US3383236A - Continuous pharmaceutical film coating process - Google Patents
Continuous pharmaceutical film coating process Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3383236A US3383236A US360772A US36077264A US3383236A US 3383236 A US3383236 A US 3383236A US 360772 A US360772 A US 360772A US 36077264 A US36077264 A US 36077264A US 3383236 A US3383236 A US 3383236A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- coating
- tablets
- methyl cellulose
- continuous
- film
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 39
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title description 20
- 239000012232 pharmaceutical film coating Substances 0.000 title 1
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 63
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 35
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 30
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 27
- 238000009501 film coating Methods 0.000 description 20
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 20
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 20
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 20
- 239000007888 film coating Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 18
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000001866 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229920003088 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 235000010979 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(OC)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O3)O)C(CO)O2)O)C(CO)O1 UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 10
- FLKPEMZONWLCSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl phthalate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC FLKPEMZONWLCSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 5
- IZMJMCDDWKSTTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinoline yellow Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NC(C3C(C4=CC=CC=C4C3=O)=O)=CC=C21 IZMJMCDDWKSTTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 5
- KFYRPLNVJVHZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Amitriptyline hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C1CC2=CC=CC=C2C(=CCCN(C)C)C2=CC=CC=C21 KFYRPLNVJVHZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229960005119 amitriptyline hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004203 carnauba wax Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000013869 carnauba wax Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZLWLTDZLUVBSRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K chembl2360149 Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].O=C1C(N=NC=2C=CC(=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)=C(C(=O)[O-])NN1C1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 ZLWLTDZLUVBSRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009495 sugar coating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SHAYBENGXDALFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nortriptyline hydrochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C1CC2=CC=CC=C2C(=CCC[NH2+]C)C2=CC=CC=C21 SHAYBENGXDALFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CJCSPKMFHVPWAR-JTQLQIEISA-N alpha-methyl-L-dopa Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@](N)(C)CC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 CJCSPKMFHVPWAR-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- OIQPTROHQCGFEF-UHFFFAOYSA-L chembl1371409 Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OC1=CC=C2C=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=CC2=C1N=NC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 OIQPTROHQCGFEF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- CGIGDMFJXJATDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N indomethacin Chemical compound CC1=C(CC(O)=O)C2=CC(OC)=CC=C2N1C(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 CGIGDMFJXJATDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IXRNQIKIVWWFBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(1-phenylethenyl)acetamide Chemical compound CC(=O)NC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 IXRNQIKIVWWFBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009498 subcoating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JDSQBDGCMUXRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-butoxypropoxy)propoxy]propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCOC(C)COC(C)COC(C)CO JDSQBDGCMUXRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FRYYNPIESGDSLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[(3-carboxy-2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)methyl]-3-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxylic acid;3-(5,6-dihydrodibenzo[2,1-b:2',1'-f][7]annulen-11-ylidene)-n,n-dimethylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound C1CC2=CC=CC=C2C(=CCCN(C)C)C2=CC=CC=C21.C1=CC=C2C(CC=3C4=CC=CC=C4C=C(C=3O)C(=O)O)=C(O)C(C(O)=O)=CC2=C1 FRYYNPIESGDSLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SGHZXLIDFTYFHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Brilliant Blue Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].C=1C=C(C(=C2C=CC(C=C2)=[N+](CC)CC=2C=C(C=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)C=2C(=CC=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)C=CC=1N(CC)CC1=CC=CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)=C1 SGHZXLIDFTYFHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920000623 Cellulose acetate phthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- JZUFKLXOESDKRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorothiazide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC2=C1NCNS2(=O)=O JZUFKLXOESDKRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000010643 Leucaena leucocephala Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000007472 Leucaena leucocephala Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014443 Pyrus communis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001800 Shellac Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002494 Zein Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960001061 amitriptyline pamoate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940081734 cellulose acetate phthalate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920006184 cellulose methylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ONTQJDKFANPPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-L chembl3185981 Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].CC1=CC(C)=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1N=NC1=CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1O ONTQJDKFANPPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UXTMROKLAAOEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroform;ethanol Chemical compound CCO.ClC(Cl)Cl UXTMROKLAAOEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WORJEOGGNQDSOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroform;methanol Chemical compound OC.ClC(Cl)Cl WORJEOGGNQDSOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940099371 diacetylated monoglycerides Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BLEBFDYUDVZRFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloromethane;propan-2-ol Chemical compound ClCCl.CC(C)O BLEBFDYUDVZRFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960002568 ethinylestradiol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007941 film coated tablet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960002003 hydrochlorothiazide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002102 imipramine hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XZZXIYZZBJDEEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N imipramine hydrochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C1CC2=CC=CC=C2N(CCC[NH+](C)C)C2=CC=CC=C21 XZZXIYZZBJDEEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960000905 indomethacin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LZCOQTDXKCNBEE-IKIFYQGPSA-N methscopolamine Chemical compound C1([C@@H](CO)C(=O)O[C@H]2C[C@@H]3[N+]([C@H](C2)[C@@H]2[C@H]3O2)(C)C)=CC=CC=C1 LZCOQTDXKCNBEE-IKIFYQGPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRVDJDISBSALJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyloxidanyl Chemical group [O]C GRVDJDISBSALJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001383 methylscopolamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000762 perphenazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006187 pill Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940068196 placebo Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000902 placebo Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- UOVLOQNKWCYEQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-ol;tetrachloromethane Chemical compound CC(C)O.ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl UOVLOQNKWCYEQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012260 resinous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004208 shellac Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940113147 shellac Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013874 shellac Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZLGIYFNHBLSMPS-ATJNOEHPSA-N shellac Chemical compound OCCCCCC(O)C(O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O.C1C23[C@H](C(O)=O)CCC2[C@](C)(CO)[C@@H]1C(C(O)=O)=C[C@@H]3O ZLGIYFNHBLSMPS-ATJNOEHPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000935 solvent evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- UJMBCXLDXJUMFB-GLCFPVLVSA-K tartrazine Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=NN(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)C1\N=N\C1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 UJMBCXLDXJUMFB-GLCFPVLVSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000004149 tartrazine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000943 tartrazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000012756 tartrazine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UJMBCXLDXJUMFB-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium;5-oxo-1-(4-sulfonatophenyl)-4-[(4-sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl]-4h-pyrazole-3-carboxylate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=NN(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)C1N=NC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 UJMBCXLDXJUMFB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000005019 zein Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940093612 zein Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/13—Amines
- A61K31/14—Quaternary ammonium compounds, e.g. edrophonium, choline
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
- A61K9/28—Dragees; Coated pills or tablets, e.g. with film or compression coating
- A61K9/2806—Coating materials
- A61K9/2833—Organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K9/286—Polysaccharides, e.g. gums; Cyclodextrin
- A61K9/2866—Cellulose; Cellulose derivatives, e.g. hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
Definitions
- This invention relates to novel compositions and methods for the production of coated solid dosage units containing pharmaceutical ingredients.
- the coating of solid dosage units containing pharmaceutical compositions is well known.
- a water repellent resinous material such as zein, shellac, cellulose acetate phthalate, or fatty material, which forms a protective barrier against the moisture later applied.
- subcoating materials such as gelatin and acacia, which materials are dusted when wet with powders. This subcoating is required in the sugar process to round out the edges of the dosage unit prior to the application of a basically plain syrup which is deposited as a crystalline layer of sugar.
- the coated dosage unit is finally colored and polished. The process is time consuming, requiring from two to six days, and is also expensive.
- Thin film coatings have been described wherein a stop and go process of application of substances, such as the cellulose derivatives, the polyethylene glycols, the prolamines, and the acetylated monoglycerides, or mixtures and modifications of the above were applied.
- substances such as the cellulose derivatives, the polyethylene glycols, the prolamines, and the acetylated monoglycerides, or mixtures and modifications of the above were applied.
- Such applications have been variously described in (1) Drug Standards, p. 29, January-February 1958; (2) US. Patent No. 2,881,085; (3) Drug Cosmetic Inds. 75, p. 466; and (4) J. Amer. Pharm. Assoc, Sci. Ed. 43, 433 (1954), the disclosures thereof being incorporated herein by reference and made a part hereof.
