US3374633A - Underground storage and method of forming the same - Google Patents

Underground storage and method of forming the same Download PDF

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Publication number
US3374633A
US3374633A US374060A US37406064A US3374633A US 3374633 A US3374633 A US 3374633A US 374060 A US374060 A US 374060A US 37406064 A US37406064 A US 37406064A US 3374633 A US3374633 A US 3374633A
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formation
string
cavity
hole
nonsolvent
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US374060A
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Carl T Brandt
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ConocoPhillips Co
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Continental Oil Co
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Priority to US374060A priority Critical patent/US3374633A/en
Priority to DEC35825A priority patent/DE1240787B/de
Priority to CH716265A priority patent/CH455655A/fr
Priority to GB21921/65A priority patent/GB1106744A/en
Priority to NL6507389A priority patent/NL6507389A/xx
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/28—Dissolving minerals other than hydrocarbons, e.g. by an alkaline or acid leaching agent
    • E21B43/283—Dissolving minerals other than hydrocarbons, e.g. by an alkaline or acid leaching agent in association with a fracturing process
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G5/00—Storing fluids in natural or artificial cavities or chambers in the earth

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to underground storage and, in one aspect, the present invention relates to methods of forming subterranean storage caverns utilizing solution mining techniques and the cavity thus formed and to methods and apparatus for removing product from the caverns thus formed.
  • below-ground storage has been found by the industry to achieve many desirable results not characteristic of the above-ground counterpart, nevertheless, such belowground storage has also been found to have attendant problems. Not the least of these problems lies in the difliculty which has been encountered in exactly predicting the size, extent and even location of underground caverns when such caverns are formed by solution mining techniques. Heretofore it has not been uncommon to find that portions of stored materials are lost for recovery due to several factors. For instance, when prior art techniques are employed to form storage caverns, the vertical and lateral extent of such chambers has not always proved controllable due to the relatively indiscriminate nature of the solvent action. Moreover, irregularities in the roof of the chambers commonly entrap substantial quantities of stored materials which cannot be subsequently removed by prior art methods.
  • Another object of the present invention is to suggest a method for forming a subterranean storage cavity without attendant ancillary fracture fissures.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to suggest methods for controlling the placement of a cavity beneath the ground and for controlling the nature and extent of the top of the cavity.
  • Yet another object of the present invention is to suggest a method for maintaining a nonsolvent blanket on portions of a soluble subterranean bed during the forming of a cavity in the bed by solution.
  • Still another object of the present invention isto suggest methods for forming a subterranean storage cavity without the necessity for casing bore holes within the formation.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to suggest methods for forming underground storage cavities from which stored material may be easily removed wit-hout regard to the depth of material within such cavities.
  • Another object of the present invention is to suggest methods for quickly and economically forming storage cavities of an improved character.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to suggest methods for recovering stored product from a storage cavern.
  • An additional object of the present invention is to suggest methods for forming underground storage cavities in thin-bedded soluble salt deposits.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to suggest apparatus for removing completely product stored in underground caverns.
  • the present invention may be summarized as a method for forming of an underground storage cavity wherein a plurality of bore holes are drilled into a soluble underground formation at least to a point near the bottom of the formation. At least one of the holes is then cased to a point adjacent the top of the formation and a packer is set in the lower open hole slightly above the point at which it is desired to start a solution operation. Suitable apparatus is then employed to notch the soluble formation slightly below the packer and subsequently sufficient hydraulic pressure, utilizing a nonsolvent liquid, is placed against the notch to start a fracture toward the second bore hole. Ultimately, the fracture is extended, utilizing a nonsolvent liquid, to communicate with each of the bore holes. A solvent fluid is then passed through the fracture so created to form a solution channel after which the cavity is itself formed by solvent washing.
  • a vertical chamber may be formed around at-least one of the bore holes for holding a quantity of nonsolvent blanket material which has a lighter specific gravIty than does the solvent utilized to form the cavity.
  • a floating string is provided within at least one bore hole, with the end of said string located near the top of a storage cavity. Means are provided at the upper portion of said string to place said string selectively into communication with a product header and a source of nonsolvent material lighter than the product stored within the chamber.
  • a wash string is likewise provided within a bore hole intersecting the cavity, and the lower end of this wash string is located near the bottom thereof. Means are provided at the upper portion of said wash string for placing said string selectively into communication with a product header and a source of nonsolvent material heavier than the product stored within the chamber.
