US3387137A - Multi-passage electron multiplier with potential differences between passageways - Google Patents

Multi-passage electron multiplier with potential differences between passageways Download PDF

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Publication number
US3387137A
US3387137A US363496A US36349664A US3387137A US 3387137 A US3387137 A US 3387137A US 363496 A US363496 A US 363496A US 36349664 A US36349664 A US 36349664A US 3387137 A US3387137 A US 3387137A
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United States
Prior art keywords
strips
passages
passageways
electron multiplier
electrons
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US363496A
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English (en)
Inventor
Adams John
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
US Philips Corp
North American Philips Co Inc
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US Philips Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J43/00—Secondary-emission tubes; Electron-multiplier tubes
    • H01J43/04—Electron multipliers
    • H01J43/06—Electrode arrangements
    • H01J43/18—Electrode arrangements using essentially more than one dynode
    • H01J43/24—Dynodes having potential gradient along their surfaces
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J29/00—Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
    • H01J29/02—Electrodes; Screens; Mounting, supporting, spacing or insulating thereof
    • H01J29/023—Electrodes; Screens; Mounting, supporting, spacing or insulating thereof secondary-electron emitting electrode arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J31/00—Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes
    • H01J31/08—Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes having a screen on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked up, converted, or stored
    • H01J31/50—Image-conversion or image-amplification tubes, i.e. having optical, X-ray, or analogous input, and optical output
    • H01J31/505—Image-conversion or image-amplification tubes, i.e. having optical, X-ray, or analogous input, and optical output flat tubes, e.g. proximity focusing tubes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J31/00—Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes
    • H01J31/08—Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes having a screen on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked up, converted, or stored
    • H01J31/50—Image-conversion or image-amplification tubes, i.e. having optical, X-ray, or analogous input, and optical output
    • H01J31/506—Image-conversion or image-amplification tubes, i.e. having optical, X-ray, or analogous input, and optical output tubes using secondary emission effect
    • H01J31/507—Image-conversion or image-amplification tubes, i.e. having optical, X-ray, or analogous input, and optical output tubes using secondary emission effect using a large number of channels, e.g. microchannel plates