- the lengthy process of the sugar coatings combined with the large build-up in tablet size suggests room for improvement.
- the film coating processes described in the literative are those wherein the film is applied in charges by pouring a solution of the film former onto a rolling bed of tablets. As the tablets rotate, the material is distributed over the surface, thereof, and there is a material transfer from tablet to tablet. In a few minutes time usually aided by the application of heat, the solvents evaporate leaving a random deposition of film on the tablets. The cycle is then repeated until the coating is judged to be satisfactory. This is what is known in the trade as a stop and go process. In the above process, some tablets are actually overwet by the film coating solution and a continuous homogeneous film is dependent upon the transfer of film from tablet to tablet, and therefore a film of uniform thickness and composition is difiicult to attain.
- a continuous non-toxic film coating may be produced on shaped cores containing pharmaceutical ingredients by the deposition thereon of a composition consisting essentially of a continuous film of a compound selected from the class consisting of methyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose.
- Methyl cellulose is essentially the dimethyl ether of cellulose, and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose constitutes methyl cellulose in which varying ratios of propylene glycol ether substiuttion to methoxyl substitution exist.
- the film forming composition is applied to the shape cores containing pharmaceutical ingredients by the process of this invention which comprises the steps of (l) establishing a rolling bed of shaped dosage units of a pharmaceutical ingredient, (2) continuously spraying said dosage units with a solution of a compound selected from the class consisting of methyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose in substantially equal amounts of ethanol and chloroform in an atomized state, (3) continuously evaporating said ethanol and chloroform from said sprayed dosage units at a rate such that said dosage units maintain a substantially dry appearance and wherein there is materially no transfer of film per se or of film forming solution from tablet to tablet, and (4) continuing the simultaneous rolling, spraying and evaporating, and controlling the relative spray rate and evaporation in such a manner as to prevent transfer from tablet to tablet until a continuous film of the desired thickness and quality has been established on the dosage unit.
- composition of the present invention it is possible to use a conventional pear shaped rotating coating pan and to spray it on the tumbling tablets.
- best results are obtained if one uses the specifically designed rotating coating pan and its associated equipment which are described in my patent application Ser. No.
- the coating process being novel in its concept and new in its application is an integral part of the invention.
- this novel process it becomes necessary to achieve a fairly high degree of turbulence in the tablet mass and it is a requisite that each tablet pass beneath the spray in several positions.
- the film is transferred from tablet to tablet so agitation need not be as severe.
- the upper limit of turbulence is that which causes abrasion and breakage of the tablet.
- the weight of the tablet bed upon the coating aids in molding the film into a smooth continuous coating, but is not a requisite in all cases and other methods of imparting movement to the tablets could be used.
- the pressure of the spray is sufficient to noticeably indent a portion of the agitated tablet mass, an action which significantly contributes to the mixing of the tablets since it involves a change of direction in a portion of the mass.
- the preferred method of obtaining the requisite turbulence is the rolling of the tablets in a coating pan equipped with an air supply and exhaust.
- the most important factors contributing to the process are the particle size of the suspended particles and spray droplet and the impact velocity. These are controlled by regulating the orifice sizes of both the air and fluid nozzles, the pressure on the atomized material which flows through the fluid orifice, and the pressure of the atomizing air if such is used. They are also controlled by regulating the viscosity and solids content of the coating composition, the number of nozzles, the spray distance, the size and shape of the spray pattern, the direction of the spray in relation to the travel of the tablets, and the spray angle. The number of nozzles does not vary directly as the weight of the pan load.
- the average drop diameter is 18 microns for the process recommended which produces the type of coating desired. However, if a small change in drop diameter is desired, the following equation (Kirk-Othmer, Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology) can be used as a guide toward adjusting flow ratios and the physical properties of the spray solution:
- the drying rate can be controlled by regulating the temperature and volume of the drying air and by regulating the rate, direction, and volume of the exhaust air.
- the air can be directed to flow through or over the bed in any direction by diverse mechanical means.
