US3383049A - Means of combating atmospheric pollution and a corresponding burner - Google Patents

Means of combating atmospheric pollution and a corresponding burner Download PDF

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Publication number
US3383049A
US3383049A US585926A US58592666A US3383049A US 3383049 A US3383049 A US 3383049A US 585926 A US585926 A US 585926A US 58592666 A US58592666 A US 58592666A US 3383049 A US3383049 A US 3383049A
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United States
Prior art keywords
water
fuel
shaft
combustion
burner
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Expired - Lifetime
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US585926A
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English (en)
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Robert E Guerin
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
    • B01D53/52—Hydrogen sulfide
    • B01D53/523—Mixtures of hydrogen sulfide and sulfur oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/10—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour
    • F23D11/16—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour in which an emulsion of water and fuel is sprayed

Definitions

  • the purpose of the present invention is to eliminate this disadvantage; it also provides considerable advantages which will be explained hereinafter.
  • the method of the invention uses water in the liquid state in variable proportions according to requirements, in order to produce in situ (in the nose of the burner) a multiple emulsion made up of three or more fluids, namely hydrocarbon, Water (pure or with additives) and air (or another gas, possibly with additives).
  • a multiple emulsion made up of three or more fluids, namely hydrocarbon, Water (pure or with additives) and air (or another gas, possibly with additives).
  • the emulsion according to the invention may be made up of:
  • the soluble salts may also be selected to change the physical properties of the flame (temperature, volume, radiation factors or heat exchange); or water containing in solution a diiferent hydrocarbon, such as alcohol, or a different pure liquid acting as a combustion supporter;
  • air or a combustion supporting or carburetant gas whether or not it carries solid particles which are used either to modify the flame or to combat the harmful effect of the H 80 in the residual gases, for example metal oxide powders.
  • FIG. 1 is an axial section through the burner according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is an end elevation of the burner with the nose removed and FIG. 3 shows a partial detail in a section taken along the line IIIIII in FIG. 2.
  • a shaft 3 is displaced within bore 2 of the body; the shaft has both rotary and translatory movement imparted to it by the controlled rotation of a threaded portion 4 moving within a tapping 5 in the body 1.
  • Rotation may be controlled manually (wheel 6) or automatically; in the latter case the wheel 6 being replaced by a lever controlled by a servo-motor, the servo-motor acting according to whether the working of the installation is controlled automatically or semi automatically.
  • a sealed relationship between the shaft 3 and the body 1 is ensured by conventional means; for example, a threaded stopper 7 is screwed into the body 1 and exerts pressure on a packing 8 which is gripped between the stopper 7, the body 1 and a seat 9. The purpose of this. arrangement is to stop any liquid or gas from escaping between the shaft 3, which is movable, and the body 1 which is stationary.
  • the shaft 3 has an adjusting bushing 11 provided to seal the fuel (or hydrocarbon) inlet when the burner is stopped and to create a drop in pressure or a controllable conduit together with the fuel inlet passage 12, according to the application.
  • the fuel (or fluid) passes into the gap 13' between the body 1 and the shaft 3, which is freed for the purpose, and flows through distributing slots 14 into the emulsion chamber 15 provided between the body 1 and the nose 16 of the burner; the distributing slots 14 are initially longitudinal (FIG. 1) and then radial (FIG. 2).
  • the air or atomizing gas arrives through a connection fixed onto the tapped hole 20 and passes through the two holes 21 into a distributing chamber 22 at a constant pressure equal to that of the other fluids. It is introduced into the emulsifying chamber 15 by passing through a plurality of tangential slots 23 which impart to it a rotary movement perpendicular to the fuel distributing slots 14.
  • the slots 23 are hollowed out of the body 1 and the gas is channelled by virtue of the fact that the nose 16 bears on the flat end face of the body 1.
  • the grooves 25 enable an auxiliary fluid to be used and to be atomized by the gas on the front surface of the grooves 23; the grooves 25 are fed by an internal distributor 30 supplied through the orifice 31.
  • the distributor 30 is fixed to the body 1; it is provided with screw threading 32 and receives the nose 16, which is screwed onto it.
  • the nose 16 contains a port 34 which houses the needle 35 of the shaft 3. Rotation of the shaft determines the displacement of the needle towards the front or the rear of the burner body 1; since the nose of the burner is stationary, the area over which the emulsified mixture passes varies according to the output required; the three or more fluid-s making up the mixture are subject to a single action and a single control, and the needle 35 can totally seal the port 34 and stop the mixture from flowing out.
  • the liquid and gaseous components are treated together and subjected to a vibrat-ory action, possibly ultrasonic; ejection takes place in the free area between the needle 35 and the nose 16 with a rotary movement of the droplets; the droplets together form a projection cone made up of intimately bonded carburetant and comburant, with or without other substances.
