US3385581A - Rotatable tubular structure embodying a large reserve section and heat exchanger andfurnace embodying same - Google Patents

Rotatable tubular structure embodying a large reserve section and heat exchanger andfurnace embodying same Download PDF

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Publication number
US3385581A
US3385581A US535910A US53591066A US3385581A US 3385581 A US3385581 A US 3385581A US 535910 A US535910 A US 535910A US 53591066 A US53591066 A US 53591066A US 3385581 A US3385581 A US 3385581A
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United States
Prior art keywords
tube
grads
heat exchanger
embodying
section
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Expired - Lifetime
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US535910A
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English (en)
Inventor
Cerles Georges
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Pechiney SA
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Pechiney SA
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F5/00—Elements specially adapted for movement
    • F28F5/02—Rotary drums or rollers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/28—Moving reactors, e.g. rotary drums
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F27B7/02—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined of multiple-chamber or multiple-drum type
    • F27B7/04—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined of multiple-chamber or multiple-drum type with longitudinal divisions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F27B7/14—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined with means for agitating or moving the charge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28C—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT WITHOUT CHEMICAL INTERACTION
    • F28C3/00—Other direct-contact heat-exchange apparatus
    • F28C3/10—Other direct-contact heat-exchange apparatus one heat-exchange medium at least being a fluent solid, e.g. a particulate material
    • F28C3/12—Other direct-contact heat-exchange apparatus one heat-exchange medium at least being a fluent solid, e.g. a particulate material the heat-exchange medium being a particulate material and a gas, vapour, or liquid
    • F28C3/16—Other direct-contact heat-exchange apparatus one heat-exchange medium at least being a fluent solid, e.g. a particulate material the heat-exchange medium being a particulate material and a gas, vapour, or liquid the particulate material forming a bed, e.g. fluidised, on vibratory sieves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28C—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT WITHOUT CHEMICAL INTERACTION
    • F28C3/00—Other direct-contact heat-exchange apparatus
    • F28C3/10—Other direct-contact heat-exchange apparatus one heat-exchange medium at least being a fluent solid, e.g. a particulate material
    • F28C3/12—Other direct-contact heat-exchange apparatus one heat-exchange medium at least being a fluent solid, e.g. a particulate material the heat-exchange medium being a particulate material and a gas, vapour, or liquid
    • F28C3/18—Other direct-contact heat-exchange apparatus one heat-exchange medium at least being a fluent solid, e.g. a particulate material the heat-exchange medium being a particulate material and a gas, vapour, or liquid the particulate material being contained in rotating drums
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2219/00074—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids
    • B01J2219/00117—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids with two or more reactions in heat exchange with each other, such as an endothermic reaction in heat exchange with an exothermic reaction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F27B7/02—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined of multiple-chamber or multiple-drum type
    • F27B7/04—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined of multiple-chamber or multiple-drum type with longitudinal divisions
    • F27B2007/046—Radial partitions
    • F27B2007/048—Radial partitions defining an helical chamber

