US3391076A - Single unit delayed coking and calcining process - Google Patents

Single unit delayed coking and calcining process Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3391076A
US3391076A US544189A US54418966A US3391076A US 3391076 A US3391076 A US 3391076A US 544189 A US544189 A US 544189A US 54418966 A US54418966 A US 54418966A US 3391076 A US3391076 A US 3391076A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
coke
drum
combustion zone
coking
point
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US544189A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Allred Victor Dean
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Marathon Oil Co
Original Assignee
Marathon Oil Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Marathon Oil Co filed Critical Marathon Oil Co
Priority to US544189A priority Critical patent/US3391076A/en
Priority to GB18200/67A priority patent/GB1135307A/en
Priority to ES339617A priority patent/ES339617A1/es
Priority to DE1671339A priority patent/DE1671339B2/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3391076A publication Critical patent/US3391076A/en
Assigned to MARATHON OIL COMPANY, AN OH CORP reassignment MARATHON OIL COMPANY, AN OH CORP ASSIGNS THE ENTIRE INTEREST Assignors: MARATHON PETROLEUM COMPANY
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B55/00—Coking mineral oils, bitumen, tar, and the like or mixtures thereof with solid carbonaceous material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
    • C10L9/08—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by heat treatments, e.g. calcining

Definitions

  • the present invention comprises a process for the coking of petroleum hydrocarbons and the calcination of the resulting coke in situ in a single piece of apparatus comprising in combination the steps of conventionally delayedcoking cokable petroleum hydrocarbons in a delayedcoking drum, so designed as to be capable of withstanding the temperatures necessary to the calcining of the resulting delayed coke, and thereafter while said delayed coke remains in the drum in which it was coked, igniting said coke and introducing an oxygen containing gas into said coke at a point removed from the point at which said coke was ignited so as to cause the ignition of volatiles Within the coke in a relatively limited combustion zone, venting from the coke drum any combustion gases formed in said combustion zone, said venting occurring at a point on the opposite side of said combustion zone from the point of introduction of said oxygen containing gas, controlling the flow of said oxygen containing gas so as to cause coke contacting said combustion zone to be calcined to a predetermined
  • the present invention relates to new processes and apparatus for the combined coking and calcining of petroleum hydrocarbons in a single piece of apparatus.
  • the delayed coking process for the formation of coke from hydrocarbons is long established and well known. Briefly, the process consists of heating such hydrocarbons to temperatures sufiicient to cause them to coke and immediately and rapidly running the hot hydrocarbons into a relatively quiescent chamber generally known as a coking drum. Coking occurs in this drum with the noncokable volatilized hydrocarbons being evolved, generally from the top of the drum, and conveyed to other refining processes. After the coking is complete, the coke drum is usually unloaded by removing large manhole covers or doors from the top and bottom of the drum which is in most cases a vertical cylinder with conical or rounded ends.
  • the delayed petroleum coke is a hard dense material which is removed from the drum only with difficulty.
  • the disadvantages of these processes include the difficulty in maneuvering the high pressure water drills in the relatively confined space of the coke drum, the time hfldlfl'lb Patented July 2, 1968 required to cut out chunks of relatively hard dense coke, and the need for handling the green or uncalcined coke and transporting it to a calciner.
  • the present process permits the in situ calcining of delayed coke in the same apparatus in which the coking occurs.
  • the present invention permits rapid removal of the calcined coke from the coke drum frequently without the need for any significant mechanical fragmentation of the coke.
  • the invention particularly utilizes the fact that in most instances a major shrinkage e.g., in the range of 20%, occurs in coke during the calcining process.
  • a basic aspect of the practice of the processes of the present invention is that the coke is calcined while it is still in the coke drum by igniting the coke preferably at a point near one end of the coke drum and directing an oxygen containing gas e.g., air through the body of coke so that the gas reaches the point of ignition, forming the relatively limited combustion zone and then passes out from the apparatus at a point on the other side of the combustion zone from the point of ignition.
  • an oxygen containing gas e.g., air
  • one principle of the present invention involves the oxygen-containing gas contacting the coke at a point where the coke is relatively cold (well below ignition temperature) because it has not yet passed through the combustion zone.
  • the oxygen containing gas then passes up through this relatively cool coke until it meets the combustion zone where the volatiles are burned.
  • the combustion gases from the combustion zone then continue on and exit through a point on the opposite side of the combustion zone from the point of injection of the oxygen.
  • the quantity of oxygen hydrogen containing gases injected is so controlled as to cause combustion gases evolved from the combustion zone to be oxygen-deficient This prevents any further oxidation of coke which has already been calcined.
  • the hot combustion gases will in most instances, serve to remove further volatiles from the coke which has already passed through the combustion zone.
  • the process of the present invention provides a process for the coking of petroleum hydrocarbons and the calcination of the resulting coke in situ in a single piece of apparatus comprising in combination the steps of conventionally delayed-coking cokable petroleum hydrocarbons in a delayed coking drum so designed as to be capable of withstanding the temperatures necessary to the calcining of the resulting delayed coke, and thereafter while the delayed coke remains in the drum in which it was coked, igniting the coke and introducing an oxygen containing gas into said coke at a point removed from the point at which said coke was ignited so as to cause the ignition of volatiles within the coke in a relatively limited combustion zone, venting from the coke drum any combustion gases formed in the combustion zone, said venting occurring at a point on the opposite side of said com- 3 bustion zone from the point of introduction of said oxygen-containing gas, controlling the flow of said oxygencontaining gas so as to cause coke contacting said combustion zone to be calcined to a predetermined desirable degree with minimal combustion of
