US3383321A - Detergent tablets - Google Patents

Detergent tablets Download PDF

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Publication number
US3383321A
US3383321A US438376A US43837665A US3383321A US 3383321 A US3383321 A US 3383321A US 438376 A US438376 A US 438376A US 43837665 A US43837665 A US 43837665A US 3383321 A US3383321 A US 3383321A
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Prior art keywords
tablet
stp
water
detergent
granules
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US438376A
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Inventor
Robert P Davis
Frank J Mueller
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Procter and Gamble Co
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Procter and Gamble Co
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Priority to CA795287A priority Critical patent/CA795287A/en
Application filed by Procter and Gamble Co filed Critical Procter and Gamble Co
Priority to US438376A priority patent/US3383321A/en
Priority to NL6602055A priority patent/NL6602055A/xx
Priority to GB10351/66A priority patent/GB1080066A/en
Priority to US683484A priority patent/US3503889A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3383321A publication Critical patent/US3383321A/en
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
    • C11D3/12—Water-insoluble compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
    • C11D17/0047—Detergents in the form of bars or tablets
    • C11D17/0065—Solid detergents containing builders
    • C11D17/0073—Tablets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
    • C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
    • C11D3/06—Phosphates, including polyphosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
    • C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
    • C11D3/06—Phosphates, including polyphosphates
    • C11D3/062—Special methods concerning phosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
    • C11D3/12—Water-insoluble compounds
    • C11D3/1213—Oxides or hydroxides, e.g. Al2O3, TiO2, CaO or Ca(OH)2