  • the invention has been found to provide the following advantageszl With the assembly according to the invention it is possible to obtain flames about 30 times greater in volume than those obtained by other known means, and at the same time to neutralize the harmful action of the H 50 and reduce the percentage of S polluting the atmosphere.
  • the temperature obtained in the reaction medium is very uniform and may be varied according to the mixture.
  • the method of the invention makes it possible to gasify the carbon in the fuel or hydrocarbons and also to obtain combustible gaseous hydrides which can be recovered for use remote from the place of production, e.g. in gas generators.
  • the resultant combustion leaves no deposit of unburnt carbon and thus no soot; it makes it possible to introduce into the flame, with very uniform distribution, substances which will fix the H 80 formed by combustion of the sulphur in the fuels in order to combat pollution.
  • the active oxygen produced by dissociation of water oxidizes the sulphur more quickly and produces S0 almost exclusively instead of letting a quantity of S0 escape into the atmosphere; only traces of S0 are present, in the case of bad adjustment or when the atmosphere is deliberately made very oxidizing (for example in order to fire bricks).
  • This method of burning the fuel allows for complete combustion of the liquid hydrocarbons with very low percent surpluses; in some cases combustion may even be made and kept completely neutral, that is to say, for example:
  • the method of the invention permits the complete gasification of a mixture in combustion containing one third by weight of fuel and two thirds of liquid water, as a result of uniform changes throughout the flame; physical and chemical conditions of the reaction medium completely change the phenomena of chemisorption and absorption on which the oxidation of the carbon depends.
  • the very fine fuel droplet is subjected in the first phase to a rise in temperature which vaporizes the light elements, makes them combust and heats the heavy elements, bringing them to bet-ween 1500 and 2400 C. according to the surplus of combustion air and produces cracking to re-libera-te light elements.
  • the process then starts again, but since the carbon is moving at fairly high speed within the flame it moves away from the hottest point and, as cracking temperature is no longer reached, this carbon is oxidized less quickly and is then not oxidized at all. It becomes red hot and radiant, liberating the heat energy which it transports, then becomes black to form the solid residues invisible to the naked eye, escapes in the residual gases and under certain physical conditions partly agglomerates and deposits in the form of soot.
  • the hydrocarbon is, as in the last case, chemically atomized by air into fine droplets as in known methods, but it has been previously emulsified with water and air or gas.
  • Each droplet contains the combustible hydrocarbon surrounding a gas bubble, the whole being surrounded with water; the emulsion may be oil in water or water in oil, according to the percentage of water in the mixture.
  • Each droplet represents a reaction medium containing a carburetant, oil, a supporter of combustion and air, uniformly distributed in the presence of water.
  • the rise in temperature causes the gas to dilate and the thickness of the layer of oil to decrease, thereby enlarging the area of contact between the carburetant and the supporter of combustion and accelerating the combustion of the volatile elements.
  • the rise in temperature simultaneously causes the heavy elements in each droplet to crack at about 1600, liberating active carbon, and the dissociation of water produces active oxygen 0 and active nascent hydrogen also distributed throughout the reaction medium, which contains about twice as much hydrogen by this method as by other present day processes.
  • the phenomena of chemisorption and adsorption are accelerated and the chain of free radicals formed is different: carbon elements combine in larger quantities with hydrogen to form combustible gases which are oxidized to release energy.
  • a burner comprising a body, a distributor secured to the body, a nose adjustably mounted on the distributor and a shaft movably mounted in the body for adjustment therein, said body being provided with a fuel inlet passage, means on the shaft movable therewith and facing said inlet passage for controlling flow of fuel through said inlet passage in accordance with the position of the shaft in the body, said shaft having grooves for passage of fuel therethrough after passage by said means, said body, nose and shaft defining an emulsifying chamber into which said grooves open, the body having a liquid inlet orifice, said distributor having a channel in communication with said liquid inlet orifice and slots leading from said channel to said chamber, said body having an air inlet orifice and a passageway for air from said inlet to said slots to produce an atomized mixture of air and liquid which is supplied to said chamber and is emulsified with the fuel supplied thereto, said shaft including a terminal adjusting needle, said nose being provided with an orifice receiving said terminal adjusting needle for regulating the flow of
  • a burner according to claim 1 wherein said means on the shaft for controlling flow of fuel through said passage comprises a bushing on the shaft.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Spray-Type Burners (AREA)
  • Air Supply (AREA)
US585926A 1965-10-11 1966-10-11 Means of combating atmospheric pollution and a corresponding burner Expired - Lifetime US3383049A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR34500A FR1462312A (fr) 1965-10-11 1965-10-11 Procédé de gazéification totale du carbone des combustibles liquides, moyens nouveaux de lutte contre la pollution atmosphérique, et brûleur correspondant

