US3374808A - Wire looper - Google Patents

Description

March 26, 1968 E. SCHROEDER WIRE LOOPER 3 Sheets-Sheet l Filed May 10, 1965 s. V. RR n QD A l... mm f J ms v m 5 M N 3 E i W W muy @f, ON@ 3 2 n..- .ia 1% /Q u 0 ID3 34 5 33 Cl March 26; 1968- Filed May lO, 1965 E. SCHROEDER WIRE LOOPER 3 Sheets-Sheet s.:

March 26 1968 E. scHRol-:DL-:R 3,374,808

WIRE LOOPER 5 Sheets-Sheet E filed may 1 0, 1965 Q Rwm ScHnasoER dl N United States Patent O 3,374,808 WIRE LOOPER Erwin Schroeder, Roselle, Ill., assignor, by mesne assignments, to Precision Scientific Company, Chicago, Ill., a corporation of Delaware Filed May 10, 1965, Ser. No. 454,455 11 Claims. (Cl. 140-102) ABSTRACT F THE DISCLOSURE 'Ihe present invention relates to means for forming a loop at the end of a length of wire for electrical or mechanical purposes.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a Wire looper which is particularly suited for forming a loop on the stripped end of a length of wire to be used in wiring a control panel or the like where the wire is to be secured to a screw or stud either alone or with other similarly terminated wires.

It is a more specific object to provide a wire looper which forms a precise, complete loop which is ironed at and which is therefore particularly suited to multiple stacking on a common treaded terminal.

It is another object to provide a looper which is extremely rapid and positive and well suited to production line use and which operates, more or less automatically, to produce a precise loop having a predetermined straight neck portion at right angles to the loop with little care or attention on the part of the operator and in which there is no risk of damaging the loop, for example, by forcible bottoming at the end of the operating stroke.

It is still another object of the invention to provide a wire looper which may be easily adjusted for loop diameter, wire size and neck length thereby to accommodate all wires, both solid and stranded in common electrical usage.

It is an object, notwithstanding the particular applicability of the device to electrical wires, to provide a looper which may be universally used toprovide a flat loop termination on any wire regardless of the intended usage or material of which it is made, a device which is simple, requiring, in its simplest embodiment, only a single moving part and having a long inherent life.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent upon reading the attached detailed description and upon reference to the drawings in which:

FIG. l is a perspective view of a wire looper constructed in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a fragmentary perspective showing the underside ofthe looping head used in FIG. 1;

FIG. 2a is a contour diagram defining the shape of the groove and cam surfaces on the looping head;

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FIG. 3 is a fragmentary longitudinal section taken along line 3 3 in FIG. l;

FIG. 4 is a horizontal section taken along the line 4-4 in FIG. l, showing the means for providing lateral offset;

FIG. 5a is a fragmentary section taken along the line Sa--Sa in FIG. 3.

FIG. 5b is a view similar to FIG. 5a showing the automatic alignment and lateral crowding of the wire as the pilot is inserted;

FIG. 5c shows the final movement of the wire into the loop recess;

FIG. 6a is a fragmentary plan view corresponding to FIG. 5a;

FIG. 6b is a fragmentary plan view corresponding to FIG. 5b;

FIG. 6c is a section taken along the line 6c-6c in FIG. 5c;

FIG. 6d is similar to FIG. 6c, showing the completion of the loop;

FIG. 6e shows the loop prior to removal from the receptacle;

FIG. 7 is a plan view of a turret receptacle for forming loops of various diameter and wire size;

FIG. 8 is an elevation corresponding to FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 shows a portable version of the present device;

FIG. l0 is an end view of the device shown in FIG. 9.

While the invention has been described in connection with certain preferred embodiments, it will be understood that we do not intend to be limited to the embodiments shown but intend to cover the various *alternative and equivalent constructions included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

Turning now to FIGURE 1, there is disclosed a wire looper 16 including a head 11 and arranged below it, a receptacle 12. The receptacle is mounted upon a base 13 which may, for example, be secured to the table of a drill press. The head 11 is secured in the chuck of the drill press which has been indicated, in phantom, at 14. In operation the wire indicated at 15 is positioned in the receptacle and the rotating head 11 is advanced downwardly, engaging the wire to form it into a loop. In the following paragraphs the features of construction which account for the advantages mentioned in the objects above will be spelled out in some detail. During the discussion it will be convenient to consider three portions of the stripped end of the wire, the tip portion 16 which is formed into the loop, the connecting neck portion 17 which is adjacent to it and the shoulder of the insulation 18.