Definitions

  • This invention relates to detergent compositions in tablet form. More particularly, it relates to detergent tablets which possess good strength and abrasion resistance and are capable of dissolving rapidly even under adverse washing conditions, i.e., in cool water and after standing in unagitated water prior to their use in an agitated system.
  • detergent compositions which are compressed into tablet form are well known and have received substantial commercial acceptance. They generally comprise a cleaning agent such as a synthetic detergent or soap and a detergency builder which is generally sodium tripolyphosphate, along with suds builders, soil suspending agents and other ingredients commonly added to cleaning compositions. They are easy to use, avoid the problem of spillage during use, and prevent the use of too much or too little detergent on the part of the consumer. While the use of high pressure tableting easily can make the tablet strong enough to resist breakage, and while the tablets can be made sufiiciently abrasion resistant by treating the surface of the tablet with water or certain coating materials, these processing operations tend to increase the time which is required to dissolve the tablet in water, particularly when cool water must be used. The use of water with temperatures of less than 130 F. is quite common in many parts of the world.
  • STP sodium tripolyphosphate 3,383,321 Patented May 14, 1968
  • the efiect of such an addition is to decrease the time which is required for the tablet to dissolve in water of any temperature.
  • higher tableting pressures can be used and stronger tablets can be made which have the same time of dissolution as previous tablets; or, an acceptable dissolving rate can be achieved in water of lower temperatures than has been previously possible using a tablet of ordinary strength.
  • the speed of dissolution of a tablet which has been allowed to stand in unagitated water for a short time prior to the beginning of agitation does not vary substantially from the speed of dissolution of a tablet which is added directly to agitated water. This avoids a serious problem which has plagued the prior art, since it is not unusual for prior art tablets which have been pro-soaked to take from 5 to 10 times as long to dissolve as one which is added directly to agitated water.
  • the speed of dissolving is increased.
  • the particle removal process allows the penetration of the water into the tablet to be sufliciently rapid to prevent the above-described supersaturated solutions of STP in water from existing at any point within the tablet for any undue period of time which, in turn, prevents the formation of the precipitated STP hexahydrate crystals as described above.
  • the eroding action of the water upon the tablet does not take place. However, the water does gradually penetrate into the tablet, thus creating a slowly moving wet-dry interface which surrounds the core of the tablet.
  • the low concentration of water at this relatively stationary interface allows the above-described supersaturation phenomenon to take place and a layer of STP hexahydrate crystals are precipitated out of the supersaturated solution. Under these circumstances, the hexahydrate crystals forms bridges between adjacent STP granules, thus creating a shell of interconnected STP granules and STP hexahydrate crys tals around a core of the tablet.
  • this shell offers substantial resistance to the eroding action of agitated water. Therefore, even if subsequently placed in an agitated system, the movement of the wet-dry interface into the tablet is quite slow and allows a continued formation of a supersaturated STP solution and a continued precipitation of the above-described bridge forming hexahydrate crystals, thus perpetuating the protective shell. It is not uncommon for a tablet with a normal dissolving time of about 60 seconds in an agitated system to have a dissolving time of 500 to 600 seconds when pre-soaked for a short time prior to its addition to the agitated system.
  • the preferred method of accomplishing this result is to treat anhydrous granular STP which is to be used to form detergent tablets with sufficient highly-particulate Water to hydrate to the hexahydrate state substantially all of the STP which forms the surface of such granules.
  • substantially all of the anhydrous STP granules are encapsulated with STP hexahydrate.
  • these granules are used to form detergent tablets there is relatively little free, exposed and unhydrated STP available to form a shell of interconnected STP granules and STP 'hexahydrate crystals.
  • the eroding action of agitated water upon the tablet after pre-soaking is about the same as if the tablet had been placed directly into an agitated system.
  • the water added to the anhydrous granular STP must be in highly particulate form and in an amount sufficient to accomplish substantial hydration of the particles forming the surface of each STP granule. Sufficient surface hydration is generally accomplished when at least 2 to 3 mole percent of the granular STP has been hydrated; however, in the preferred practice of this invention from about 6% to about 12% of the STP on a molar basis should be hydrated to the hexahydrate form. The amount hydrated should not exceed 15 mole percent. Employing a moisture content below 15 mole percent makes it easier to formulate an acceptable detergent composition and also makes the finished tablet lighter in weight which is both appealing to the consumer and less expensive for the manufacturer due to decreased shipping costs.
  • the unhydrated STP constitutes the bulk of the hydratable salts present in the tablet of this invention, it should not be hydrated to a greater extent than necessary.
  • hydration of STP is a highly exothermic reaction; therefore, the temperature of the material being processed is increased progressively with the degree of hydration.
  • sufiicient water is added to hydrate of the granular anhydrous STP, the temperature of the STP can be expected to rise in an amount of about 70 to about 75 F.
  • some sort of cooling would preferably be provided prior to tableting if such a degree of hydration were used.
  • the amount of granular STP hydrated should not exceed 15%.
  • the method of addition of the water to the STP granules for this surface hydration is not critical, so long as the Water is added in highly particulate form and intimate mixing of water and STP granules is accomplished. It is preferred to use an atomizer which sprays the water in highly particulate form onto a moving or agitated bed of anhydrous granular STP, or to pass the STP through a humidifying zone of sufficient size, preferably with agitation, to accomplish the required degree of hydration.