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method for establishing a reserve of large section in a rotating tubular member and it relates particularly to the means for giving effect to same and to the application thereof to a heat exchanger or tubular furnace (kiln).
  • the furnace In a rotating furnace, having a horizontal or slightly inclined axis about which it is rotated, the furnace is usually supplied at one end with non-gaseous material that normally assumes the form of the receptacle in which it is contained, such as a liquid or a pulverulent material, and the product is usually delivered from the other end.
  • non-gaseous material that normally assumes the form of the receptacle in which it is contained, such as a liquid or a pulverulent material, and the product is usually delivered from the other end.
  • the size of the transverse section of the stream of material traveling along the tube, usually referred to as the bank depends generally on the speed of rotation, the cross-section of the tube, and the instrinsic qualities of the material, particularly the angle of internal friction of the material.
  • one or more rings are positioned coaxially in the tube with the internal diameter of the rings being smalled than that of the tube.
  • the gas velocities increase in the inverse ratio to the flow section whereby such increased velocity and turbulence causes considerable quantities of solid or even liquid material to be entrained and blown away.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view along a plane perpendicular to the axis of a tubular cyclic or rotating heat exchanger
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional View similar to that of FIG. 1 but showing a modification in the heat exchanger
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the heat exchanger of FIG. 1 which includes a ring designed to provide the reserve of the material in accordance with the practice of this invention
  • FIG. 4 is a sectional view of an exchanger in which the reserve is obtained by a helicoidal barrier
  • FIG. 5 represents a geometric construction intended to assist in the understanding of the operation of the barrier shown in FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 6 is a sectional view along a plane perpendicular to the axis, showing a liquid reserve of 155 grads, obtained by means of 8 helicoids with a pitch fraction of 205 grads, with downstream and upstream truncation through planes which are tangential to the internal cylinder and pass through the ends of the external helices; and
  • FIG. 7 is a view of a thread providing a reserve of 155 grads, formed by a helicoid segment with a pitch fraction of 50 grads and extended by two wedges of 77.75 grads.
  • At least one barrier formed by an assembly of n threads is interposed in the flow passage of the material, each of said threads being composed, at least in part, of a helicoid coaxial with the rotating tube.
  • the threads have a pitch fraction equal to g A grads and being derived one from the other by a rotation of the same angle of 400/11 grads about a common axis.
  • the winding direction of the helicoids is opposite to the direction of the rotation of the tube, at least in the downstream portion of the barrier.
  • the arrangement in accordance with the practice of this invention is formed by at least one barrier in the form of a rotating tube having at least one assembly of n threads therein composed, at least in part, of a helicoid coaxial with said tube.
  • the threads are formed with a pitch fraction equal to %+A grads and are offset one from the other by an angle equal to 400/11 grads.
  • the winding direction of the helicoids is opposite to the direction of rotation of the tube, at least in the downstream barrier portion.
  • the exchanger shown in FIG. 1 comprises a tube 1 having a horizontal or inclined axis and which is mounted for turning movement about its axis 2 in the direction of the arrow 10. Circulating within the tube and in the vicinity of its lower generatrix is the material 5 that is to be treated. The hot gases for heating or the cold gases for cooling the material circulate at 4 in the vicinity of the highest generatrix of the tube. A segment 3 of the tube 1 is situated between two close axial planes and thus passes successively into the zone 4, where it absorbs units of heat or cold, and into the lower zone, where it gives up the heat units or cold to the material 5.
  • calorific mass of the exchanger is increased by concentric rings 6, 7, etc. disposed within the tube 1 and in the form of an assembly of hoops held together by spokes 8, as shown in FIG. 2.
  • the mass of material occupies an angle 9, known as the center angle.
  • the quantity of heat transmitted to the material with each revolution of the tube 1 will depend on the center angle.
  • the quantity of heat transmitted will be a maximum for a certain value of this angle, depending somewhat on the nature of the material. In the case of alumina (A1 this optimum value is 135 grads, but the quantity of heat transmitted decreases by an amount of only 5% when this value changes up to 155 grads on down to 100 grads. For reasons of rate of flow, it is preferred to make use of a value between 135 and 155 grads.
  • the center angle 9 is usually obtained (as shown in FIG. 3), by a continuous ring 12 coaxial with the furnace, limited by the internal circle 11.
  • a continuous ring 12 coaxial with the furnace, limited by the internal circle 11.
  • the speed of the gas which is inversely proportional to the flow section, is high, resulting in an increased turbulence that causes considerable quantities of the material 5 to be entrained and blown away, whether the material is liquid or solid.
  • This invention overcomes this disadvantage by a barrier formed of an assembly of helicoids coaxial with the tube 1 and interposed in the flow of the material 5, as shown in FIG. 4. These helicoids are all of the same pitch fraction and derived from one another by rotation of a same angle about the common axis 2. The winding direction of the helicoids is opposite to the direction of rotation of the tube 1.
  • the helicoids are truncated by the cylinder 11 coaxial with the rotating tube.
  • the plane 1819 which is tangential to this cylinder and cuts the tube 1, forms with this latter, the cylindrical sector 5, the transverse section of which represents the maximum section of the bank.
  • the pitch fraction of each thread F is determined by:
  • Each helicoid can be truncated by two planes at a tangent to the internal cylinder 11, with each passing through one of the extreme points of the helix representing the intersection of the helicoid in question with the wall of the tube 1.
  • the pitch can be arbitrary; however, it should not be made too small, so as to avoid an exaggerated pressure drop in the gases or vapors which are passing through the zones free from the helicoids, nor should it be too large, in order to permit the retrogression by a sliding action of the material during the rotation.
  • the operation of the barrier is explained by assuming that the material to be retained to form a reserve is a liquid and that the rotating tube 1 has a horizontal axis.