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3383049A true US3383049A (en) 1968-05-14

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US585926A Expired - Lifetime US3383049A (en) 1965-10-11 1966-10-11 Means of combating atmospheric pollution and a corresponding burner

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US3383049A (en, 2012)
BE (1) BE687506A (en, 2012)
DE (1) DE1545443C3 (en, 2012)
ES (1) ES332193A1 (en, 2012)
FR (1) FR1462312A (en, 2012)
GB (1) GB1122874A (en, 2012)
NL (1) NL142487B (en, 2012)
SE (1) SE348545B (en, 2012)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3765609A (en) * 1971-06-01 1973-10-16 Elf Union Emulsion burner
US3834623A (en) * 1972-08-02 1974-09-10 Ici Ltd Spraying substances
US3837784A (en) * 1972-05-16 1974-09-24 Elf Union Method for operating modulated burners actuated by an emulsion
US3951581A (en) * 1972-06-22 1976-04-20 Mitsui Shipbuilding & Engineering Co., Ltd. Combustion method of paint waste disposal
US4175706A (en) * 1977-07-18 1979-11-27 Scientific Energy Systems Corporation Spray nozzle
US4235210A (en) * 1977-05-04 1980-11-25 Toyota Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Fuel supply apparatus for internal combustion engines
DE3114958A1 (de) * 1981-04-13 1982-11-04 Beru-Werk Albert Ruprecht Gmbh & Co Kg, 7140 Ludwigsburg Vorrichtung und verfahren zur zuendung von kohlenwasserstoffen
US4941617A (en) * 1988-12-14 1990-07-17 United Technologies Corporation Airblast fuel nozzle
US6371387B1 (en) * 1997-03-13 2002-04-16 Siemens Automotive Corporation Air assist metering apparatus and method
US20100269934A1 (en) * 2004-06-02 2010-10-28 Fuel Management, Inc. Air:fluid distribution system and method
EP2495051A4 (en) * 2009-10-30 2015-12-09 Lead Industry Company Ltd GAS-LIQUID MIXTURE NOZZLE, AND EMULSION FUEL COMBUSTION SYSTEM AND SYSTEM FOR SPRAYING ENVIRONMENTAL PURIFICATION MATERIAL USING THE SAME