  • Calcium oxide is an effective agent for retardation of the undesirable wet-dry interface around the core of the tablet described above.
  • sizable increases in dissolving speed are obtained, particularly in the pre-soaked tablet discussed above.
  • the mechanism whereby undesirable hydration of the granular STP in the tablet is retarded, due to the presence of the calcium oxide, is not known. However, it is known that the calcium oxide must be reasonably well interspersed among the STP granules.
  • the calcium oxide particle size is preferably from about 4,11.
  • the calcium oxide can be mixed with the granular STP and detergent granules prior to tableting but, in the preferred operation, calcium oxide is vmixed with the granular STP prior to its admixture with the detergent granules. In this preferred method a majority of the calcium oxide particles remain admixed with the STP granules, the remainder being imbedded in the softer detergent granules.
  • the finished tablet It is necessary for successful operation of the present invention that the finished tablet have sufficient interparticle channeling to allow the water to penetrate into the tablet. This penetration serves to loosen the materials near the surface of the tablet, thus enabling the action of the water in an agitated system to more easily disperse and dissolve them. This penetration is also necessary to prevent a troublesome wet-dry interface within the tablet as described above. Therefore, the granules of synthetic detergent and STP which comprise the detergent tablet should be of sufiicient size to provide an interparticulate void volume of about 35% to about 60% of the total tablet volume. Such granules should not be so large, however, as to make it difiicult to obtain uniformity in the composition of the tablets, nor dilficult to process them. Therefore, the detergent and STP granules for use in this invention should be of such a size that substantially all will pass a standard 6 mesh screen (Tyler) and that at least about will stay on a standard mesh screen (Tyler).
  • any optional ingredients for use in this tablet should preferably be of a size comparable to the STP and detergent granules. If substantially different, they should not be used in such an amount as would prevent uniformity of product, or would either interfere with tablet processing or with the formation of the interparticulate channels of the tablet.
  • the detergent materials which can be used in the detergent granules in the tablets of the present invention are those of the anionic, nonionic, ampholytic or zwitterionic classes.
  • the detergent materials can be per se in the form of detergent granules, as described above, or blended with other tablet components such as builders, as described below, to form detergent granules.
  • At least 5% by weight of the tablet should be such a detergent material in order to provide a tablet of suitable size which has a sufficient concentration of detergent material for washing purposes. More than 30% by weight of detergent in the tablet will lead to an excessively sticky tablet and this in turn will lead to a deficiency of interparticulate voids, thereby preventing the water from diffusing through the tablet to dissolve said tablet.
  • Anionic synthetic detergents This class of synthetic detergents can be broadly described as the watersoluble salts, particularly the alkali metal salts, of organic sulfuric reaction products having in the molecular structure an alkyl radical containing from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms and a radical selected from the group consistin of sulfonic acid and sulfuric acid ester radicals.
  • the synthetic detergents which form a part of the preferred compositions of the present invention are the sodium or potassium alkyl sulfates, especially those obtained by sulfating the higher alcohols produced by reducing the glycerides of tallow or coconut oil; sodium or potassium alkyl benzene sulfonates, in which the alkyl group in a straight or branched chain contains from about 9 to about carbon atoms, and the types described in United States Patents Numbers 2,220,- 099 and 2,477,383; sodium alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonates, especially those ethers of the higher alcohols derived from tallow and coconut oil; sodium coconut oil fatty acid monoglyceride sulfates and sulfonates; sodium or potassium salts of sulfuric acid esters of the reaction product of one mole of a higher fatty alcohol (e.g., tallow or coconut oil alcohols) and about three moles of ethylene oxide; sodium or potassium salts
  • Nonionic synthetic detergents This class of synthetic detergents can be broadly defined as compounds produced by the condensation of alkylcne oxide groups (hydrophilic in nature) with an organic hydrophobic compound, which can be aliphatic or alkyl aromatic in nature. The length of the hydrophilic or polyoxyalkylene radical which is condensed with any particular hydrophobic group can be readily adjusted to yield a water-soluble compound having the desired degree of balance between hydrophilic and hydrophobic elements.
  • Pluronic a well known class of nonionic synthetic detergents is made available on the market under the trade name of Pluronic. These compounds are formed by condensing ethylene oxide with a hydrophobic base formed by the condensation of propylene oxide with propylene glycol.
  • the hydrophobic portion of the molecule which, of course, exhibits water insolubility has a molecular weight of from about 1500 to 1800.
  • the addition of polyoxyethylene radicals to this hydrophobic portion tends to increase the Water solubility of the molecule as a whole and the liquid character of the products is retained up to the point where polyoxethylene content is about 50% of the total weight of the condensation product.
  • nonionic synthetic detergents include:
  • the polyethylene oxide condensates of alkyl phenols, e.g., the condensation products of alkyl phenols having an alkyl group containing from about 6 to 12 carbon atoms in either a straight chain or branched chain configuration, with ethylene oxide, the said ethylene oxide being present in amounts equal to 10 to 25 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alkyl phenol.
  • the alkyl substituent in such compounds may be derived from polymerized propylene, diisobutylene, octane, or nonane, for example.