  • the explanation is also applicable to the case where the material is a powder and/or the tube is slightly inclined relative to the horizontal.
  • a reserve A which in the case illustrated has a center angle of grads, is obtained by n helicoids, in the present case 8 helicoids.
  • the pitch fraction F is thus:
  • FIG. 4 In order to facilitate the understanding of the operation of the helicoidal barrier, the assembly of FIG. 4 is projected onto the wall of the rotating tube 1 by means of straight lines perpendicular to the axis 2 and passing through this latter, as shown in FIG. 5. This projection is developed along one plane, as illustrated by the lower part of FIG. 5.
  • the different helicoids 21 to 28 are represented by the straight lines 2121'28-28 inclined on the generatrices of the cylinder, the limits of the bank 18 and 19 being shown by two straight lines 18' and 19' parallel to the generatrices of the tube 1.
  • the tube is assumed to be seetioned along the generatrix 20, which is represented on the development by two straight lines 20' and 20", which is also parallel to the generatrices. On the development, the upstream edge is at the top of the figure.
  • each reserve-forming thread can finally be formed by a helicoid fraction of 400/n grads, at the end of which are added two wedges formed by the section prolonging the helicoid through two planes tangential to the internal cylinder. One of these planes passes through one end of the guiding helix traced on the tube, and the other through the other end of this guiding helix.
  • the pitch fraction of each of these wedges is thus: A/2.
  • FIG. 6 represents such a retaining device for providing a reserve. Comparison with FIG. 4 enables appreciation of the importance of the truncations.
  • FIG. 7 represents a retaining thread of 155 grads formed by a helicoid segment 31 with a pitch fraction 32 equal to:
  • 205 grads 50 grads prolonged by two wedges 33 and 34 with a pitch fraction 35 equal to:
  • the obstruction to the flow of the gases or vapors is reduced to a minimum which is equal to the total section of the tube reduced by the section 36 of the bank.
  • This flow section is thus much greater than that which is obtained by a ring coaxial with the tube, reference being made to 4 of FIG. 3.
  • the pitch fractions which have been calculated can be more or less reduced, depending on the angle of the bank.
  • the applications of the arrangement of this invention are numerous. It can be applied to all the heat exchangers between a gas or a vapor, on the one hand, and a liquid or a powder, on the other hand, with heat exchange taking place in either direction.
  • the invention finds excellent application to a calcining furnace for aluminum oxide and to a cooling arrangement for calcined aluminum oxide.
  • helicoidal barrier with other means, such as, for example, the rings 6 and 7 of FIG. 2 in the same exchanger. It is also possible to multiply the number of helicoidal barriers or the number of pairs of barriers with an opposite winding direction.
  • a method of establishing, in a rotating tubular structure, a reserve of large section corresponding to a center angle A of up to 200 grads without causing any excessive restriction of the free flow passage for vapors and gases comprising providing at least one barrier formed by an assembly of 11 threads interposed in the flow of the material, at least a part of each thread being composed of a helicoid coaxial with the rotating tube, said threaded portions having a pitch fraction equal to +A grads and being offset one from another by a rotation of the same angle of 400/ n grads about the common axis, the direction of winding of the helicoids being opposite to the direction of rotation of the tube in at least the downstream barrierportion, where said n is equal to the number of threads.
  • each of the threads is formed of a helicoid coaxial with the rotating tube.
  • each of the threads is formed by a helicoid segment having a pitch fraction equal to the nth part of the center angle A of the desired reserve.
  • a tubular heat exchanger having a reserve of large cross-section corresponding to a center angle A of up to 200 grads comprising an elongate tube, means mounting the tube for rotation about its lengthwise axis, at least one barrier mounted Within the tube in the form of n threads at least a portion of each of which is composed of a helicoid coaxial with the tube, the threads having the same pitch fraction equal to and offset one from another by an angle equal to 400/n grads, the winding direction of the helicoids being opposite to the direction of rotation of the tube in the downstream portion and in which each of the threads is in the form of a helicoid segment having a pitch fraction equal to the nth part of the center angle A defining the reserve, where said n is equal to the number of threads.
  • each of the threads is in the form of a helicoid coaxial with the rotating tube.
  • a tubular heat exchanger having a reserve of large cross-section comprising an elongate tube, means mounting the tube for rotation about its lengthwise axis, at least one barrier mounted within the tube in the form of n threads at least a portion of each of which is composed of a helicoid coaxial with the tube, the threads having the same pitch fraction equal to a -FA grads and offset one from another by an angle equal to 400/n grads, the winding direction of the helicoids being opposite to the direction of rotation of the tube in the downstream portion and in which each of the threads is in the form of a helicoid segment having a pitch fraction equal to the nth part of a center angle A defining the desired reserve and in which the threads are prolonged by two wedges having a pitch fraction equal to A/2 and formed by the section of the elongation of the helicoid through two planes tangential to the internal cylinder at a tangent to the plane limiting the desired bank, one of the planes passing
  • a tubular heat exchanger as claimed in claim 7 in which the threads are truncated by a cylinder coaxial with the rotating tube and tangential to the plane limiting the desired tank.
  • a tubular heat exchanger as claimed in claim 7 in which a reserve is localized to a predetermined length of the rotating tube by providing two similar helicoidal barriers in which the upstream barrier is at a pitch opposite the downstream barrier.
  • a tubular structure as claimed in claim 7 which comprises a rotating kiln.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)
  • Shaping Of Tube Ends By Bending Or Straightening (AREA)
  • Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Winding, Rewinding, Material Storage Devices (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Vehicle Cleaning, Maintenance, Repair, Refitting, And Outriggers (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
US535910A 1965-03-19 1966-03-21 Rotatable tubular structure embodying a large reserve section and heat exchanger andfurnace embodying same Expired - Lifetime US3385581A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9878A FR1436820A (fr) 1965-03-19 1965-03-19 Procédé pour la création dans un tube tournant d'une retenue de grande section, appareillage pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé et application aux échangeurs de chaleur et aux fours tubulaires