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1536372A (fr) 1967-07-04 1968-08-27 Union Generale De Distrib De P Appareillage à brûleur gazéifiant une émulsion pulvérisée de combustible liquide
US4084934A (en) * 1972-02-05 1978-04-18 Mitsubishi Precision Co., Ltd. Combustion apparatus
DE2230071C2 (de) * 1972-06-20 1985-07-25 Convair Investments, Ltd., Nassau Vorrichtung zum Emulgieren von flüssigem Brennstoff und Wasser sowie zum Zerstäuben unter Anwendung von Ultraschallschwingungen
JPS59225207A (ja) * 1983-06-02 1984-12-18 Akio Tanaka 燃焼方法及び装置
RU2134840C1 (ru) * 1998-03-12 1999-08-20 Военный инженерно-технический университет Способ подготовки и подачи водотопливной эмульсии в топку котла и устройство для его осуществления

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US903736A (en) * 1907-08-15 1908-11-10 Alva D Lee Oil-burner.
US1934837A (en) * 1931-08-11 1933-11-14 Swinney Brothers Ltd Liquid fuel burner or atomizer
US2539314A (en) * 1944-10-28 1951-01-23 Monarch Mfg Works Inc Nozzle

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US903736A (en) * 1907-08-15 1908-11-10 Alva D Lee Oil-burner.
US1934837A (en) * 1931-08-11 1933-11-14 Swinney Brothers Ltd Liquid fuel burner or atomizer
US2539314A (en) * 1944-10-28 1951-01-23 Monarch Mfg Works Inc Nozzle

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3765609A (en) * 1971-06-01 1973-10-16 Elf Union Emulsion burner
US3837784A (en) * 1972-05-16 1974-09-24 Elf Union Method for operating modulated burners actuated by an emulsion
US3951581A (en) * 1972-06-22 1976-04-20 Mitsui Shipbuilding & Engineering Co., Ltd. Combustion method of paint waste disposal
US3834623A (en) * 1972-08-02 1974-09-10 Ici Ltd Spraying substances
US4235210A (en) * 1977-05-04 1980-11-25 Toyota Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Fuel supply apparatus for internal combustion engines
US4175706A (en) * 1977-07-18 1979-11-27 Scientific Energy Systems Corporation Spray nozzle
DE3114958A1 (de) * 1981-04-13 1982-11-04 Beru-Werk Albert Ruprecht Gmbh & Co Kg, 7140 Ludwigsburg Vorrichtung und verfahren zur zuendung von kohlenwasserstoffen
US4941617A (en) * 1988-12-14 1990-07-17 United Technologies Corporation Airblast fuel nozzle
US6371387B1 (en) * 1997-03-13 2002-04-16 Siemens Automotive Corporation Air assist metering apparatus and method
US20100269934A1 (en) * 2004-06-02 2010-10-28 Fuel Management, Inc. Air:fluid distribution system and method
US8162237B2 (en) * 2004-06-02 2012-04-24 Fuel Management, Inc. Air:fluid distribution system and method
EP2495051A4 (en) * 2009-10-30 2015-12-09 Lead Industry Company Ltd GAS-LIQUID MIXTURE NOZZLE, AND EMULSION FUEL COMBUSTION SYSTEM AND SYSTEM FOR SPRAYING ENVIRONMENTAL PURIFICATION MATERIAL USING THE SAME

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1545443C3 (de) 1974-06-27
NL6614287A (en, 2012) 1967-04-12
GB1122874A (en) 1968-08-07
FR1462312A (fr) 1966-04-15
BE687506A (en, 2012) 1967-03-01
ES332193A1 (es) 1967-08-01
DE1545443B2 (de) 1973-11-29
NL142487B (nl) 1974-06-17
SE348545B (en, 2012) 1972-09-04
DE1545443A1 (de) 1970-01-29

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