- the particle size of the suspended particles and the viscosity of the coating composition are rigidly controlled.
- EXAMPLE 1 60.75 liters of anhydrous ethanol (SD3A) were placed into a stainless steel container equipped with a high speed air-driven agitator. While stirring, 2.673 kilograms of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, N.F., 50 cps., were added slowly to avoid clumping. Then there was added in order, 0.668 kilogram of diethyl phthalate and 60.75 liters of chloroform U.S.P., the contents then being mixed until the hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose was dissolved.
- SD3A anhydrous ethanol
- Coating procedure 40.5 kilograms of compressed cores containing 0.25 gm. l-a-methyldopa each were placed in a 42 inch stainless steel coating pan equipped with an air blower and exhaust system. The exhaust was turned on and drying air was directed toward the bottom of the tablet bed and adjusted to a temperature of approximately 190 F. The pan was then rotated at approximately 19 rpm, which caused the cores to take on a uniformly tumbling motion.
- a manifold of 4 No. 2050 fluid nozzles (Spray Systems) equipped with a No. air nozzle and cleanout assembly was arranged to continuously coat the full area of the pan occupied by the cores. The previously prepared suspension was contained in a reservoir located ten inches above the manifold and fed by siphon to the nozzles.
- EXAMPLE 2 75.25 liters of anhydrous ethanol (SD3A) were placed into a stainless steel container equipped with a high speed stainless steel, air-driven agitator. While stirring, 3.311 kilograms of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, N.F., 50 cps., were added to avoid clumping. Then there was added in order, 0.828 kilogram of diethyl phthalate and 75.25 liters of chloroform, U.S.P., the contents then being mixed until the hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose was dissolved.
- SD3A anhydrous ethanol
- Film Coating Suspension A was contained in a reservoir located ten inches above the manifold and fed by siphon to the nozzles. 25.00 liters of Film Coating Suspension A were sprayed from the nozzles using an atomizing air pressure of 46 p.s.i. pressure. They spray was directed at an angle to the face of the pan impinging to the left and in the opposite direction to the tablet flow. The average distance between the spray nozzles and the pan load was in the range of from about 7 to about 8 inches. The suspension flow rate was in the range of from about 0.225 to about 0.250 kilogram per minute, and the pan load was maintained at a temperature in the range of from about 28 C. to about 33 C. with the exhaust damper completely open.
- EXAMPLE 3 20.0 liters of the following film coating suspension, prepared essentially in the manner of Example 1, were sprayed onto approximately 33.0 kilograms of compressed cores containing 50 mg. indomethacin in the manner of Example 1.
- the resulting tablets had an opaque continuous film coating formed thereon, which coating took a high polish when tumbled in carnauba wax.
- diethyl phthalate in the film coating composition of this invention is to provide the properties of a plasticizer, but such an ingredient is not critical to the effectiveness of the hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose without a plasticizer.
- talc in the spraying solution is preferred for the reason that it prevents undue sticking of the cores to each other during the coating process.
- non-toxic coloring agents disclosed in the above examples are only exemplary of the use of such coloring agents in the coating composition, and any compatible non-toxic coloring agent may be used effectively.
- EXAMPLE 4 Coating solution: Amount Methyl cellulose, 25 c.p.s gm 4 Alcohol SD3A, anhydrous ml 100 Chloroform ml 100 FDC Yellow No. 3 gm 0.01
- EXAMPLE 7 Coating solution: Amount Methyl cellulose, 25 c.p.s "gm-.. 6 Water ml 15 Dioxane ml 285 An intermittent spray with continuous application of hot drying air was successfully used to coat the tablets.
- EXAMPLE l0 Coating solution Amount Methyl cellulose, 25 c.p.s gm 8 Alcohol, anhydrous ml 100 Chloroform ml 100 DC Yellow No. 11 gm 0.01
- EXAMPLE 11 Coating solution: Amount Methyl cellulose, 15 c.p.s gm 10 Alcohol, anhydrous ml 100 Chloroform ml 100 Iron oxide brown gm 1 A continuous spray formed by 5 lbs. pressure on the coating solution was used with continuous application of hot drying air to successfully coat the tablets.