  • amine oxides corresponding to the following general formula, R1R2R3N+O, wherein R is an alkyl radical of from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, and R and R are each methyl or ethyl radicals.
  • the arrow in the formula is a conventional repre sentation of a semi-polar bond.
  • amine oxides suitable for use in this invention include dimethyldodecyl amine oxide, dimethyloctylamine oxide, dimethyldecylamine oxide, dimethyltetradecylamine oxide, dimethylhexadecylamine oxide.
  • phosphine oxides examples include: dodecyldimethylphosphine oxide, tetradecyldimethylphosphine oxide, tetradecylmethylethylphosphine oxide, cetyldimethylphosphine oxide, stearyldimethylphosphine oxide, cetylethylpropylphosphine oxide, dodecyldiethylphosphine oxide, tetradecyldiethylphosphine oxide, dodecyldipropylphosphine oxide, dodecyldi (hydroxymethyl) phosphine oxide, dodecyldi (Z-hydroxyethyl) phosphine oxide, tetradecylmethyl-2-hydroxypropyl phosphine oxide, oleyldimethylphosphine oxide, and 2-hydroxydodecyldimethylphosphine oxide.
  • Ampholytic synthetic detergents can be broadly described as derivatives of alkyl secondary and tertiary amines in which the alkyl radical can be straight chain or branched and wherein one of the alkyl substituents contains from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms and one contains an anionic water solubilizing group, e.g., carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, or phosphonate.
  • Examples of compounds falling within this definition are sodium 3- dodecylaminopropionate, sodium 3-dodecylaminopropane sulfonate, dodecyl-beta-alanine, N-alkyltaurines such as the one prepared by reacting dodecylamine with sodium isethionate according to the teaching of United States Patent Number 2,658,072, N-higher alkyl aspartic acids such as those produced according to the teaching of United States Patent Number 2,43 8,091, and the products sold under the trade name Miranol and described in United States Patent Number 2,528,378.
  • Zwitterionic synthetic detergents can be broadly described as derivatives of alkyl quaternary ammonium, phosphonium, and sulfonium compounds, in which the alkyl radical may be straight chain or branched, and wherein one of the alkyl substituents contains from about 8 to 18 carbon atoms and one contains an anionic water solubilizing group, e.g., carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, or phosphonate.
  • an anionic water solubilizing group e.g., carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, or phosphonate.
  • Examples of compounds falling within this definition are 3-(N,N-dimethyl-N-hexadecyL ammonio) propane-l-sulfonate and 3-(N,N-dimethyl-N- hexadecylammonio)-2-hydroxy propane-l-sulfonate which are especially preferred for their excellent cool water detergency characteristics.
  • the alkyl groups contained in said detergent surfactants can be straight or branched and saturated or unsaturated as desired.
  • the above list of detergent surfactants is exemplary and not limiting. Mixtures of the above detergent surfactants can be used.
  • the STP is used to provide detergency builder properties in the tablet. At least about 25 STP by weight of the tablet should be present to provide good builder action, but more than about 85% by weight of the tablet tends to make the tablet unduly brittle.
  • the ratio of STP to synthetic detergent should be from about 2:1 to about 9:1. A portion of the STP can be added in admixture with the synthetic detergent material and any optional ingredients employed in the form of spray-dried detergent granles. However, an acceptable rate of dissolution will not be achieved if the bulk of the STP is added in this form.
  • the tablet must be STP which is added in admixed, particulate granular form, hydrated as described above, to the composition which is to be tableted; i.e., the tablet should contain from about 20% to about 85 by weight of STP in particulate granular form, hydrated or mixed with calcium oxide as described above, and from to about 65% by weight of STP in addition to the STP in particulate, granular form which has been hydrated or mixed with calcium oxide, such that the total amount of STP is from about 25% to about 85 by weight of the tablet. All of the STP used in the tablet can be in such granular form if desired.
  • Granular STP is preferably from about 35% to about 60% by weight of the detergent tablet, with any balance of STP in the tablet formula preferably being admixed with the detergent material in the form of spray-dried detergent granules.
  • Soap if used, should be present in an amount not over about by weight of the tablet, and preferably not over about 5%.
  • Soaps acceptable for use in this invention are the ordinary alkali metal soaps such as the sodium and potassium salts of the higher fatty acids of naturally occurring plant or animal esters (e.g., palm oil, coconut oil, babassu oil, soybean oil, castor oil, tallow, whale and fish oils, grease and lard, and mixtures thereof) or of synthetically produced fatty acids (e.g., rosin and those resin acids in tall oil) and/ or of naphthenic acids.
  • Sodium and potassium soaps can be made by direct saponification of the fats and oils or by the neutralization of the free fatty acids which are prepared in a separate manufacturing process.
  • Builder salts in addition to the STP, are usually desirable in the tablets of this invention. Examples of those most commonly used are the alkali metal carbonates, orthophosphates, pyrophosphates and silicates. Likewise sequestrant builder salts can also be effectively used in conjunction with the STP.
  • sesquestrant builder salts are: (l) alkali metal amino-polycarboxylates such as sodium or potassium ethylene diamine tetra-acetates or nitrilotriacetates; (2) alkali metal salts of phytic acid; and (3) the water-soluble salts of ethane-l-hydroxy-l,l-diphosphonate, methylene or ethylene diphosphonate, particularly the triisodium and tripotassium salts.
  • alkali metal amino-polycarboxylates such as sodium or potassium ethylene diamine tetra-acetates or nitrilotriacetates
  • alkali metal salts of phytic acid alkali metal salts of phytic acid
  • water-soluble salts of ethane-l-hydroxy-l,l-diphosphonate, methylene or ethylene diphosphonate, particularly the triisodium and tripotassium salts particularly the triisodium and tripotassium salts
  • These additional builders or sesquestrant builders, or mixtures thereof, can be present up to about 20% by weight of the tablet.
