.
In order to overcome these difficulties, it has been proposed to apply durable antistatic agents to these fibers or to a minor proportion of such fibers in a blend with a major proportion of untreated fibers.
Unfortunately, such techniques have resulted in greatly increased difficulties in processing the yarns through the textile machinery necessary to convert staple fibers into threads (as compared with naturally antistatic hydrophilic fibers such as cotton and wool). However, these durable antistatic agents do produce textile fabrics which have a softer hand than would be achieved with the same fibers which are untreated.
In accordance with the present invention, it has been found that greatly improved textile processability of these hydrophobic fibers can be achieved while producing satisfactory antistatic properties by blending a major proportion of fibers having incorporated therein a durable antistatic agent with a minor proportion of fibers having incorporated therein a friction-increasing agent, which preferably is a nondurable antistatic agent.
The need for the friction-increasing agent became apparent when we discovered that the cause of poor processability of the synthetic fibers treated with a durable antistatic agent resulted from a lowering of the frictional char.- acteristics of such yarns.
However, it was also discovered that the textile fabrics made from yarns processed in accordance with our invention had a relatively harsh hand unless the friction-increasing agent was nondurable (i.e., could be readily removed from the fabrics by scouring, washing, etc.). Accordingly, our invention therefore contemplates that the friction-increasing agent preferably be a nondurable agent when it is desired to produce fabrics having a relatively soft hand.
Also, since the tendency of hydrophobic fibers} to build up static charges is much greater during the conditions of textile processing, particularly those encountered in picking and carding, then it is during conditions of consumer use of the textile products, it is important that the fibers have a higher degree of antistatic properties during textile processing. Accordingly, the friction-increasing agent should also possess antistatic properties so as to provide the higher degree of protection necessary during the textile processing operations.
Illustrative of hydrophobicsynthetic fiberswhich are .of particular interest in the practice of our invention are those fibers prepared from vinyl polymers, for example, acrylic fibers, polypropylene fibers, polyvinyl chloride fibers, and the like, and fibers prepared from polymers of polyesters, polyacetals, polyurethanes, and polyamides.
Any of the many durable antistatic agents commonly known may be used on the major proportion of the hydrophobic fibers. Illustrative of these durable antistatic agents are those formed from polyethylene glycol, such as the condensation products of polyethylene glycol diamine and polyethylene glycol dihalide of which Aston 108, Aston '123, and Aston LT sold by Onyx Chemical Corporation, and Stanax and Stanax 1166 sold by Standard Chemical Products, Inc., are commercially available examples. These compounds may be cured with polyepoxides after application to the fibers to produce a durable antistatic finish therein and thereon by such processes as taught in Anthes US. Patent 2,982,751, issued May 2, 1961, which also lists other compounds of this type useful in the practice of our invention. Similarly, these compounds may be cured with dihalides. Also useful are other compounds sold for use as durable antistatic agents such as Zerostat P (polyoxyethylene diepoxide, cross-linked with a diamine) sold by Ciba Chemical and Dye Co. and Aerotex Antistatic No. 6 (polyoxyethylene amine, cross-linked with cyanuric chloride) sold by American Cyanamid Company.
These durable antistatic agents may be applied to the fibers at any stage of processing in any of the conventional Ways. It is important only that the durable antistatic agent be applied to the fibers prior to blending them' Name Description Sold By Permolite Solubilized alkyd resin. Arkansas Co. Inc. Aerotex Resin 700..- Urea-formaldehyde Aigerican Cyanamid condensate. o. Aerotex Resin 803... Modified urea-formalde- Do.
hyde condensate. Iberantislip Solubilized protein A. Harrison & 00., Inc. Kolina Adhesive..- Modified vinylpyrroli- Antara Chemical Co.
done resin. Atlas G-750 Sodium sorbital borate Atlas Chemical Industry, Inc. Atlas (Ii-3300...".-. Alkylamine alkane Do.
sulfonate. Non-slip Finish Water-soluble modified Apex Chemical Co.,
No. 22. resin. nc. Beratex No. 510 Modified all-rylarylsul- Berkshire Color &
. ion e. Chemical Co. Arogum Protein blend A181 Chemical Product I r o. Larnol 60-98 Polyvinyl alcohol Borden Chemical Co. Estralok A H2O soluble-polym- Crown Chemical Corp.