Mounted axially within the head 11 is a pilot pin 20 preferably having a pointed tapering end 21, and having its shank 22 received in an axial bore 23. The pilot pin is secured in place by means of a set screw 24 or the like.

Prior to discussing the surface configuration of the forming head, more detailed consideration may be given to the receptacle 12. The receptacle is preferably formed of a bushing 30 having a top or supporting surface 31 and a central hole 32 which is just slightly larger than the pilot 20. At its lower end the bushing is necked down as indicated at 33 for press fitting in an opening 34 formed in a body 35 which may be of metal, plastic or other suitable material.

For the purpose of receiving and sizing the formed loop, the lip of the hole is surrounded by au annular recess 36, the cross sectional dimensions of which correspond approximately to the diameter of the wire.

In order to position the wire while the loop is being formed, and for producing well dened, straight neck portion 17 which is unaffected by the action of the forming head, a radial notch 37 is formed in-the outside facing wall of the bushing 30, in communication with the hole 32 and recess 36. Such notch is preferably just slightly greater, in width, than the diameter of the wire. When the neck portion 17 of the wire is received in the notch the projecting tip 16 projects at a slight upward angle overhanging the surface 31, thus insuring that the tip is in a position to be engaged by the forming head. For the purpose of predetermining the length of the tip acted upon, a stop 40 is provided in the form of an upstanding slightly arcuate barrier. The stop is bent at right angles to form a sliding base portion 41, which is clamped in the desired position by a set screw 42, a slot 43 providing the necessary endwise clearance. By trial and adjustment technique the stop 40 may be quickly set to provide a complete loop. As an alternative,l and where the stripping of the wire has been accurately carried out, the shoulder of the insulation on the wire may be used for stop purposes, thereby making the stop 40 unnecessary. Thus, the

' wire 15 may be lowered into the notch 37 and pushed forwardly with light pressure until the shoulder of the insulation 18 bottoms on the outwardly facing surface 44 of the bushing. This establishes a predetermined tip length.

i, ',In' accordance with the present invention, the forming tool 11 is provided with an end surface 50 having'a shoulder 51 which is spaced outwardly from'the pilot pin and which engages the projecting tip of the wire as it is simultaneously rotated and brought down against the receptacle. More'speciiically in accordance with the present invention, the endl surface on the forming head is formed with a groove which extends in a generally chordwise direction and which has tapering sides merging with a land which is adjacent the pilot pin. Thus, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 2a, a groove 53 is formed in the end face having a smoothly tapered leading edge wall 54 for guiding the tip of the wire into the groove, a trailing edge wall which is somewhat more abrupt and which defines the wire engaging shoulder 51, and a terminal portion S which leads to a land 56 adjacent the pilot pin. The lgroove 53 is preferably made smoothly tapering in depth from its mouth at`the periphery of the forming head to its terminus 55. Moreover, while the groove 53 may be more or less straight, in the preferred construction the root of the groove follows a path which is curved or hooked in the direction of the pilot pin.

For a more precise definition of the preferred groove contour, typical contour lines have been shown in FIG. 2a. By way of example, and in the case of a forming head intended for use with wire within the rang'e of l0 to 20 gage,the groove 53 may have a maximum depth at its outer end of 1A; inch. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art, as the discussion proceeds, that the groove dimensions may be scaled upwardly or downwardly for larger and smaller sizes of wire.