- EXAMPLE 12 Coating solution: Amount Methyl cellulose, 25 c.p.s gm 4 Chloroform ml 100 Alcohol, anhydrous ml 100 TiO gm 0.5
- EXAMPLE 13 Coating solution: Amount Methyl cellulose, 25 c.p.s gm 4 Alcohol, anhydrous ml 100 Chloroform ml 100 gHL... -5 FDC Yellow No. 5 gm 0.05
- EXAMPLE 14 A 5,000 gram batch of 130 mg. tablets containing as an active ingredient amitriptyline hydrochloride, 25 mg., was successfully coated by spraying continuously with intermittent application of hot drying air the following solution:
- EXAMPLE 17 Using the procedure and solution described in Example 14, a 5,000 gram batch of 130 mg. tablets containing as an active ingredient nor-amitriptyline hydrochloride, 25 mg., was successfully coated.
- EXAMPLE 18 A 1,650 gm. batch of 130 mg. tablets containing as an active ingredient nor-amitriptyline hydrochloride, 10 mg, was successfully coated using the procedure described in Example 14 with the following solution:
- a process for forming a continuous nontoxic film coating on a plurality of shaped pharmateutical ingredient containing cores the steps which comprise (1) establishing a continuous tumbling movement of said cores, (2) continuously spraying said moving cores with an atomized solution of a compound selected from the class consisting of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and methyl cellulose in a solvent mixture selected from the group consisting of ethanol-chloroform, methylene chloride-isopropanol, toluene-alcohol, carbon tetrachloride-isopropanol, and methanol-chloroform, the spraying solution being applied at a rate of 0.225 to 0.250 kg./min.
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Priority Applications (11)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US360772A US3383236A (en) | 1964-04-17 | 1964-04-17 | Continuous pharmaceutical film coating process |
IL22778A IL22778A (en) | 1964-04-17 | 1965-01-14 | Film-coated pharmaceutical compositions |
BR166503/65A BR6566503D0 (pt) | 1964-04-17 | 1965-01-26 | Processo para a formacao de um revestimento de pelicula |
DE19651492029 DE1492029A1 (de) | 1964-04-17 | 1965-01-28 | Dragierverfahren |
GB5354/65A GB1059508A (en) | 1964-04-17 | 1965-02-08 | Coating tablets |
NL6502190A NL6502190A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1964-04-17 | 1965-02-22 | |
FR7501A FR1455065A (fr) | 1964-04-17 | 1965-03-01 | Procédé d'enrobage et compositions de pellicule d'enrobage |
BE661581D BE661581A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1964-04-17 | 1965-03-24 | |
NO157671A NO117494B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1964-04-17 | 1965-04-13 | |
SE04965/65A SE352531B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1964-04-17 | 1965-04-14 | |
ES0312253A ES312253A1 (es) | 1964-04-17 | 1965-04-15 | Procedimiento para formar un recubrimiento en forma de pelicula,para unidades de dosis farmaceuticas. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US360772A US3383236A (en) | 1964-04-17 | 1964-04-17 | Continuous pharmaceutical film coating process |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3383236A true US3383236A (en) | 1968-05-14 |
Family
ID=23419346
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US360772A Expired - Lifetime US3383236A (en) | 1964-04-17 | 1964-04-17 | Continuous pharmaceutical film coating process |
Country Status (11)
Cited By (29)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3486951A (en) * | 1967-06-16 | 1969-12-30 | Corning Glass Works | Method of manufacturing semiconductor devices |
US3524756A (en) * | 1967-05-29 | 1970-08-18 | Colorcon | Process of coating tablets with alternate tacky and non-tacky layers |