  • the detergent tablets of this invention can also contain any of the minor additives commonly used with detergent compositions. These include: bleaching agents, such as water-soluble perborates or persulfates; suds builders, such as fatty acid amides or ethanolamides wherein the fatty acid radical contains from about 8 to about 20 car bon atoms; suds depressers, such as fatty acids or their soaps; soil suspending agents, such as carboxymethyl cellulose; inorganic salts, such as sodium or potassium sulfates or chlorides; and optical brighteners, dyes, and perfumes.
  • the inorganic salts can be present in an amount of up to about 20% by weight of the tablet.
  • the remaining minor ingredients can be present up to a total of about 10% by weight of the tablet.
  • the tablets of this invent-ion can be prepared by the usual processes of the detergent tableting art.
  • the optional ingredients, if any, can be added independently with the other components prior to tableting or, preferably, incorporated with the synthetic detergent in the form of spray-dried detergent granules.
  • the components are blended in any conventional manner which achieves a reasonably uniform mixture.
  • the anhydrous sodium tripolyphosphate granules either encapsulated with sodium tripolyphosphate hexahydrate or intimately intermixed with calcium oxide, are substantially uniformly distributed throughout the tablet.
  • the mixture is then pressed into the desired shape by means of a tableting press, preferably one which uses rotating dies and a pressure of from about to about 350 to 450 p.s.i.g.
  • a tableting press preferably one which uses rotating dies and a pressure of from about to about 350 to 450 p.s.i.g.
  • the tablets can then be treated, if desired, with water or other substance designed to increase the strength and abrasion resistance of the tablet surface.
  • Example I A series of detergent tablets were prepared which varied only in the degree of percent of hydration of the granular STP which was contained in the tablets. To prepare these tablets, spray-dried detergent granules of the following composition were made, expressed in parts by weight:
  • Sample tablets were prepared for several different prehydration levels. All tablets were pressed with rotating dies at 200 p.s.i.g. and allowed to age for in excess of 16 hours at 7080 F. Then they were used in the following tests.
  • Example HI Two sets of detergent tablets were prepared as described in Example I, except that the added granular STP used in the preparation of these samples was substantially anhyi drous in order to avoid any influence of prehydrated STP upon the various tablet properties.
  • the sets of samples were identical in content except that 0.2% calcium oxide, based on the weight of the added STP, was added in highly particulate form (about 6,u to 8 1. average) to one of the two sets prior to mixing and tableting, These examples were then used in the same tests as described in Example I. The results are tabulated below.
  • alkyl sul- (8) condensates of C to C alkylphenols and polyethylene oxide, having from to moles ethylene oxide per mole of alkylphenol;
  • a detergent tablet having solubility properties such that it is capable of dissolving during a normal laundering process without sacrificing cleaning power, said tablet retaining its desirable solubility properties when the tablet is allowed to stand in unagitated water prior to beginning the laundering process, said detergent tablet consisting essentially of (A) from about 5% to about by weight of a water soluble synthetic detergent selected from the group consisting of:
  • (l) anionic synthetic detergents having in their molecular structure an alkyl radical containing from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms and a radical selected from the group consisting of suifonic acid and sulfuric acid ester radicals;
  • nonionic synthetic detergents which are condensation products of alltylene oxide with hydrophobic organic compounds
  • R R R N O long chain tertiary amine oxides of the formula R R R N O wherein R is an alkyl radical of from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, and R and R are each methyl or ethyl radicals;
  • Rt 'R'R" -O long chain tertiary phosphine oxides of the formula Rt 'R'R" -O, wherein R is an alkyl, alkenyl or monohydroxyalkyl radical ranging from 10 to 18 carbon atoms in chain length, and R and R" are each alkyl or monohydroxyalkyl groups containing from 1 to 3 carbon atoms;
  • dialkyl sulfoxides of the formula RSOCH wherein R is an alkyl group containing from about 10 to about 20 carbon atoms;
  • ampholytic synthetic detergents which are derivatives of alkyl secondary and tertiary amines in which the alkyl radical can be straight chain or branched and wherein one of the alkyl substituents contains from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms and one contains an anionic water solubilizing group;
  • zwitterionic synthetic detergents which are derivatives of alkyl quaternary ammonium, phosphonium, and sulfonium compounds, in which one alkyl substituent contains from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms and one contains an anionic water solubilizing group;
  • (C) from about 25% to about by weight of a sodium tripolyphosphate detergency builder in the form of anhydrous sodium tripolyphosphate [or a mixture of hydrated sodium tripolyphosphate, and anhydrous sodium tripolyphosphate],
  • hydration retarding agent uniformly distributed throughout the detergent tablet, which is responsible for the tablet having the desired solubility properties, said hydration retarding agent consisting of from about 0.1% to about 0.5% calcium oxide by weight of the anhydrous sodium tripolyphosphate detergency builder,
  • the synthetic detergent and the sodium tripolyphosphate detergency builder used in preparing said tablet are of a particle size such that substantially all will pass a standard 6 mesh screen (Tyler) and at least about will remain on a standard mesh screen (Tyler).
  • the detergent tablet of claim 1 wherein the synthetic detergent is sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate, having an alkyl chain with from about 9 to about 15 carbon atoms.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
US438376A 1965-03-09 1965-03-09 Detergent tablets Expired - Lifetime US3383321A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA795287A CA795287A (en) 1965-03-09 Detergent tablets
US438376A US3383321A (en) 1965-03-09 1965-03-09 Detergent tablets
NL6602055A NL6602055A (en, 2012) 1965-03-09 1966-02-17
GB10351/66A GB1080066A (en) 1965-03-09 1966-03-09 Detergent tablets
US683484A US3503889A (en) 1965-03-09 1967-11-16 Detergent tablets

