US3383874A - Cryostat - Google Patents

Cryostat Download PDF

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Publication number
US3383874A
US3383874A US56526666A US3383874A US 3383874 A US3383874 A US 3383874A US 56526666 A US56526666 A US 56526666A US 3383874 A US3383874 A US 3383874A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
jacket
container
cryostat
casing
space
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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English (en)
Inventor
Royet Jean
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alcatel Lucent SAS
Original Assignee
Compagnie Generale dElectricite SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
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Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3383874A publication Critical patent/US3383874A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/08—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by vacuum spaces, e.g. Dewar flask
    • F17C3/085—Cryostats
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/10—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by liquid-circulating or vapour-circulating jackets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F6/00—Superconducting magnets; Superconducting coils
    • H01F6/04—Cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0109—Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
    • F17C2203/0629—Two walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/05—Applications for industrial use
    • F17C2270/0509—"Dewar" vessels

Definitions

  • This invention relates to cryostats including an inner container arranged Within a casing with a heat screen being provided in the space between the lateral walls of the casing and container and with an insulating material filling the space between the casing and the heat screen.
  • the heat screen comprises a double-walled jacket made of a high thermal conductivity material which defines an annular space for circulating a cryogenic fluid.
  • the bottom part of the jacket is connected to the top of the container through a plurality of pipes, the upper part of the jacket being connected to a discharge pipe for the cryogenic fluid.
  • the present invention relates principally to a novel cryostat for cryogenic fluids at very low temperatures (liquid hydrogen, or liquid helium).
  • the cryostats of the prior art comprise generally a container surrounded with a jacket filled with an auxiliary refrigerant or guard liquid and arranged within an evac uated vessel which may or may not be filled with an insulating material.
  • the guard-liquid is generally liquid nitrogen
  • the refrigerant liquid proper is liquid helium poured from the top of the container, the escaping vapours being collected also at the top of said container.
  • cryostats wherein the vapours emitted by the refrigerant liquid are collected at the top of the container and discharged to the atmosphere after circulating in a helical tube surrounding the container and attached to a heat screen thereby cooled all over its height. This dispenses from using a guard liquid and also reduces the consumption of the refrigerant liquid proper.
  • the primary object of the invention is to provide a cryostat comprising an inner container arranged within a casing, a heat screen located in the space between the casing and the container, and an insulation filling the space between the casing and the heat screen.
  • FIGURE 1 is a broken-away side elevation and partial section of a cryostat according to the invention.
  • FIGURE 2 is a section according to line 22 of FIGURE 1.
  • FIGURE 3 is a broken-away side elevation and partial section of a variant of the cryostat according to the invention.
  • FIGURE 4 is a section according to line 4--4 of FIGURE 3.
  • FIGURE 5 is an enlarged section of the connection arrangement of the discharge pipe of the jacket making up the heat screen.
  • FIGURES 6 and 7 are enlarged sections of details of the cryostat of FIGURE 3 respectively along lines 66 and 77 of FIGURE 4.
  • FIGURE 8 is an enlarged section along line 8-8 of FIGURE 3.
  • FIGURE 9 is a section along line 99 of FIGURE
  • FIGURE 10 is a view of details according to arrow F of FIGURE 6-.
  • the cryostat shown as a merely illustrating example in FIGURE 1 comprises an outer casing 10 resting on a conventional support 12.
  • the cryostat is open at its top and closed by a lid 14, resting on a flange 16 making up the upper rim of the cryostat.
  • the lid 14 is attached by means of U-shaped clamps 18, an O-ring joint ensuring leak-tightness between the lid and the flange 16.
  • a container or vessel 26 is arranged within the casing 10; on its top is arranged an outer flange 24, on the outer edge of which is attached a cylindrical section 22, which itself is attached at its top to the underside of the flange 16.
  • the flange 24 thus makes up a step and is provided with a plurality of holes (six in the example shown here); in which are fitted tubes 28 arranged in a circle around the vessel or container 26.
  • the bottom parts of the tubes 28 are fitted into blank holes provided in an annular part 30 surrounding the vessel 26 near its bottom but which are not in contact with said vessel.
  • the outer edge of the annular part as is welded to the lower edge of a double-walled jacket 52, the inside of which communicates with the inside of the tubes 28 by means of drillings 34 provided for in the part 30 which supports the jacket 32.
  • the jacket 32 which surrounds the container 26 and the cylindrical section 22 runs up close to the underside of the flange 16.
  • the two walls of the jacket 32 join up at their top so as to close up the inner space between them.
  • the jacket 32 is provided, also at its top, with a discharge pipe 36 which passes through the casing 19 at 38.