In accordance with one of the aspects of the present ini vention,rthe`1'ccept'acle is relatively movable and laterally biased into a position in which the hole 32 is slightly oiset with respect to the axis of the pilot pin so that the Y point of the pilot prin always engages the' same side of the wire, notwithstanding the fact that the tip of the wire is initially disposed in a diametrical postion wth respect to the pilot hole 32. Thus, as shown in FIG. 5a, the recep tacle 35 is offset to the left so that the tip of the pilot pin will engage the side of the wire tip 16 which, fori clock- Wise rotation of the forming head, is destined to form the inside of the loop. In carrying out the invention, the b'ody 35 of the receptacle is preferably mounted for limited lateral movement with respect Vto the base 13, for

4 I v example, by vpivoting the two members together, and a spring is interposed between them so that-the receptacle is normally biased into its offset position. In the present instance the body is pivoted to the base by a pivot screw 60, with a clearance slot 61 being provided in the slide 41. A stop surface, for defining the degree of offset, is preferably formed by a surface 62 in the base 13 arranged in the path of movement of a downward skirt'or extension 63 on the bushing 30. Bias is provided b'y a small coil or hairpin spring 65 (FIG. 4) which encircles the pivot bolt 60 and which is anchored at its first end 66 to the base, the free end 67 pressing against the movable body 35. For the purpose of accommodating the spring and providing a shoulder for pressing by the free end of the spring, a recess 68 is preferably milled out on the underside of the member 35.

The operation of the device thus far described will be apparent upon considering the sequential views Sa-Sc and 6a-6e. It will be assumed that the stripped end of the wire has been placed in the notch 37 and that the stop 40 is adjusted to provide a tip length just sufficient for a complete wire loop. It will further be assumed that the formingV head 11 is mounted in a rapidly rotating chuck 14 in a drill press or the like, and that the chuck Y is lowered by either manual or automatic means. Because of the offset in the receptacle, the pointed end 21 of the pilot engages the right-hand edge of the wire tip'16.

Upon continued downward movement the pilot advances into the hole 32, camming or crowding the, receptacle into an aligned position as shown in FIGS. 5b, 6b, and simultaneously bending the wire at Aits point of entry into .the recess 36. The point of the bend has been indicated at 70 in FIG. 6b. As the forming head continues to move downwardly the surface 50 at the lower end of the head engages the portion of the wire tip 16 which lies above the surface 31 on thereceiving-bushing. Momentary slippage occurs until the groove 53 in the forming head rotates around into register with thetip of the wire. YThe wire is thereupon guided'downwardly along the tapered sur-Y face 54toward the rootrof the groove and Where it may be actedvupon by the shoulder 51. This is the condition which is illustrated inYFIG. 6c. Because of the relatively sharp internal shoulder at the inner end of the notch 37V in the receptacle -the wire is effectively locked in place and there is no tendency for the wire tobe pulled-through the notch. l Continued rotation of the head causes the shoulder 51 to Wrap the tip of the wire about the pilot pin 20 with the trailing end being fed up the groove until the loop, uponA completion of a single revolution, isi-closed (FIG. 6d).V

With downward pressure continuing to be applied, and with the head continuing to rotate rapidly, the land surface 56 on the forming head presses against completed'loop,y pressing it into seated position in the recess 36. The lat-v ter isshown by the dot-dash lines in FIG. 5c. Pressing the loop into the recess performs two desired functions; in the first place the scuing by the'land surface 5 6 tends to iron the loop completely at and, secondly, byrea'son Yof the fact that the recess has a precise diameter, the loop on the wire is accurately fsized resulting in a high degree of `consistency in lthe iinished'product. r

After the forming head is bottomed, indicatingcom-fY pletion of the forming operation, the head .is raised clear of the receptacle as indicated nYFIG. 6e, thus allowing the receptacle ,p`under the urging of the spring 65 to s napl back to its initial position. The looped wire may be lifted out and a fresh piece of wire inserted followingwhich the cycle may be repeated on a production basis. Y

- In a normal production line setup relatively long runs will be made for a given wire size and size of loop. Where it is desired to change to loop wiresY of different gauge, it is a simple matter to substitute a bushing 30 in ,thereceptacle with one having a larger recess. Where the loop size other having an appropriate diameter. This may be accomplished by loosening the set screw 24 or by substituting a slightly dierently dimensioned head 11 in the chuck 14.