US3539380A (en) * | 1968-01-08 | 1970-11-10 | Upjohn Co | Methylcellulose and polyalkylene glycol coating of solid medicinal dosage forms |
US3900583A (en) * | 1971-08-10 | 1975-08-19 | American Home Prod | Contoured belt coating method |
US3919436A (en) * | 1971-09-27 | 1975-11-11 | Eisai Co Ltd | Process for preparation of coated medicines |
US4001390A (en) * | 1974-04-04 | 1977-01-04 | Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. | Method of coating pharmaceutical solid dosage forms |
US4140756A (en) * | 1976-06-10 | 1979-02-20 | Mead Johnson & Company | Film-coated matrix core tablet |
US4302440A (en) * | 1980-07-31 | 1981-11-24 | Sterling Drug Inc. | Easily-swallowed, powder-free and gastric-disintegrable aspirin tablet thinly-coated with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and aqueous spray-coating preparation thereof |
US4421738A (en) * | 1979-07-31 | 1983-12-20 | Eisai Co., Ltd. | Sugar-coated tablet containing fat-soluble pharmaceutical material |
US4508702A (en) * | 1982-06-14 | 1985-04-02 | Key Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Sustained release aspirin |
US4555399A (en) * | 1983-11-18 | 1985-11-26 | Key Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Aspirin tablet |
US4795032A (en) * | 1987-12-04 | 1989-01-03 | S. C. Johnson & Son, Inc. | Wash-added, rinse-activated fabric conditioner and package |
US4897270A (en) * | 1985-09-30 | 1990-01-30 | Glaxo Group Limited | Pharmaceutical compositions |
US4970008A (en) * | 1988-12-20 | 1990-11-13 | Kandathil Thomas V | Fabric conditioner comprising a mixture of quaternary ammonium compounds and select tertiary amines |
US5122385A (en) * | 1989-07-31 | 1992-06-16 | Miles Inc. | Method for producing a shine coating by aqueous spraying and flash drying |
US6733780B1 (en) | 1999-10-19 | 2004-05-11 | Genzyme Corporation | Direct compression polymer tablet core |
US20050260236A1 (en) * | 1999-10-19 | 2005-11-24 | Geltex Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Direct compression polymer tablet core |
US20060177415A1 (en) * | 2004-11-01 | 2006-08-10 | Burke Steven K | Once a day formulation for phosphate binders |
US20060251614A1 (en) * | 2004-11-01 | 2006-11-09 | Genzyme Corporation | Aliphatic amine polymer salts for tableting |
US20090047233A1 (en) * | 2005-09-02 | 2009-02-19 | Genzyme Corporation | Method for removing Phosphate and Polymer Used Therefore |
US20100093857A1 (en) * | 2006-12-14 | 2010-04-15 | Genzyme Corporation | Amido-amine polymer compositions |
US20100124542A1 (en) * | 2006-07-18 | 2010-05-20 | Genzyme Corporation | Amine dendrimers |
US20100129309A1 (en) * | 2007-02-23 | 2010-05-27 | Dhal Pradeep K | Amine polymer compositions |
US20100166696A1 (en) * | 2007-04-27 | 2010-07-01 | Dhal Pradeep K | Amido-amine dendrimer compositions |
US20100196305A1 (en) * | 2007-03-08 | 2010-08-05 | Dhal Pradeep K | Sulfone polymer compositions |
US20100254935A1 (en) * | 2006-05-05 | 2010-10-07 | Genzyme Corporation | Amine condensation polymers as phosphate sequestrants |
US20100316589A1 (en) * | 2007-12-14 | 2010-12-16 | Hitesh Bhagat | Coated Pharmaceutical Compositions |
US8425887B2 (en) | 2006-09-29 | 2013-04-23 | Genzyme Corporation | Amide dendrimer compositions |
US9585911B2 (en) | 2005-09-15 | 2017-03-07 | Genzyme Corporation | Sachet formulation for amine polymers |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4173626A (en) | 1978-12-11 | 1979-11-06 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Sustained release indomethacin |
DE3236192A1 (de) | 1982-09-30 | 1984-04-05 | Dr. Karl Thomae Gmbh, 7950 Biberach | Gesteuertes und geregeltes verfahren zum vollautomatischen, kontinuierlichen dragieren |