  • the drawing is a schematic diagram of typical apparatus for practice of the present invention.
  • Cokable hydrocarbons preferably the petroleum residual from a distillation of crude petroleum, are heated to a coking temperature in the general range of from 700 to 1200 and most preferably from about 880 to about 960 degrees F. in a coking furnace l.
  • the hot hydrocarbons from this coking furnace pass through open valve 2 into a coke drum 3 until the coke drum is full.
  • the vaporized portions of the hydrocarbons feed to the coke drum, pass out of the drum to the top outlet 10, and go on to a distillation or partial condensation in which they are separated into fractions which are recovered.
  • valve 7 is open and valves 8 and Ill are closed.
  • valve 2 is closed and the coking hydrocarbons are allowed to remain quiescent.
  • the coking takes from six to about thirty hours, more preferably from 12 to about 20 hours, during which time they cool substantially and solidify, forming delayed coke 4.
  • valves 7 and 2 With valves 7 and 2 closed and valves 8 and 11 open, air is now forced by means of blower 9 into the coke drum for moving upward through the bed of coke.
  • the coke bed is ignited near the top by use of an igniter 6 which may be a railroad flare, or a gas or electric powered ignition device.
  • combustion zone extending across the cross sectional area of the coke drum.
  • this combustion zone will be of a depth of from about A to about 4 feet and more preferably, from about /2 to about 2 feet as measured along the major axis of the coke drum.
  • valve 11 is operated to control the rate of air flow into the coke drum so that virtually all of the oxygen is consumed in the combustion zone and the area above the combustion zone is deficient in oxygen.
  • This control is very much preferred in order to prevent unnecessary combustion of fixed carbon values from the coke after it has been calcined by contact with the combustion zone.
  • the temperature in the combustion zone is maintained at above 1000 degrees F. and in most cases, lower than 2800 degrees F. While the temperature will vary somewhat according to whether full or partial calcination is desired and according to the percent volatile content of the coke prior to calcination (the green coke), the preferred temperature range in the combustion zone will generally be from about 1400 to about 2400 degrees F.
  • Additional control of the temperature in the combustion zone and of the flow of oxygen into the coker can be achieved by recycling some of the exhaust gases which exit through upper outlet of the coke drum and through valve 8.
  • throttling valve 14 and opening valve 13 recycle of these exhaust gases can be controlled to decrease the oxygen content of the gases entering the coke drum through the bottom outlet 12.
  • the combustion zone move downward at a rate of about /2 to about 6 feet/hour, and more preferably from about 1 to about 3 feet per hour.
  • Various modifications, including the presence of two combustion zones e.g., by igniting the mass of coke in the coke drum at both the top and bottom surfaces and then introducing oxygen into the mid-point of the drum, can be employed.
  • the materials of Construction of the coke drum 3 must be sufliciently temperature resistant to permit the attaining of the desired temperatures in the combustion zone.
  • a relatively conventional steel coke drum which has been specially lined with suflicient thickness of refractory materials e.g., castable refractories or firebrick masonry, will be utilized.
  • the products of the process of the present invention are of course, suitable for a wide variety of uses including use as fuels and as metallurgical additives.
  • the drum After the combustion zone has traveled down the entire length of the coke drum as shown in the drawing, the drum will, in most instances, be filled with a mass of shattered coke and relatively large pieces. This mass of coke will, because of shrinkage due to devolatilization, have pulled away from the walls of the coke drum and be loose. Also, because the calcined coke is relatively friable, the larger chunks may be quickly and readily broken by rodding or similar agitation conducted either by a rod manipulated from the upper manhole 10, or by rod or other breaking device extending upward from the lower manhole 12.
  • a process for the coking of petroleum hydrocarbons and the calcination of the resulting coke in situ in a single piece of apparatus comprising in combination the steps of conventionally delayed coking cokable petroleum hydrocarbons in a delayed coking drum which is substantially a vertical cylinder so designed as to be capable of withstanding the temperatures necessary to the calcining of the resulting delayed coke, and thereafter while said delayed coke remains in the drum in which it was coked, igniting said coke and introducing an oxygen containing gas into said coke at a point removed from the point at which said coke was ignited so as to cause the ignition of volatiles within the coke in a relatively limited combustion zone, venting from the coke drum any combustion gases formed in said combustion zone, said venting occurring at a point on the opposite side of said combustion zone from the point of introduction of said oxygen containing gas, controlling the fiow of said oxygen containing gas so as to cause coke contacting said combustion zone to be calcined to a predetermined desirable degree with minimal combustion of the fixed carbon present in said
  • Apparatus for the coking and in situ calcining of cokable petroleum hydrocarbons comprising in combination a furnace for heating said hydrocarbons to at least their coking temperature, a coke drum having an inlet for said hydrocarbons connected to the outlet of said furnace, having an exhaust outlet for removing noncokable hydrocarbon vapors, having ignition means, having at least one inlet for the injection of oxygen containing gases, having an outlet for the venting of combustion products, and having at least one closable aperture located in its bottom portion for full removal of calcined petroleum coke, said apparatus being so constructed as to be capable of withstanding temperatures at least as high as those required to calcine the petroleum coke to a pre-determined desired degree.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Coke Industry (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
US544189A 1966-04-21 1966-04-21 Single unit delayed coking and calcining process Expired - Lifetime US3391076A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US544189A US3391076A (en) 1966-04-21 1966-04-21 Single unit delayed coking and calcining process
GB18200/67A GB1135307A (en) 1966-04-21 1967-04-20 Single unit delayed coking and calcining process
ES339617A ES339617A1 (es) 1966-04-21 1967-04-21 Proceso para la coquizacion de hidrocarburos de petroleo y la calcinacion del coque resultante in situ, y aparato para su realizacion.
DE1671339A DE1671339B2 (de) 1966-04-21 1967-04-21 Verfahren zum Verkoken von Erdöl-Kohlenwasserstoffen im Kammerverfahren und anschließenden Kalzinieren in situ