  • a gauze, sheet, wire netting or preferably a membrane made of aluminium or any other high heat condutivity material 31 is laid within the jacket 32 on its full height.
  • the annular part 30 on which the jacket 32 and the tubes 28 are resting is also used for fitting an auxiliary bottom part 40 prolonging said jacket substantially at a constant distance from the wall of the casing 10.
  • a partition 42 defines in the auxiliary bottom part a space 44 which is isolated from the container 26 and which contains an absorbent. Openings or slots 46 are provided in the partition 42 as well as in the auxiliary bottom wall 40.
  • the auxiliary bottom 40 is provided with another opening 47 closed by a plug 48.
  • the bottom of the casing 10 is also provided with an opening fitted with a nozzle 56 closed by a check-valve 58 covered with a cap 66'.
  • a tube 62 emerging from the base of the container 26, runs up between the jacket 32 and the casing 10 and reaches the upper part of the cryostat where it leaves it so as to be connected to a supply by any conventional means 64.
  • an insulating material which may, for instance, be a snperinsulation cladding onto the jacket, is provided.
  • the casing 10 as well as the container 26 and the cylindrical part 22 are provided with horizontal annular beads 66, which reinforce them and prevent their being deformed as a result of pressure gradients.
  • each of the walls of the jacket 32 is provided also with horizontal wrinkles 68 protruding towards the inside of said jacket so that their tops make up a constriction facilitating in particular the holding in place of the aluminium membrane 31.
  • the casing 10 of the cryostat is, in the example shown herein, made up of two parts made integral by means of flanges 70 held together by means of U-shaped clamps 72, obviously to facilitate the assembling and disassembling operations.
  • the cryostat which has been described hereabove operates as follows:
  • An adsorbent of any usual type is placed within the space 44, the plug 48 is placed into position, and the opening 56 provided for at the base of the casing 10 is connected to vacuum equipment, which enables the positioning of the check-valve 58.
  • the check-valve 58 is applied on its seat by the atmospheric pressure and the cap 60 may be placed.
  • the apparatus is then ready to operate.
  • a liquid refrigerant such as helium, for instance, is fed at the base of the container 26 via the tube 62.
  • the refrigerant partially evaporates, and the vapours emerging at the top of the vessel or container 26 pass through the tubes 28, the openings 34 of the annular support and the jacket 32.
  • the aluminium membrane provided for within the jacket 32 enables to achieve a uniform temperature distribution over the full surface of the jacket, while the adsorbent provided for in the space 44 enables to hold an acceptable vacuum for a very long time.
  • the jacket 32 is made up of two concentric cylindrical walls defining an annular space for the flow of vapours escaping from the tank.
  • said jacket is obtained by applying the process known as Roll bond.
  • the jacket is made up of two thin plates, of aluminium for instance, welded together in places by hot rolling and thereafter inflated by injecting a compressed gas between said plates, which results in a permanent deformation of the latter in their non-welded areas.
  • cryostat shown in FIGURES 3 to 10 is in its principle identical to that of FIGURES 1 and 2, only, different assembling provisions have been made, which are nevertheless of great interest, as they enable to disassemble the apparatus entirely and to have access to all its parts without any difiiculty.
  • the cryostat of FIGURE 3 has an outer casing mounted on a support 102.
  • the casing 100 has an outer brim on which rests the brim 106 of a container 108 housed Within the casing 100. Both brims 104 and 106 are held together by means of bolts or screws 110, a sealing gasket being provided between said brims. A cover 114 rests on the brim 106 of the inner container 108 and is attached thereon by means of bolts 116, a sealing gasket being provided between them.
  • the container 108 is made up of two parts assembled together by a ring on which they are welded. Drillings are provided in the edge of the ring .120 surrounding the container and serve for fitting vertical tubes 122 arranged concentrically around the container 108, said drillings emerging in an annular groove 123 provided in the bore of said ring and thus enabling the tubes 122 to communicate with the inside of the container 108.
  • the tubes 122 are fitted in openings provided for in a ring 124 surrounding the bottom of the container 108, with suificient clearance to prevent any contact between said ring and the container.
  • the ring 124 rests on an annular part 126 on which it is attached by means of screws 128, sealing gaskets 1130 being provided for (FIGURES 6 and 7).
  • the base of a double-walled jacket 132 is attached to the outer part of the annular part 126, the inside of the jacket 1'32 communicating with the tubes 122 by means of channels or pipes 134 provided for within the annular part 126 (FIGURE 7).
  • the walls of the jacket 132 join up at their tops, the jacket comprising at its upper part a discharge 136 con nected by means of a flange and screw assembly to the collar 138 of a demountable connection arrangement 139, of a type known of the prior art, screwed up on the casing 10 (FIGURE 5).
  • the annular part 126 on which the jacket 132 and the tubes 122 rest has a lower skirt 140 making up a cylindrical section on which pins or screw heads 142 are arranged at regular intervals (FIGURES 6 and 10).
  • An auxiliary bottom part 144 prolongs the jacket 132 and is placed on this skirt 140.
  • the edge of the auxiliary bottom part 144 is provided with a plurality of vertical slots 146 as well as curved slots 147 arranged at regular intervals and into which the pins or screw heads 142 are engaged.