' erized resin ester. Melltone SCR Polyoxyethylene ester Do.
composition. Lubritone SA Emulsified lubricants.-- Chas. S. Tanner Co. Conco Non-slip Viscid water-soluble Continental Chemical Special A & B. resin. 00. Lureen Special"..- Fatty based derivative George A. Gautston C0.
iv/bonding agents. Krinkle Finish-.-" Emulsified fatty esters.. Grestoo Dyes &
Chemical, Inc. Syton DS Colloidal silica Mmsanto Chemical 0. Lenoscroop600 Modified fatty ester"-.. Lenox Chemical Co.
emulsion. Cachalot -2l Oleyl alcohol M. Michel & C0. Atco Bindtex 11...- Water-soluble resin Metro-Atlantic, Inc. Prosotex CR Blended organic aoids Quaker Chemical Corp. Standatln 92 Water-soluble thermo- Standard Chemical plastic resin. Product Inc.
In the preferred embodiments of our invention, the friction-increasing agent also serves as an antistatic which is nondurable (i.e., easily removed from the fibers in the finished product by washing or scouring). Illustrative of these non-durable friction-increasing antistatic agents are the following:.
o. Lekrostat B, GV--- Heterocyclic amine Dextfir Chemical Corp.
Lekrostat C Fatty annne salts o. Aquazine 88 Fatty hydrazmlum Moretex Chemical chloride Products Inc. OrcoLAntlstatic Cationic compound.. Organic Chemical Corp.
83 Parastat S Polyoxyethylene alkyl- Trylon Chemical amine. Corp. Borne-stat.-,t Polyalkylaryl sulfo- Borne Chermcal Co.
nate. Dowfax 2A1 Dodecyldiphenyloxide Dow Chemical Co.
disulfonic aced. Emkastat K Sulfonated aliphatic Emkay Chemical Col compound. Seyco Stat-96 Blend of fatty esters Seydel-Wodley & C0.
. and polyoxyethylene fatty derivatives. Zelac NE Alcolhol phosphate Du Pont.
composition. Cirrasol GM Polyglycol ester Arnold, Hofiman & Co. Lubrol WX. Fatty-alcohol ethylene Do.
oxide condensate. Carbowax... Polyethylene glycol.. UmglncCarbrde Chem- 1c 0. Y Sorbinox L-20 Polyoxyethylene sorbi- Trylon Chemical Corp.
tan monolaurate. Paralube 20 -.do Do. Textiline 3645 Nonionic esters and Sonneborn Chemical &
hydrocarbons. Refining Corp. Sonostat-GO Nonionic derivative-.." Do Syn-stat 400 Polyethylene glycol Syn-Chemical Corp.
derivatives. Syn-stat BH...... Complex phosphated Do. alcohol.
- Name Descriptiom Sold By Syn-stat D- Polyethylene glycol Syn-Chemical Corp.
derivatives. Stantex 810 Blend of fatty and Standard Chemical synthetic lubricants. Products. Elosol SG Ethyleneoxide conden- Do.
sa e. Elosol V Amphoteric compound. Sandoz, Inc. Lubrofin Polyoxyethylene csters. Richmond Oil, Soap &
Chemical Co. Nopcostat AS-40..- Fatty amide Nopco Chemical Co. Nopcostat 2152K... Fatty ester Do. Nopcostat LV-40 Fattty amide and fatty Do.
os er. Vimset Fatty acid ethylene- MctroAtlautic, Inc.
oxide condensate. Lenostat Plus Blend of nonionic Lenox Chemical Co.
esters. Lenoscroop 125.-- Modified fatty ester Do.
emulsion. Conditionol Blend of humectant Maker Color & Chemagents w/amine conical Co.
densates.