CA2349700A1 (en) | 1998-11-12 | 2000-05-18 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Therapeutic polymorphs of a gaba-a alpha-5 inverse agonist and pamoate formulations of the same |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA652743A (en) * | 1962-11-20 | Charles E. Frosst And Co. | Film coating for tablets | |
US3112220A (en) * | 1960-02-26 | 1963-11-26 | Abbott Lab | Method and apparatus for coating particles |
US3141792A (en) * | 1961-09-10 | 1964-07-21 | Ciba Geigy Corp | Automatic tablet coating apparatus |
US3256111A (en) * | 1964-12-04 | 1966-06-14 | Abbott Lab | Method for coating tablets |
-
1964
- 1964-04-17 US US360772A patent/US3383236A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1965
- 1965-01-14 IL IL22778A patent/IL22778A/xx unknown
- 1965-01-26 BR BR166503/65A patent/BR6566503D0/pt unknown
- 1965-01-28 DE DE19651492029 patent/DE1492029A1/de active Pending
- 1965-02-08 GB GB5354/65A patent/GB1059508A/en not_active Expired
- 1965-02-22 NL NL6502190A patent/NL6502190A/xx unknown
- 1965-03-01 FR FR7501A patent/FR1455065A/fr not_active Expired
- 1965-03-24 BE BE661581D patent/BE661581A/xx unknown
- 1965-04-13 NO NO157671A patent/NO117494B/no unknown
- 1965-04-14 SE SE04965/65A patent/SE352531B/xx unknown
- 1965-04-15 ES ES0312253A patent/ES312253A1/es not_active Expired
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA652743A (en) * | 1962-11-20 | Charles E. Frosst And Co. | Film coating for tablets | |
US3112220A (en) * | 1960-02-26 | 1963-11-26 | Abbott Lab | Method and apparatus for coating particles |
US3141792A (en) * | 1961-09-10 | 1964-07-21 | Ciba Geigy Corp | Automatic tablet coating apparatus |
US3256111A (en) * | 1964-12-04 | 1966-06-14 | Abbott Lab | Method for coating tablets |
Cited By (40)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3524756A (en) * | 1967-05-29 | 1970-08-18 | Colorcon | Process of coating tablets with alternate tacky and non-tacky layers |
US3486951A (en) * | 1967-06-16 | 1969-12-30 | Corning Glass Works | Method of manufacturing semiconductor devices |
US3539380A (en) * | 1968-01-08 | 1970-11-10 | Upjohn Co | Methylcellulose and polyalkylene glycol coating of solid medicinal dosage forms |
US3900583A (en) * | 1971-08-10 | 1975-08-19 | American Home Prod | Contoured belt coating method |
US3919436A (en) * | 1971-09-27 | 1975-11-11 | Eisai Co Ltd | Process for preparation of coated medicines |
US4001390A (en) * | 1974-04-04 | 1977-01-04 | Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. | Method of coating pharmaceutical solid dosage forms |
US4140756A (en) * | 1976-06-10 | 1979-02-20 | Mead Johnson & Company | Film-coated matrix core tablet |
US4421738A (en) * | 1979-07-31 | 1983-12-20 | Eisai Co., Ltd. | Sugar-coated tablet containing fat-soluble pharmaceutical material |
US4302440A (en) * | 1980-07-31 | 1981-11-24 | Sterling Drug Inc. | Easily-swallowed, powder-free and gastric-disintegrable aspirin tablet thinly-coated with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and aqueous spray-coating preparation thereof |
US4508702A (en) * | 1982-06-14 | 1985-04-02 | Key Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Sustained release aspirin |
US4555399A (en) * | 1983-11-18 | 1985-11-26 | Key Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Aspirin tablet |
US4897270A (en) * | 1985-09-30 | 1990-01-30 | Glaxo Group Limited | Pharmaceutical compositions |
US4795032A (en) * | 1987-12-04 | 1989-01-03 | S. C. Johnson & Son, Inc. | Wash-added, rinse-activated fabric conditioner and package |