Definitions

  • FIG.3 PRIOR ART 9 8 2 QVZ'ZflOfifiUfi 1 I I I I I I I 13 10 ,26
  • Secondary-emission multipliers comprise a great number of parallel passage ways, for example tubular channels in a thin plate of insulating material, which is arranged transversely of the direction of travel of the electrons. The two faces where the passage Ways open out, are coated with a metal layer, to which supply condoctors are connected for the application of an electric voltage which accelerates the electrons.
  • the perforated plate may be made of insulating material.
  • the walls of the channels are coated with a thin layer of resistive material.
  • the required electrical conductivity for a uniform distribution of the voltage along the surface may also be obtained by using certain kinds of glass having a reduced internal resistance.
  • the coincidence of the direction of propagation of the electrons with the axes of the channels brings aboutthat electrons covering paths parallel to the direction of propagation from the input side to the output side of the channels do not take part in the electron multiplication.
  • the intensification obtained is therefore less great and it may furthermore be non-uniform for image points having relatively different electron densities, while the stray of the electron paths is not the same anywhere.
  • the invention has for its object to avoid said disadvantages and relates to an electron-optical image intensifier with a secondary-emission multiplier consisting of an assembly of closely adjacent, narrow passages in a support having parallel faces coated with a metal layer, where the passages open out, while the walls of the passages have slightly electrically conducting faces of satisfactory secondary-emissive properties.
  • the conducting coating on at least one of the two faces of the support consists of narrow, parallel strips which extend in the direction of one dimension of the face throughout the length thereof and in the direction of the other dimension are separated from each other, while the strips are alternately connected electrically to each other and to supply conductors for the connection to a voltage source.
  • FIG. 1 shows diagrammatically an image' intensifier with an electron multiplier
  • FIG. 2. shows a small part of the electron multiplier in a sectional view
  • FIG. 3 shows an embodiment in a side elevation
  • FIG. 4 shows in more detail an end view of the electron multiplier.
  • the electron image tube comprises an exhausted envelope 1 and a photo-electric cathode 2 and a luminescent screen 3.
  • a projection of the object 5 is produced on the photo-cathode 2 and a luminescent image is produced on the phosphor screen 3, said image corresponding to the photo-cathode image and being observable from the spot 6.
  • the secondary-emission multiplier 7 In principle, it is formed by a very great number of narrow passages 8 in a plate of insulating material or of material of low conductivity 9.
  • the pass-ages 8 communicate with the left-hand side and the right-hand side of the plate, both sides being coated with conductive material.
  • a thin aluminum layer applied by spraying constitutes a good conductor.
  • the layers are not homogeneous, but they are formed by strips so that the coatings 10 of a number of dams between the passageson one side are electrically separated from the coatings 11 on each intermediate dam (see FIG. 4). On the opposite sides the strips 12 are electrically separated from the strips 13.
  • the four groups of strips are provided with voltage contacts 15, 1'6, 17, and 18. By these contacts the coatings are connected to different points of a number of voltage sources.
  • the contact 15 has the lowest potential.
  • the contact 16 derives an adjustable voltage from the voltage source 19 of for example 50 v.+. Between the contact 16 and the contact 17 of a set of strips on the other side of the multiplier there prevails a high positive voltage of for example 5000 v., which is supplied by the voltage source 20 and the contact 18 derives a voltage of a value for example 50 V. higher from the voltage source 21.
  • the two contacts 16 and 18 can be displaced in common and are therefore coupled with each other by a line 22.
  • the voltage source 23 is connected in series with the said sources 19, 20 and 21 and is connected to the l-u minescent screen 3.
  • the emerging electrons 26 strike the luminescent screen 3.
  • the electrons travel along the lower side of the Wall and in the other set of passages along the upper side of the wall.
  • the number of impact places may be varied by increasing or decreasing the voltage differences between the strips.
  • a suitable combination of voltages is given by way of example in the following table.
  • Photocathode 200 Conducting strips 10 0 Conducting strips 11 +50 Conducting strips 13 +5000 Conducting strips 12 +5050 By a variation of the voltages across the strips 11 and 12 the angle 0: indicating the slope of the lines of force varies.
  • the passages 8 may be arranged in a uniform pattern of orthogonal lines, while between the openings of the faces are coated with conducting strips 10 and 11 (see FIG. 4).
  • an electron-optical image intensifier including a photoelectric cathode and fluorescent screen positioned on opposite sides of a secondary emission electron multiplier
  • said multiplier comprises an insulating block having a plurality of parallel, closely adjacent narrow passageways therein opening out on opposite faces of said block perpendicular to said cathode and said screen, the walls of said passageways having slightly electrically conducting and secondary emissive surfaces, a conductive coating on the surfaces of said block on which the passageways open out, said conductive coating comprising a plurality of narrow, parallel strips which extend in the direction of one dimension of said surface through the length thereof and are separated from each other in the transverse direction, means to connect alternate strips on each surface together and to different potential sources maintaining a potential difference therebetween whereby an electrical field can be maintained between the opposite faces on either side of the insulating block the lines of force of which field extend obliquely to the axes of the passageways, and adjustable means for controlling the potentials applied to said strips whereby the intensity of the field and deviation from the direction of propagation
  • An image intensifier as claimed in claim 2 which includes means to adjust the potential differences of the strips on one face and the potential differences between the strips on the other face of the block in common.