In accordance with one of the aspects of the present invention a wide range of wire size loop diameter may be accommodated by making the receptacle in the form of a rotary turret having means for indexing to a selected position. Thus, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 a circular turret 80 is provided, having a pivot screw 81, which is screwed into a base 82 which may be clamped to the table of a drill press or the like. At each setting or station on the turret a hole, annular recess, and companion notch are provided just as described in connection with the earlier embodiment. Thus, in one of the positions, which will be assumed to be the active position, a hole 83 is provided surrounded by a recess 84, having a notch 85 leading to the outside edge. The outside edge may be flatted as indicated at 86 in order to determine the length of the notch 85 and hence the length of the resulting neck portion 17 of the wire. For the purpose of establishing the indexed positions of the turret a stop pin 90 projects upwardly from the base 82 into an elongated recess 91 formed on the underside of the turret. To normally bottom one end of the recess 91 against the pin 90, thereby to determine an offset position, a biasing spring 92 is provided which is anchored to the base at 93 and which carries at its opposite end a pin 94. A radial hole 95 is provided at each of the working positions for selectively receiving the pin.

Thus, when changing the setting it is suicient to pull the pin 94, lift and rotate the turret 80 until a selected recess 91 registers with the pin 90, following which the turret is dropped back into seated position. Insertion of the pin 94 into the corresponding hole 95 restores the torsional bias and the subsequent operation is the same as previously described.

It is found that, once set up, the present device produces loops which are completely consistent from oneto the next, loops which are flat, which form a complete circle, and which have a neck of predetermined length at right angles to the loop. Moreover, the device may be operated on a high production basis as fast as an operator can insert and remove the wires, all without any particular care and attention. If desired, the forming head may be automatically reciprocated at a spacing speed. Where a change in loop size or wire gauge makes readjustment necessary, such readjustment may be brought about within a few seconds time by the operator of the machine with little effect upon output. Moreover, where certain standard loop sizes and wire gauges are used, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that selectable stops may be provided for the slide 41 which predetermines the length of the wire tip.

One advantage of the wire looper just described is that the loops are so perfectly formed that the loop is uniform and washer like, thereby permitting many different wires to terminate on a common stud or binding post stacked one upon the other and charged with suicient force to insure good electrical contact and with no risk that one loop may slide out from under vanother to destroy the integrity of the stack.

While the invention has been described in connection with termination of electrical Wires, it will be understood by one skilled in the art that the structure and techniques described are fully applicable wherever it is desired to form a loop on the end of a piece of wire and regardless of the material from which the wire may be made.

`Both of the above described devices are intended'for bench usage, but it is one of the features of the present invention that the looper mechanism is well-suited for portable hand usage as, for example, in the wiring of switchboards and control devices of various kinds. Thus referring to FIG. 9, there is shown a hand-operated tool in the form of a pair of pliers having parallel jaws or anvils 101, 102 which, through the action of linkage, remain generally par-allel to one another as the handles of the device are squeezed. The construction of the looper elements is similar to that employed in the earlier embodiments and corresponding reference numerals, with addition of subscript a, have been used to designate corresponding parts.

For the purpose of rotating the head 11a, the shaft of the head is extended upwardly and carries a handle 105. In use, the stripped end of a piece of wire is laid in the groove 31a and the handles are squeezed to secure a lateral crowding of the wire, followed by bottoming of the head. vWhile squeezing pressure is continued, the handle 105 is manually turned to complete the loop, after which pressure is released permitting the springs 106 to restore the jaws to open position.

For stripping the end of the wire, stripper blades 111, 112 are secured to the respective jaws. The degree of insertion of the wire with respect to the blades is determined by an adjustable stop 40a, which is clamped in adjusted position by clamping screw 42a.

I claim as my invention:

1. In a loop forming tool for forming a loop `on the end of a length of wire having a tip portion and a neck portion, the combination comprising a rotary forming head having an end surface and a central -pilot pin extending therefrom, a receptacle arranged opposite thereto having a top surface with a hole for receiving the pilot pin, said receptacle having a generally radial groove formed in the surface for receiving the neck portion of the wire recessed in the surface with the tip portion thereof extending across the hole occupying a position above the surface on the other side, a stop for defining a predetermined tip length, the end surface on the head having formed therein a chordwise extending groove, and means for advancing and rotating the head for engagement of the tip by the groove for wrapping of the tip into a loop about the pilot pin.

2. In a loop forming tool for forming a loop on the end of a length of wire having a tip portion and a neck portion, the combination comprising a rotary forming head having an end surface and a central pilot pin extending therefrom, a receptacle arranged opposite thereto having a top surface with a hole for receiving the pilot pin, said receptacle having a generally radial groove vformed in the surface for receiving the neck portion of the wire recessed in the surface with the tip portion thereof extending across the hole occupying a position above the surface on the other side, a stop for defining a predetermined tip length, the end surface of the head having a tip engaging shoulder radially spaced from the pilot pin, and means for advancing and rotating the head for .engagement of the tip by the shoulder for wrapping of the tip into a loop about the pilot pin.