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US438376A US3383321A (en) 1965-03-09 1965-03-09 Detergent tablets
NL6602055A NL6602055A (en, 2012) 1965-03-09 1966-02-17
US68348467A 1967-11-16 1967-11-16

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4253842A (en) * 1974-05-15 1981-03-03 Colgate-Palmolive Company Detergent compositions and washing methods including and utilizing separate tablets of components
US4370250A (en) * 1976-12-06 1983-01-25 Colgate-Palmolive Company Detergent tablet
US4451386A (en) * 1976-12-06 1984-05-29 Colgate-Palmolive Company Detergent tablet
US4454054A (en) * 1981-07-23 1984-06-12 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Sodium tripolyphosphate, process for making it, and its use
US5232620A (en) * 1991-02-28 1993-08-03 Fmc Corporation Sodium tripolyphosphate composition and method of producing it
US5552079A (en) * 1993-09-13 1996-09-03 Diversey Corporation Tableted detergent, method of manufacture and use
DE19937428A1 (de) * 1999-08-07 2001-02-08 Henkel Kgaa Reinigungs- und Waschmittelformkörper
US6472362B1 (en) * 1997-10-22 2002-10-29 Unilever Home & Personal Care Usa Division Of Conopco, Inc. Detergent compositions in tablet form
US6645931B1 (en) * 1999-06-15 2003-11-11 Kao Corporation Solid-shaped detergent