Conditionol W. Mixture of sulfonated Bryant Chemical Co. 0115, resins and Y These friction-increasing agents may be applied to the fibers at any stage of processing in any of the conventional ways. It is important only that they be applied to the fibers prior to blending them with other fibers which have been treated with a durable antistatic agent, which blending occurs prior to formation of the fibers into threads. Preferably the friction increasing agent is incorporated on the fibers so treated in an amount sufiicient to increase the frictional characteristics of the blend of fibers to a level comparable to those fibers for which the textile processing equipment was designed, as in the cotton system, the woolen system, and the worsted system. Usually this can be achieved with the use of an amount of friction-increasing agent between about 0.25% and 1.0% based on the weight of fibers so treated. It is important that the fibers treated with the friction-increasing agent constitute a minor proportion, preferably. from 10% to of the fibers in the blend, particularly when such agent is nondurable.
The following examples will serve to illustrate a particular embodiment of our invention and some of the advantages thereof. In each of these examples, the fibers used were acrylic fibers of a copolymer of acrylonitrile and methylmethacrylate prepared by wet-spinning from an aqueous sodium thiocyanate solution thereof.
Example Crimped acrylic fibers were padded in a trough with a formulation containing Aston 108 (a condensation product of polyethylene glycol diamine and polyethylene glycol dihalide), cut into 2 staple, wet opened, dried at about C. for about nine minutes, and then cured with a polyepoxide as taught in Anthes US Patent 2,982,- 751, issued May 2, 1961, for about nine minutes at about 114 C. to form a product identified as Fiber A which contained about 0.6% durable antistatic agent based on weight of fiber.
Other acrylic fibers were padded with Nopco LV-40 finish (a mixture of fatty amides and fatty esters), crimped, cut into 2" staple; wet opened, and dried at about 60 C. for'about nine minutes to form a product identified as Fiber B which containedvabout 0.5% nondurable friction-increasing antistatic agent based on weight of fiber.
A blend was prepared containing Fiber A and 35% Fiber B by introducing the dry fibers in the proper proportions into a wet opener and then passingthe mixture through a dry opener. The resulting blend was readily processable through thecotton system (which includes picker, card, draw frame, roving frame, and spinning frame) without .diffi'culty. oven and knitted products from threads so made from this blend of fibers exhibited a very soft hand afterwashing and scouring toaremove 'at all on textile equipment. These fibers were not blended with any other fibers.
antistatic rating after ten machine washes was fair to good or better. It will also be noted that where the fraction of the fibers treated with the durable antistatic agent was 45% or less, the processability on textile equipment ranged from very poor down through not processable.
Example 3 In a similar manner, a lot of Fiber A, prepared as in Example 1, was processed on the cotton system after being properly opened. Numerous interruptions of operations for cleaning were required due to overloading of the feed roll prior to the beater in picking the fiber. The lap was poor, 'very, soft, and uneven. Carding required use of a fancy and loading of the drum was excessive. Sliver from the card, on passing through the trumpet to the can, caused excess finish to build up in the trumpet. Drawing and roving steps were troubled with roll lapping and build-up of finish on the rolls. Spinning was troubled with finish building up on the rolls also, all causing inferior yarns to be formed.