3. In a loop forming tool for forming a loop on the end of a length of wire having a tip portion and a neck portion, the combination comprising a rotary forming head having an end surface and a central pilot pin eX- tending therefrom, a receptacle arranged opposite thereto having a top surface with a hole for receiving the pilot pin, said receptacle having a generally radial groove formed in the surface for receiving the neck portion of the wire recessed in the surface with the tip portion thereof extending across the hole occupying a position above the surface on the other side, a st-op for defining a predetermined tip length, the end surface of the head having a tip engaging shoulder radially spaced from the pilot pin means for advancing and rotating the head for engagement of the tip by the shoulder for wrapping of the tip into a loop about the pilot pin, said receptacle having an annular recess about the lip of the hole and the end surface of said head having an associated land surface adjacent the pilot pin and opposite the recess for forcibly urging the loop' into the recess upon axial bottoming of the head for ironing of the loop by the land.

4. In a loop forming tool for forming a loop on the end of a length of wire having a tip portion and a neck portion, the combination comprising a rotary forming head having an end surface and a central pilot pin extending therefrom, a receptacle arranged opposite thereto having a top surface with a hole for receiving the pilot pin, said receptacle having a generally radial groove lformed in the surface for receiving the neck portion of the wire recessed in the surface with the tip portion thereof extending across the hole occupying a position above the surface on the other side, a stop for defining a predetermined tip length, the end surface on the head having formed therein a groove for engaging the tip of the wire as the head is brought axially into engagement with the receptacle for wrapping of the tip into a loop about the pilot pin, the receptacle having an -annular recess about the lip of the hole with the end surface of the head hav- Ving an associated land surface adjacent the pilot pin and opposite the recess for forceably urging the loop into the recess upon axial bottoming of the head for ironing of the loop by the land.

5. In a loop forming tool for forming a loop on the end of a length of wire having a tip portion and a neck portion, the combination comprising a rotary forming head having an end surface and a central pilot -pin extending therefrom, a receptacle arranged opposite thereto having a top surface with a hole for receiving the pilot pin, said receptacle having a generally radial groove formed in the surface for receiving the neck portion of the wire recessed in the surface while the tip portion of the wire` extends above the supporting surface on the lopposite sideof the hole, the pilot pin having a tapered end and the hole being slightly offset from the pilot pin so that the pilot pin engages the tip of the wire on a predetermined side thereof followed by lateral crowding of the wire as the pilot pin enters the hole, the end surface of the head having a tip engaging shoulder formed thereon for engaging the tip of the wire for wrapping of the tip into a loop about the pilot pin.

6. In a loop forming tool for forming a loop on the end of a length of vwirehaving a tip portion and a neck portion, the combination comprising a rotary forming head having an end surface and a central pilot pin extending therefrom, a receptacle arranged opposite thereto having a top surface with a hole for receiving the pilot pin, said receptacle having a generally radial groove formed in the surface for receiving the neck portion of the wire recessed in the surface with the tip portion thereof extending across the hole occupying a position above the surface on the other side, the end of the pilot pin being tapered and the hole being slightly oset from the pilot pin so that the pilot pin engages the tip of the wire on a predetermined side thereof followed by lateral crowding of the wire as the pilot pin enters the hole, the end surface on the head having formed therein a groove for engaging the tip of the wire for wrapping it into a loop about the pilot pin.

7. In a loop forming tool for forming a loop on the end of a length of wire, the combination comprising, a rotary forming head having an end surface and a central pilot pin extending therefrom, a receptacle having a top surface and a hole for receiving the pilot pin, Said receptacle having a radial groove formed in the surface for receiving the neck portion of the wire recessed in the surface while the tip portion thereof extends diametrically across the hole occupying a position above the surface on the other side, a stop on said receptacle for defining 'a predetermined tip length equal to the length'of the desired loop, means for biasing the receptacle into a normal position in which the hole .therein is slightly offset with respect to the axis of the pilot pin, said pilot pin having a pointed tapering end for entering between the tip of the wire and the side of the hole and so that as the pilot pin is fully inserted the receptacle is urged into a condition of alignment accompanied by lateral bending of the wire at the point where it enters the hole, the end surface -on the head having a shoulder formed thereon spaced from the pilot pin for engaging the tip of the -Wire'and for wrapping the tip'into a loop about the pilot pin.