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  • Image-Pickup Tubes, Image-Amplification Tubes, And Storage Tubes (AREA)
US363496A 1963-05-01 1964-04-29 Multi-passage electron multiplier with potential differences between passageways Expired - Lifetime US3387137A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB17280/63A GB1064076A (en) 1963-05-01 1963-05-01 Improvements in or relating to image intensifiers

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3387137A true US3387137A (en) 1968-06-04

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US363496A Expired - Lifetime US3387137A (en) 1963-05-01 1964-04-29 Multi-passage electron multiplier with potential differences between passageways

Country Status (5)

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US (1) US3387137A (de)
AT (1) AT244403B (de)
DE (1) DE1281055B (de)
GB (1) GB1064076A (de)
NL (1) NL6404819A (de)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3519870A (en) * 1967-05-18 1970-07-07 Xerox Corp Spiraled strip material having parallel grooves forming plurality of electron multiplier channels
US3634712A (en) * 1970-03-16 1972-01-11 Itt Channel-type electron multiplier for use with display device
US3665497A (en) * 1969-12-18 1972-05-23 Bendix Corp Electron multiplier with preamplifier
US3675063A (en) * 1970-01-02 1972-07-04 Stanford Research Inst High current continuous dynode electron multiplier
US3864595A (en) * 1973-04-19 1975-02-04 Westinghouse Electric Corp Automatic brightness control for gated micro-channel plate intensifier
US4119852A (en) * 1976-01-30 1978-10-10 Thomson-Csf Solid detector for ionizing radiation
US4126813A (en) * 1969-04-09 1978-11-21 International Telephone And Telegraph Corporation Direct view device
US5719623A (en) * 1993-03-23 1998-02-17 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. Streak tube
US5729244A (en) * 1995-04-04 1998-03-17 Lockwood; Harry F. Field emission device with microchannel gain element
US5923120A (en) * 1995-03-10 1999-07-13 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. Microchannel plate with a transparent conductive film on an electron input surface of a dynode
US6522061B1 (en) 1995-04-04 2003-02-18 Harry F. Lockwood Field emission device with microchannel gain element

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2841729A (en) * 1955-09-01 1958-07-01 Bendix Aviat Corp Magnetic electron multiplier
US3235765A (en) * 1962-04-13 1966-02-15 Bendix Corp Electron multiplier having an inclined field

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE869834C (de) * 1942-11-13 1953-03-09 Bosch Gmbh Robert Vervielfacher, insbesondere fuer Bildwandler
US2872721A (en) * 1956-04-12 1959-02-10 Mcgee James Dwyer Electron image multiplier apparatus
GB819217A (en) * 1956-11-30 1959-09-02 Nat Res Dev Improvements in or relating to photo-electron image multipliers

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2841729A (en) * 1955-09-01 1958-07-01 Bendix Aviat Corp Magnetic electron multiplier
US3235765A (en) * 1962-04-13 1966-02-15 Bendix Corp Electron multiplier having an inclined field

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3519870A (en) * 1967-05-18 1970-07-07 Xerox Corp Spiraled strip material having parallel grooves forming plurality of electron multiplier channels
US4126813A (en) * 1969-04-09 1978-11-21 International Telephone And Telegraph Corporation Direct view device
US3665497A (en) * 1969-12-18 1972-05-23 Bendix Corp Electron multiplier with preamplifier
US3675063A (en) * 1970-01-02 1972-07-04 Stanford Research Inst High current continuous dynode electron multiplier
US3634712A (en) * 1970-03-16 1972-01-11 Itt Channel-type electron multiplier for use with display device
US3864595A (en) * 1973-04-19 1975-02-04 Westinghouse Electric Corp Automatic brightness control for gated micro-channel plate intensifier
US4119852A (en) * 1976-01-30 1978-10-10 Thomson-Csf Solid detector for ionizing radiation
US5719623A (en) * 1993-03-23 1998-02-17 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. Streak tube
US5923120A (en) * 1995-03-10 1999-07-13 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. Microchannel plate with a transparent conductive film on an electron input surface of a dynode
EP0731488B1 (de) * 1995-03-10 2001-09-19 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. Mikrokanalplatte und Photovervielfacherröhre
US5729244A (en) * 1995-04-04 1998-03-17 Lockwood; Harry F. Field emission device with microchannel gain element
US6522061B1 (en) 1995-04-04 2003-02-18 Harry F. Lockwood Field emission device with microchannel gain element

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1064076A (en) 1967-04-05
AT244403B (de) 1966-01-10
DE1281055B (de) 1968-10-24
NL6404819A (de) 1964-11-02

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