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US544189A US3391076A (en) 1966-04-21 1966-04-21 Single unit delayed coking and calcining process

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3391076A true US3391076A (en) 1968-07-02

Family

ID=24171124

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US544189A Expired - Lifetime US3391076A (en) 1966-04-21 1966-04-21 Single unit delayed coking and calcining process

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US3391076A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1671339B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES339617A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1135307A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4431524A (en) * 1983-01-26 1984-02-14 Norman George R Process for treating used industrial oil
RU2426764C1 (ru) * 2010-01-28 2011-08-20 Государственное унитарное предприятие "Институт нефтехимпереработки Республики Башкортостан" (ГУП "ИНХП РБ") Реактор установки замедленного коксования
RU2528992C1 (ru) * 2013-06-11 2014-09-20 Государственное унитарное предприятие "Институт нефтехимпереработки Республики Башкортостан" (ГУП "ИНХП РБ") Реактор замедленного коксования

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ZA818168B (en) * 1980-12-05 1982-10-27 Lummus Co Coke production
JPS59179581A (ja) * 1983-03-29 1984-10-12 Mitsubishi Chem Ind Ltd コ−クス炉の燃料制御方法
CA1239368A (en) * 1984-03-12 1988-07-19 Foster Wheeler Usa Corporation Method for extended conditioning of delayed coke
US5094289A (en) * 1990-09-19 1992-03-10 American Colloid Company Roasted carbon molding (foundry) sand and method of casting