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US3385581A true US3385581A (en) 1968-05-28

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US535910A Expired - Lifetime US3385581A (en) 1965-03-19 1966-03-21 Rotatable tubular structure embodying a large reserve section and heat exchanger andfurnace embodying same

Country Status (13)

Country Link
US (1) US3385581A (xx)
AT (1) AT274640B (xx)
BE (1) BE678078A (xx)
CH (1) CH517928A (xx)
DE (1) DE1291757C2 (xx)
ES (1) ES324368A1 (xx)
FR (1) FR1436820A (xx)
GB (1) GB1146017A (xx)
LU (1) LU50698A1 (xx)
NL (1) NL6603548A (xx)
NO (1) NO117697B (xx)
OA (1) OA01926A (xx)
SE (1) SE302661B (xx)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080264615A1 (en) * 2005-02-10 2008-10-30 Saint-Gobain Vetrotex France Device for Extracting Heat from Gas and for Recovering Condensates

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2108158B1 (xx) * 1970-09-09 1973-11-23 Commissariat Energie Atomique
NL7908379A (nl) * 1979-11-16 1981-06-16 Heesen T J Inrichting voor het met behulp van lucht of gas behandelen van korrelvormig materiaal.
FR2540229A1 (fr) * 1983-01-31 1984-08-03 Franco Europ Mat Ind Ali Dispositif pour traiter un flux de produits solides au moyen d'un flux de liquide, notamment pour refroidir des legumes
DE4300011C2 (de) * 1993-01-02 1999-02-25 Helmut Dipl Ing Dorst Gegenstrom-Direkt-Wärmetauscher als Vorwärm- oder/und Kühlsystem

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US414556A (en) * 1889-11-05 Rotary puddling-furnace
US727540A (en) * 1901-08-10 1903-05-05 William Harvey Roasting or drying apparatus.
US3201100A (en) * 1961-10-02 1965-08-17 Ciments Du Nord Heat exchange structure for a rotary kiln

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US414556A (en) * 1889-11-05 Rotary puddling-furnace
US727540A (en) * 1901-08-10 1903-05-05 William Harvey Roasting or drying apparatus.
US3201100A (en) * 1961-10-02 1965-08-17 Ciments Du Nord Heat exchange structure for a rotary kiln

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080264615A1 (en) * 2005-02-10 2008-10-30 Saint-Gobain Vetrotex France Device for Extracting Heat from Gas and for Recovering Condensates
US8033327B2 (en) * 2005-02-10 2011-10-11 Saint-Gobain Technical Fabrics Europe Device for extracting heat from gas and for recovering condensates

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH517928A (fr) 1972-01-15
DE1291757C2 (de) 1974-05-30
NL6603548A (xx) 1966-09-20
AT274640B (de) 1969-09-25
SE302661B (xx) 1968-07-29
FR1436820A (fr) 1966-04-29
BE678078A (xx) 1966-09-19
NO117697B (xx) 1969-09-15
LU50698A1 (xx) 1966-09-19
OA01926A (fr) 1970-02-04
DE1291757B (de) 1969-04-03
ES324368A1 (es) 1967-03-16
GB1146017A (en) 1969-03-19

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