US4970008A (en) * | 1988-12-20 | 1990-11-13 | Kandathil Thomas V | Fabric conditioner comprising a mixture of quaternary ammonium compounds and select tertiary amines |
US5122385A (en) * | 1989-07-31 | 1992-06-16 | Miles Inc. | Method for producing a shine coating by aqueous spraying and flash drying |
US6733780B1 (en) | 1999-10-19 | 2004-05-11 | Genzyme Corporation | Direct compression polymer tablet core |
US20050260236A1 (en) * | 1999-10-19 | 2005-11-24 | Geltex Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Direct compression polymer tablet core |
US9931358B2 (en) | 1999-10-19 | 2018-04-03 | Genzyme Corporation | Direct compression polymer tablet core |
US9579343B2 (en) | 1999-10-19 | 2017-02-28 | Genzyme Corporation | Direct compression polymer tablet core |
US8808738B2 (en) | 2004-11-01 | 2014-08-19 | Genzyme Corporation | Aliphatic amine polymer salts for tableting |
US7985418B2 (en) | 2004-11-01 | 2011-07-26 | Genzyme Corporation | Aliphatic amine polymer salts for tableting |
US20060177415A1 (en) * | 2004-11-01 | 2006-08-10 | Burke Steven K | Once a day formulation for phosphate binders |
US9895315B2 (en) | 2004-11-01 | 2018-02-20 | Genzyme Corporation | Aliphatic amine polymer salts for tableting |
US20060251614A1 (en) * | 2004-11-01 | 2006-11-09 | Genzyme Corporation | Aliphatic amine polymer salts for tableting |
US9555056B2 (en) | 2004-11-01 | 2017-01-31 | Genzyme Corporation | Aliphatic amine polymer salts for tableting |
US20090047233A1 (en) * | 2005-09-02 | 2009-02-19 | Genzyme Corporation | Method for removing Phosphate and Polymer Used Therefore |
US8986669B2 (en) | 2005-09-02 | 2015-03-24 | Genzyme Corporation | Method for removing phosphate and polymer used therefore |
US9585911B2 (en) | 2005-09-15 | 2017-03-07 | Genzyme Corporation | Sachet formulation for amine polymers |
US20100254935A1 (en) * | 2006-05-05 | 2010-10-07 | Genzyme Corporation | Amine condensation polymers as phosphate sequestrants |
US20100124542A1 (en) * | 2006-07-18 | 2010-05-20 | Genzyme Corporation | Amine dendrimers |
US8900560B2 (en) | 2006-09-29 | 2014-12-02 | Genzyme Corporation | Amide dendrimer compositions |
US9066972B2 (en) | 2006-09-29 | 2015-06-30 | Genzyme Corporation | Amide dendrimer compositions |
US8425887B2 (en) | 2006-09-29 | 2013-04-23 | Genzyme Corporation | Amide dendrimer compositions |
US8889738B2 (en) | 2006-12-14 | 2014-11-18 | Genzyme Corporation | Amido-amine polymer compositions |
US20100093857A1 (en) * | 2006-12-14 | 2010-04-15 | Genzyme Corporation | Amido-amine polymer compositions |
US8163799B2 (en) | 2006-12-14 | 2012-04-24 | Genzyme Corporation | Amido-amine polymer compositions |
US20100129309A1 (en) * | 2007-02-23 | 2010-05-27 | Dhal Pradeep K | Amine polymer compositions |
US20100196305A1 (en) * | 2007-03-08 | 2010-08-05 | Dhal Pradeep K | Sulfone polymer compositions |
US20100166696A1 (en) * | 2007-04-27 | 2010-07-01 | Dhal Pradeep K | Amido-amine dendrimer compositions |
US20100316589A1 (en) * | 2007-12-14 | 2010-12-16 | Hitesh Bhagat | Coated Pharmaceutical Compositions |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BR6566503D0 (pt) | 1973-07-17 |
ES312253A1 (es) | 1966-02-16 |
GB1059508A (en) | 1967-02-22 |
FR1455065A (fr) | 1966-10-14 |
NO117494B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1969-08-18 |
SE352531B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1973-01-08 |
BE661581A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1965-09-24 |
IL22778A (en) | 1968-08-22 |
NL6502190A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1965-10-18 |
DE1492029A1 (de) | 1969-02-20 |
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