Example 4 Other fibers were prepared using other permanent antistatic agents as indicated in the following table. In this table it will be seen that fibers treated with the permanent antistatic agent ranged from poor to not processable the nondurable finish while still exhibiting satisfactory t li q g b a ti tatic resistance to the accumulation of static charges. 5 iq w-cessa u y a I A Q Exam le 2 Q Stanax 0.25 goorun 0.50 ery poo Good In a manner similar tott-hat of Example 1, other blends 0.75 Not proces bl were prepared in which. a maj r. pr porti n. f the fibers mm 1166 12 V553jjj D were treated with a durable antistatic agent and a minor 1.00 Not processablo. proportion of the fibers were treated with a friction- 108 8:2 gf,- 82 55 increasing agent. The durable antistatic agent and the 0.75 Not mcessabla. I friction-increasing agent were applied to their respective i 2 ggjjjj lots of fibers utilizing the general procedures of Example Aston 123 0.25 Poor-very poor Fair. 1. These blends, detailed in the following table, all pro-. 15 i i g g pl'ows' duced fiber blends having the characteristics indicated A t A 0.75 Notp in the table. It will be noted that in all cases where the percent of fibers treated with the durable antistatic agent was equal to or greater than 55%, the pro-cessabilityon Durable antistatic agent Percent D-A Percent D-A Friction-increasing Percent F-I Percent F-l Processabilit o A t (D-A) on fiber treated fiber agent (F-I) on fiber treated fiber textile 611111135 1613; at t ei i n i liig in blend in blend washes Stanax 0.25 80 N0pc'ostat LV40 0.5 Failugood 0 50 65 do 0.7 35 Good.
75 0.7 75 Do. 0.75 65 0.5 35 Do. I 0 f 0.5 75 Poor.
L 55 0. 5 45 Good-fair. 2.0 0. 5 75 Evidence of static. Stanax 1150 0.25 65 600%0 0.5 80 0.25 20 1.0 43 0.5 55 V good 0.5 20 Good. Aston 108 i Fairagood 75 0. 5 25 Excellent-good. 0. 75 65 Myr 45 0. 25 Good. 1 0 25 Nopcostat LV 0. 7 75 55 d0 0.7 1.5 35 0.7 Aston 123 0- 5 30 0. 5 20 Fair-good.
M t- 0.4 35 Good. 1 0 1 (852 8.: :3(5) good-excellent. 6 2; a N m... 65 i Aerotex antistatic No. 1 005 a 0.5 20 Good F 0.75 65 .do 0.25 35 do... Gi tid 1. 5 65 .-d0 0. 5 35 Fair-good textile equipment was good or very good, and that the Example 5 In a similar manner, a lot of Fiber B was opened and subsequently converted to fabric with no textile processing difiiculty. Picking, carding, drawing, etc. were all performed at a commercially acceptable level of performance. These fabrics, so formed, before and after being subjected to the normal predyeing scour or after dyeing had a very harsh scroopy handle characteristic of most man-made fibers. Also, after scouring or dyeing, these fibers had no antistatic protection at all.
Example 6 Fiber C was prepared in the same manner as Fiber A (see Example 1) except that Aston 123 are used instead of Aston 108 and the producted contained 1.75% durable antistatic agent based on weight of fiber.
A- blend was prepared containing 33% Fiber C and 67% untreated acrylic fibers by introducing the dry fibers in the proper proportions into a wet opener and then passing the mixture through a dry opener. The resulting blend could not be processed through the cotton system under conditions approaching normal. During picking, the fibers exhibited static accumulation by adhering to the hopper walls. Also, the fibers bunched up under and behind the feed roll prior to the beater. The lap from the picker was uneven and contained many fused fibers.
-Even when lighter loads of fiber were fed, successful operations were not obtained.
We claim: 1. A blend of hydrophobic synthetic fibers having improved antistatic properties and improved processability through textile machines consisting essentially of 2. A blend of hydrophobic synthetic fibers having improved antistatic properties and improved processability through textile machines consisting essentially of (a) a major proportion comprising from about 55% to about 90% of the fibers in the blend having applied thereto a durable friction-reducing antistatic agent, and (b) a minor proportion comprising from about 10% to about 45% of the fibers in the blend having applied thereto a readily removable friction-increasing antistatic agent. 3. The product of claim 2 wherein the fibers of said major proportion have applied thereto 0.25% to 2.0% of -18 durable friction-reducing antistatic agent on weight of fibersin said major proportion and wherein the fibers of said minor proportion. have applied thereto 0.25% to 1.0% of readily removable friction-increasing antistatic agent on weight of .fibers in said minor proportion.