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2732332A (en) * 1956-01-24 Geller
US2813823A (en) * 1956-09-19 1957-11-19 Maurice W Putman Destructive distillation of hydrocarbonaceous materials
US3116231A (en) * 1960-08-22 1963-12-31 Continental Oil Co Manufacture of petroleum coke
US3130146A (en) * 1961-04-24 1964-04-21 Phillips Petroleum Co Production of coke
US3173852A (en) * 1962-04-25 1965-03-16 Continental Oil Co Manufacture of petroleum coke
US3249528A (en) * 1963-01-28 1966-05-03 Marathon Oil Co Countercurrent flow coking process

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2732332A (en) * 1956-01-24 Geller
US2813823A (en) * 1956-09-19 1957-11-19 Maurice W Putman Destructive distillation of hydrocarbonaceous materials
US3116231A (en) * 1960-08-22 1963-12-31 Continental Oil Co Manufacture of petroleum coke
US3130146A (en) * 1961-04-24 1964-04-21 Phillips Petroleum Co Production of coke
US3173852A (en) * 1962-04-25 1965-03-16 Continental Oil Co Manufacture of petroleum coke
US3249528A (en) * 1963-01-28 1966-05-03 Marathon Oil Co Countercurrent flow coking process

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4431524A (en) * 1983-01-26 1984-02-14 Norman George R Process for treating used industrial oil
RU2426764C1 (ru) * 2010-01-28 2011-08-20 Государственное унитарное предприятие "Институт нефтехимпереработки Республики Башкортостан" (ГУП "ИНХП РБ") Реактор установки замедленного коксования
RU2528992C1 (ru) * 2013-06-11 2014-09-20 Государственное унитарное предприятие "Институт нефтехимпереработки Республики Башкортостан" (ГУП "ИНХП РБ") Реактор замедленного коксования

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1671339A1 (de) 1972-02-03
GB1135307A (en) 1968-12-04
ES339617A1 (es) 1968-05-16
DE1671339B2 (de) 1974-05-16
DE1671339C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-01-30

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3110345A (en) Low temperature reverse combustion process
US3391076A (en) Single unit delayed coking and calcining process
DE2404800B2 (de) Schwelgenerator zur gewinnung von gasfoermigen und fluessigen kohlenwasserstoffen und anderen stoffen durch waermebehandlung von automobilreifen
US4251323A (en) Method for calcining delayed coke
US2698777A (en) Procedure for treating solid material with gas at high temperature
US3173852A (en) Manufacture of petroleum coke
US1975259A (en) Method of producing graphitic carbon
US2922752A (en) Continuous carbonization process and apparatus
US2084289A (en) Process of making aluminum chloride
US4146434A (en) Process for the desulfurization of petroleum coke
NO135630B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
US1712132A (en) Reducing zinciferous materials
US2702269A (en) Coking or cracking of oils, pitches, and the like
US3433713A (en) Gravity-flow calciner and process for calcining carbonaceous solids
US4377465A (en) Oil shale retorting method and apparatus
US3272262A (en) Ignition of thick pay formations
US2100758A (en) Continuous-vertical coking retort oven
US1289800A (en) Ore-reducing furnace and process.
US1966362A (en) Method of calcining diatomaceous earth
US1941804A (en) Porous ceramic product and the manufacture thereof
US3258409A (en) Method for producing coke
US2253470A (en) Chlorination of titanium bearing materials
SU682448A1 (ru) Способ прокаливани нефт ного кокса
US2040875A (en) Apparatus for the coking of bituminous or asphaltic liquids
US2733913A (en) Blast furnace linings

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: MARATHON OIL COMPANY, AN OH CORP

Free format text: ASSIGNS THE ENTIRE INTEREST IN ALL PATENTS AS OF JULY 10,1982 EXCEPT PATENT NOS. 3,783,944 AND 4,260,291. ASSIGNOR ASSIGNS A FIFTY PERCENT INTEREST IN SAID TWO PATENTS AS OF JULY 10,1982;ASSIGNOR:MARATHON PETROLEUM COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:004172/0421

Effective date: 19830420