  • a metallic clamping ring 148 surrounds the top of the auxiliary bottom part 144 and holds it tight against the edge of the annular part 126.
  • the clamping ring 148 is provided with a clamping device made up of a bolt 150 fastening two lugs 152-154 provided at its ends (FIGURE 9).
  • the refrigerant is fed into the container 108 by means of a tube 156 which runs in the space 158 filled with an insulation and defined by the casing 100 and the container 1G8.
  • Said tube passes through the auxiliary bottom part 144 through a relatively large opening 160 and is connected to a coupling arrangement made up of two parts 162-164, one of which (164) is welded on the container 108 while the other (162) is made integral with the tube 156, the two parts -162-164 being so assembled that they can be dissociated, by means of a screw assembly 166 for instance (FIGURE 8).
  • the tube 156 is connected to a connecting arrangement 167 Which is also attached on the casing 100 in such a way as to be demountable (FIGURE 3).
  • the casing 100 itself is made up of two parts made integral by means of U-shaped clamps 168 holding together flanges 170-172 (FIGURE 3).
  • the U-sh'aped members 168 are first removed and the parts of the casing 100 are thus separated.
  • the container 108 and the various other parts of the cryostat thus remain integral with the upper part of the casing.
  • the insulation arranged in the space 158 between the casing 100 and the container 108 is removed, which enables to free the tube 156 from the insulation.
  • the two parts 162-164 of the coupling arrangement connecting the tube 156 to the container '108 are subsequently taken apart by unscrewing the screws 166 which make the two parts integral through the opening 160 provided for in the auxiliary bottom 144.
  • the auxiliary bottom may then be removed, once the clamping ring 148 has been released and the pins or screw heads 142 have come out of the corresponding curved slots 147.
  • the vapour discharge connecting arrangement 139 After taking off from the casing the vapour discharge connecting arrangement 139 and separated its inner collar 138 from the cylindrical part 136 attached to the jacket 132, the annular part 126 and the ring 124 can come apart by unscrewing the screws 128 which make them fast; the jacket 132 can then be loosened and removed by making it slide around the container 108.
  • a cryostat including an inner container arranged within a casing, a heat screen in the space between the lateral walls of said casing and said container and an insulating material filling the space only between said casing and said heat screen, said heat screen being a double-walled jacket made of a high thermal conductivity material, and defining an annular space -for circulating a cryogenic fluid, a bottom part of said jacket being connected to the top of said container through a plurality of circumferentially arranged pipes, the upper part of said jacket being connected to a discharge pipe for said cryogenie fluid.
  • a cryostat including an inner container arranged within a casing, a heat screen in the space between the lateral walls of said casing and said container and an insulating material filling the space between said casing and said heat screen, said heat screen being a doublewalled jacket, defining an annular space, for circulating a cryogenic fluid, a bottom part of said jacket being connected to the top of said container through a plurality of pipes, the upper part of said jacket being connected to a discharge pipe, said jacket being made of a high thermal conductivity material, the walls of said jacket being provided with substantially facing each other wrinkles, said wrinkles protruding inside said jacket so as to make up constrictions, said jacket being provided with means allowing a good axial repartition of cold.
  • a cryostat as claimed in claim 2 in which said means allowing a good axial repartition of cold include a sheet of a high thermal conductivity material placed in said annular space between the walls of said jacket.
  • a cryostat as claimed in claim 2 in which said means allowing a good axial repartition of cold include a fabric made of interlaced metallic wires of a high thermal conductivity metal, said fabric being inserted between the walls of said double-walled jacket.
  • a cryostat as claimed in claim 1 in which said jacket is made of two metallic sheets spaced apart and comprising partitions formed by local welding of said sheets and defining a plurality of communicating chambers.
  • a cryostat as claimed in claim 6 in which a refrigerant liquid supply pipe arranged within said insulating material emerges into said container near its bottom and runs through said casing near its top.
  • a cryostat as claimed in claim 1 in which said jacket is a substantially cylindrical annulus extended by a bottom provided with openings for communication with the free space between said bottom and said container, in which an adsorbent material is placed.
  • a cryostat as claimed in claim 8 in which a wall provided with apertures divides said free space into two chambers, said adsorbent material being arranged in the lower chamber, at a distance from said container, without any contact with the wall of the latter.
  • a cryostat as claimed in claim 11 in which the lower ends of said pipes are mounted in a ring resting on the protruding part of said annular part and attached to the latter by means of screws and sealing gaskets.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Containers, Films, And Cooling For Superconductive Devices (AREA)
US56526666 1965-07-28 1966-07-14 Cryostat Expired - Lifetime US3383874A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR26362A FR1456640A (fr) 1965-07-28 1965-07-28 Nouveau cryostat