4. The product of claim 2 wherein said hydrophobic synthetic fibers are all acrylic fibers.
5. The product of claim 2 wherein said durable frictionreducing'antistatic agent comprises a product of crosslinking a linear polymer formed by the condensation of polyethylene glycol diamine and polyethylene glycol dihalide.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,832,697 ,4/1958 Walles 177138.8 X 2,897,170 7/1959 Gruber ll7--139.5 2,982,751 5/1961 Anthes 117-1395 X 3,008,215 11/1961 Pitts ll7139.5 X 3,019,132 1/1962 Gabler l17139.5 X 3,108,011 10/1963 Frotscher 8115.5 X 3,167,448 1/1965 Hirshfeld 1l7-139.5 X 3,245,905 4/1966 White et a1 117-l38.8
WILLIAM D. MARTIN, Primary Examiner. R. HUSACK, Assistant Examiner.
US399396A 1964-09-25 1964-09-25 Antistatic fiber blend Expired - Lifetime US3399079A (en)

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GB27116/65A GB1035890A (en) 1964-09-25 1965-06-25 Anti-static fibre blend
FR24800A FR1442735A (en) 1964-09-25 1965-07-15 New blend of textile fibers with improved anti-static properties
NL6509175A NL6509175A (en) 1964-09-25 1965-07-15
ES0316998A ES316998A1 (en) 1964-09-25 1965-08-31 Procedure to improve the antistatic properties of hydrostatic synthetic fibers. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
BE669590A BE669590A (en) 1964-09-25 1965-09-14
LU49522A LU49522A1 (en) 1964-09-25 1965-09-23
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US4053678A (en) * 1974-10-17 1977-10-11 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Fiber tow for stuffing purposes and process for producing it

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US2897170A (en) * 1954-04-09 1959-07-28 American Cyanamid Co Antistatic treatment with a quaternary ammonium compound containing a polyetheneoxy grouping and products thereof
US2982751A (en) * 1958-11-17 1961-05-02 Du Pont Process and composition for rendering synthetic hydrophobic material antistatic and the product obtained therefrom
US3008215A (en) * 1958-01-31 1961-11-14 Du Pont Antistatic textile material
US3019132A (en) * 1956-01-21 1962-01-30 Inventa Ag Process for increasing the frictional resistance between threads, yarns and the like of synthetic linear polyamides and product made thereby
US3108011A (en) * 1959-11-24 1963-10-22 Bohme Fettchemie Gmbh Process for rendering textile materials antistatic
US3167448A (en) * 1961-08-23 1965-01-26 Monsanto Co Process of treating fabrics with ethylene carbonate and article produced therefrom
US3245905A (en) * 1962-10-09 1966-04-12 Eastman Kodak Co Blended fibers having improved antistatic properties

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US2897170A (en) * 1954-04-09 1959-07-28 American Cyanamid Co Antistatic treatment with a quaternary ammonium compound containing a polyetheneoxy grouping and products thereof
US3019132A (en) * 1956-01-21 1962-01-30 Inventa Ag Process for increasing the frictional resistance between threads, yarns and the like of synthetic linear polyamides and product made thereby
US2832697A (en) * 1956-04-30 1958-04-29 Dow Chemical Co Method for applying antistatic agents to polymeric substances and destaticized articles thereby obtained
US3008215A (en) * 1958-01-31 1961-11-14 Du Pont Antistatic textile material
US2982751A (en) * 1958-11-17 1961-05-02 Du Pont Process and composition for rendering synthetic hydrophobic material antistatic and the product obtained therefrom
US3108011A (en) * 1959-11-24 1963-10-22 Bohme Fettchemie Gmbh Process for rendering textile materials antistatic
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4053678A (en) * 1974-10-17 1977-10-11 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Fiber tow for stuffing purposes and process for producing it

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