8. In a loop forming tool for forming a loop on the end of a length of wire, the combinationcornprising, a rotary forming head having an end surface and a central pilot pin extending axially thereform, a receptacle in the path of endwise movement of the head having a hole for receiving the pilot pin, an annular recess in said receptacle surrounding the hole, said receptacle having a radial` groove communicating with the recess for engaging the neck portion of the wire while the tip portion extends across the hole above the level of the receptacle, a stop on said receptacle for defining a predetermined tip length, the receptacle being laterally movable through a limited grange between a position in which the hole is slightly offset with respect to the pilot pin and a position of alignment with the pilotvpin, means for biasing the receptacle into the .offset position, the pilot pin having a pointed tapering end for assuring engagement with a predetermined side of the wire tip and so that as the head is axially advanced the receptacle is crowded into an aligned position accompanied by bending of the wire at the point where the wire enters the receptacle, the end surface of the head havinga generally chordwise groove formed therein for engaging the tip of the wire and for wrapping it into a loop about the pilot pin, the end surface of the head further having a land adjacent the pilot pin for pressing the loop into the recess as the head moves into a bottoming position.

9. In a loop forming tool for forming a loop on the end of a length of wire, the combination comprising, a rotary forming head having an end surface and a central pilot pin extending axially therefrom, a rotatable turret having a central pivot and having a plurality of holes spaced about its periphery, each of said holes having an annular recess and having a radial groove communicating with the recess with the width of the recess and width of the groove varying incrementally from hole to hole, said turret having indexing means for positioning the selected hole under the forming head, depending upon the gauge of wire to be accommodated,it he end surface on the head having a shoulder spaced from the pilot for engaging the tip of the wire as the head is advanced and for wrapping the same into a loop about the pilot, theV end surface on the head further having a land adjacent the pilot for pressing the completed loop into the recess thus insuring that the loop is dat and of predetermined contour, said turret having means for applying rotational bias and said indexing means including a plurality of stop surfaces for normally positioning the holes in an offset position with respect to the pilot pin thereby to insure engagement of the pilot pin with a predetermined side of the wire as thepilot pin approaches the turret.

10. In a loop forming tool for forming a loop on the end of a length of Wire having a tip portion and a neck portion, the combination comprising a rotary forming head having an end surface and a central pilot pin extending therefrom, -a receptacle arranged opposite there- Y to having a top surface with a hole for receiving the pilot pin, means on the receptacle for positioning the wire across the hole with the tip above the top surface, a stop for defining a predetermined tip'length, the endsurface of the head having a tip engaging shoulder radially spaced from the pilot pin, means for advancing and rotating the head for engagement of the tip by the shoulder for wrapping of the tip into a loop about the pilot pin, and means for establishing an initial laterally oiset relation between the pilot pin and the wire so that the tip portion of the wire isl engaged by the shoulder.

11. In a loop forming tool for forming a loop on the endof a length of wire having a tip portion and a neck portion, the combination comprising a rotary forming head having an end surface and a central pilot pin eX- tending therefrom, a receptacle arranged opposite thereto having a top surface with a hole for receiving the pilot pin, means on the receptacle for positioning the Wire across the hole with the tip above the top surface, la stop for defining a predetermined tip length, the end surface of the head having a chordwise extending groove, means for advancing and rotating the head for engagement of the tip by the groove for wrapping of the tip into a loop about the pilot pin, `and means for establishing an initial laterally oset relation between the pilot pin and the Wire so that the tip portion of the wire is engaged by the groove.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 520,864 6/1894 Reynolds 140-104 1,519,550 12/19'24 Pozgay 140-1025 1,526,716 2/ 1925 Neunherz 140-104 2,593,083 4/1952 Adamo 140-104 FOREIGN PATENTS 892,885 10/ 1953 Germany.

CHARLES W. LANHAM, Primary Examiner.

E. M. COMBS, Assistant Examiner,

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