  • FIGURE 1 is a schematic cross section of a portion of the earth showing a soluble underground formation and appurtenant cavity forming equipment as it appears when an initial solution channel has been formed between two bore holes;
  • FIGURE 2 is a cross section similar to that shown in FIGURE 1 showing the subterranean formation after substantial amounts of solvent have been circulated through the solution channel;
  • FIGURE 3 is a schematic cross section similar to that shown in FIGURES 1 and 2 which shows the configuration of an underground storage cavity at the termination of a solutioning process;
  • FIGURE 4 is an enlarged, fragmentary cross-sectional view showing the relationship of elements in one of the bore holes shown in FIGURE 2 at the time construction of a vertical storage cavity for blanket material is begun;
  • FIGURE 5 is a cross-sectional view similar to that shown in FIGURE 4 wherein the final configuration of the vertical blanket material reservoir is delineated.
  • FIGURE 1 there is shown a relatively soluble subterranean formation 11 which, in the embodiment shown,
  • the soluble formation may include any of several different materials commonly found underground, such as sodium chloride, sodium nitrate, potassium chloride, the alkaline earth metal salts, such as Epsom salt, kiersite, calcium chloride and the like, or many of the water soluble minerals, such as kainite, sylvanite, carnallite, etc. Commonly halite beds are encountered and these have been found to be suitable for the formation of subterranean storage cavities.
  • a pair of bore holes a and 10b are drilled into formation 11 at least to the depth at which it is desired to place the bottom of the resulting cavity.
  • either a solvent or nonsolvent drilling fluid may be utilized for the initial portion of the drilling.
  • drilling is interrupted and a casing 13 is cemented into place into each of the bore holes.
  • the holes are extended into soluble formation 11 utilizing a nonsolvent drilling fluid.
  • nonsolvent drilling fluid indicates any fluid which will not substantially dissolve the material of bed 11.
  • any number of suitable materials may beutilized for this purpose, such as liquid hydrocarbons, including diesel oil, kerosene and similar materials.
  • liquid hydrocarbons including diesel oil, kerosene and similar materials.
  • aqueous solution which is substantially fully saturated under conditions of pressure and temperature existing in the formation with the material from which bed 11 is made up. It has been found that when the nonsolvent drilling fluid is utilized, a uniform hole in the soluble formation can be formed which has relatively parallel sides. Because of the uniform, parallel walls of the hole thus formed, open hole packers may be used in the subsequent fracturing step;
  • the extended portions are preferably not cased but are left open hole as shown in FIGURE 1.
  • the cavity is formed by this process, it is then filled with the material which is to be stored. Subsequently, when it is desired to remove this material, quite commonly a fluid immiscible with and more dense than the stored material is forced into the cavity with resulting ejection of the stored fluid from one of the bore holes.
  • suitable perforating or notching apparatus such as a gun perforator, not shown, is then placed in the hole opposite a point in formation 11 at which it is'desired to form a solution channel between bore holes 10a and 10b. Upon activa-.
  • nonsolvent fracturing fluid The interior of reservoir 17 communicates with a pump 18 through a valve-12 and from thence with a wash string 21 shown suspended in hole 10a wherein an open hole packer 22 is located immediately superjacent radial notch 14.
  • a suitable reservoir 24 for solvent material is provided on the surface of the ground in communication with pump 18 through a line 25 having a valve 26 therein.
  • valve 19 is opened and valve 26 is closed after which pump 18 is actuated to draw fracturing fluid from reservoir 17, through valve 19 and down wash string 21 to place the nonsolvent fracturing fluid opposite notch 14 at sufficient pressure to raise the overburden and create a radial fracture 23 extending from hole 10a.
  • additional nonsolvent fluid is pumped into the formation to extend the fracture until bore holes 10a and 10b are in communication with each other through formation 11 by means of the fracture. This extension may be achieved by continuing the fracturing process in hole 10a or, should it be desired, notching and fracturing may be initiated from bore hole 1012 so that two intersecting fractures meet within formation 11 somewhere between bore holes 10a and 10b.
  • portion of formation 11 and, as such, it may be any of the fluids mentioned previously forthe nonsolvent drilling fluid.
  • the drilling fluid it is preferred to use an aqueous solution which is substantially completely saturated with the salt or salts of which soluble formation 11 is made. 7
  • radial fracture 23 will extend on both sides of bore hole 10a.
  • a nonsolvent fracturing fluid is used, the portion of the fracture not between bore holes 10a and 10b is healed upon reduction of the opening around hole 10a.