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NL7815064A (nl) * 1977-11-29 1980-05-30 Procter & Gamble Wasmiddeltablet met een bekleding van gehydrateerd zout en werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van dit tablet.
GB9015504D0 (en) * 1990-07-13 1990-08-29 Unilever Plc Detergents composition
GB9015503D0 (en) * 1990-07-13 1990-08-29 Unilever Plc Detergent composition
GB9422925D0 (en) * 1994-11-14 1995-01-04 Unilever Plc Detergent compositions
GB9422924D0 (en) * 1994-11-14 1995-01-04 Unilever Plc Detergent compositions
GB9706083D0 (en) * 1997-03-24 1997-05-14 Unilever Plc Detergent compositions
GB9802390D0 (en) 1998-02-04 1998-04-01 Unilever Plc Detergent compositions
CA2318067A1 (en) * 1998-02-10 1999-08-19 Unilever Plc Tablet detergent compositions
EP1466965A1 (en) * 2003-02-11 2004-10-13 Unilever N.V. Cleaning compositions

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US3081267A (en) * 1959-12-31 1963-03-12 Procter & Gamble Detergent tablet and process for making same
US3247122A (en) * 1962-07-30 1966-04-19 Colgate Palmolive Co Detergent tablet and process of preparing same

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US3247122A (en) * 1962-07-30 1966-04-19 Colgate Palmolive Co Detergent tablet and process of preparing same

Cited By (13)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4253842A (en) * 1974-05-15 1981-03-03 Colgate-Palmolive Company Detergent compositions and washing methods including and utilizing separate tablets of components
US4370250A (en) * 1976-12-06 1983-01-25 Colgate-Palmolive Company Detergent tablet
US4451386A (en) * 1976-12-06 1984-05-29 Colgate-Palmolive Company Detergent tablet
US4454054A (en) * 1981-07-23 1984-06-12 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Sodium tripolyphosphate, process for making it, and its use
EP0071021A3 (en) * 1981-07-23 1985-12-27 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Sodium triphosphate, process for its preparation and its use
US5232620A (en) * 1991-02-28 1993-08-03 Fmc Corporation Sodium tripolyphosphate composition and method of producing it
US5552079A (en) * 1993-09-13 1996-09-03 Diversey Corporation Tableted detergent, method of manufacture and use
US6472362B1 (en) * 1997-10-22 2002-10-29 Unilever Home & Personal Care Usa Division Of Conopco, Inc. Detergent compositions in tablet form
US20030069162A1 (en) * 1997-10-22 2003-04-10 Unilever Home & Personal Care Usa, Division Of Conopco, Inc. Detergent compositions
US6645931B1 (en) * 1999-06-15 2003-11-11 Kao Corporation Solid-shaped detergent
US20040127387A1 (en) * 1999-06-15 2004-07-01 Kao Corporation Solid-shaped detergent
US7067469B2 (en) 1999-06-15 2006-06-27 Kao Corporation Solid-shaped detergent
DE19937428A1 (de) * 1999-08-07 2001-02-08 Henkel Kgaa Reinigungs- und Waschmittelformkörper

Also Published As

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US3503889A (en) 1970-03-31
GB1080066A (en) 1967-08-23
NL6602055A (en, 2012) 1966-04-25
CA795287A (en) 1968-09-24

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