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3383874A true US3383874A (en) 1968-05-21

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US56526666 Expired - Lifetime US3383874A (en) 1965-07-28 1966-07-14 Cryostat

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US3383874A (zh)
BE (1) BE684409A (zh)
DE (1) DE1501236A1 (zh)
FR (1) FR1456640A (zh)
GB (1) GB1122868A (zh)
LU (1) LU51638A1 (zh)
NL (1) NL6610688A (zh)
SE (1) SE320993B (zh)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102013103714B4 (de) * 2013-04-12 2016-08-04 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Einrichtung und verfahren zum bereitstellen eines wärmekontaktes von einem gasspeicher auf einen kühlkörper
WO2022161155A1 (zh) * 2021-01-29 2022-08-04 上海兴邺材料科技有限公司 罐

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109612193B (zh) * 2013-04-24 2021-04-02 西门子医疗有限公司 包括两级低温制冷机及相关联的安装装置的组件
DE102017222452A1 (de) * 2017-12-12 2019-06-13 Robert Bosch Gmbh Behälter

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3122004A (en) * 1961-03-27 1964-02-25 Union Carbide Corp Apparatus for cryogenic refrigeration
US3174300A (en) * 1960-04-27 1965-03-23 Environment Inc Personnel isolation and protection systems
GB1000882A (en) * 1962-05-31 1965-08-11 Union Carbide Corp Improved heat insulation construction
US3274788A (en) * 1965-06-14 1966-09-27 Little Inc A Cryogenic liquid storage vessel
US3304728A (en) * 1963-09-16 1967-02-21 Cryogenic Eng Co Gas cooled storage container

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3174300A (en) * 1960-04-27 1965-03-23 Environment Inc Personnel isolation and protection systems
US3122004A (en) * 1961-03-27 1964-02-25 Union Carbide Corp Apparatus for cryogenic refrigeration
GB1000882A (en) * 1962-05-31 1965-08-11 Union Carbide Corp Improved heat insulation construction
US3304728A (en) * 1963-09-16 1967-02-21 Cryogenic Eng Co Gas cooled storage container
US3274788A (en) * 1965-06-14 1966-09-27 Little Inc A Cryogenic liquid storage vessel

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102013103714B4 (de) * 2013-04-12 2016-08-04 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Einrichtung und verfahren zum bereitstellen eines wärmekontaktes von einem gasspeicher auf einen kühlkörper
WO2022161155A1 (zh) * 2021-01-29 2022-08-04 上海兴邺材料科技有限公司 罐

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1456640A (fr) 1966-07-08
LU51638A1 (zh) 1968-03-14
GB1122868A (en) 1968-08-07
NL6610688A (zh) 1967-01-30
DE1501236A1 (de) 1969-10-30
BE684409A (zh) 1967-01-20
SE320993B (zh) 1970-02-23

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