  • solvent type fracturing fluids are used under these circumstance, there is a tendency for material to be leached from the area of the fracture between bore holes 10a and 10b and also from the other portions of the radial fracture. Because of the removal of this material in an indiscriminate manner, subsequent release of pressure along the fracture may not result in the desired healing but instead an opening will remain, which opening tends to be enlarged upon subsequent dissolving of the for mation. When this occurs, uncontrolled and, to a large extent unknown extensions of the cavity are formed which can result in loss of portions of the material which is later stored therein, or in mixing of such material with other material stored in adjacent cavities.”
  • the nonsolvent fracturing fluid may have incorporated therein propping agents, such as sand particles and the like which are Well known in the fracturing art.
  • propping agents such as sand particles and the like which are Well known in the fracturing art.
  • solution channel 27 by circulation of fluid in two directions. For instance, solvent may be circulated -first from bore hole 10a to 1012 and subsequently from 10b to 10:1. Should this type of procedure be desired, it will of course be necessary to equip bore hole 101) with the same well head elements shown in connection with bore hole ltla. For clarity, however, the additional valving and piping necessary for such equipping is not disclosed in FIG- URE 1.
  • solution channel 27 After solution channel 27 is formed, it is then necessary to circulate additional solvent through the channel in order to form and enlarge the desired storage cavity. At the time this solvent material enters the channel from one of the bore holes, it contains little or no dissolved solids. However, as it passes from the inlet to the outlet of the solution channel, more and more solids are dissolved therein with the result that the rate of solution adjacent the inlet of channel 27 is higher than is the rate of solution adjacent the outlet. The result of this situation is the formation of an unsymmetric cavity which is large near the inlet and which tapers toward the outlet. At least two remedies may be employed in order to overcome this tendency to form an unsymmetric cavity and to create one which is substantially symmetrical.
  • a blanket of nonsolvent material may be maintained between the formation and those portions of the cavity roof which are a predetermined height so that further solution action in these areas is precluded.
  • circulation of solvent betwen holes may be reversed in order to introduce fresh solvent into the previous discharge bore hole.
  • blanket material is utilized in combination with a reverse circulation process.
  • wash string 21, together with its associated packer 22 is removed from bore hole 10a and a floating string 32 is placed in the bore hole with its lower end located at a point from about one to six feet below the lower terminus of casing 13.
  • a second wash string 33 is subsequently placed within floating string 32 in such a manner that the lower terminus of the wash string lies at a point near (within about one to ten feet, depending on the height of the cavity) the bottom of the proposed cavity. It might be noted that the presence of wash string 33 during construction of vertical reservoir 31 is not absolutely necessary. However, it should, as a matter of operating efliciency, be installed at this time.
  • identical wash and floating strings are shown in bores holes 10a and 10b although it is to be understood that it is not absolutely necessary to form vertical reservoirs surrounding both bore holes, although it is preferred to do so.
  • the surface equipment with which the tool strings communicate comprises a reservoir 36 for blanket fluid and a pump 35 which communicates with the interior of casings 13 through a bifurcated line 37 having a valve 38 in each arm of the bifurcation. Also in communication with the interior of each casing 13 is a line 39 having a valve 41 therein which communicates with a common header line 42.
  • a centrally located solvent reservoir 43 is provided in communication with a central pump 44 which operates through header lines 42 or, alternately, through a disposal line 46 depending upon the position of four valves 47, 48, 49' and 50.
  • Bifurcated line 37 also communicates with the interior of each of the floating strings 32 through a valve 52 and with the interior of each of the wash strings 33 through a valve 53.
  • each header line 42 communicates with the interior of a floating string 33 through a valve 53 and with the interior of a wash string 33 through a valve 54.
  • solvent material preferably water
  • solvent material is circulated from reservoir 43 through pump 44, valve 48, lines 42 and 39 and valve 41 into the annular space between casing 13 and floating string 32.
  • This material initially follows the flow lines indicated in FIGURE 4, while in the latter stage of development of the reservoir it follows the flow lines indicated in FIGURE 5.
  • solvent material reaches the bottom of the bore hole, it then passes through solution channel 27 and is ultimately forced through wash strings 33 in the other bore hole and from thence through valve 54, line 42 and valve 49 to disposal line 46.
  • valve 38 is opened and nonsolvent blanket material 34, having a specific gravity less than the specific gravity of the solvent, is pumped from reservoir 36 down through the annular space between casing 13 and floating string 32. Injection of this material is continued until returns of thematerial are obtained from the bottom of floating string 32 indicating that reservoir 31 above the bottom of the floating string is filled with the blanket material. At this time further injection of blanket material is discontinued and the formation is now ready for further solvent action in the development of the cavity itself.
  • a suitable solvent is pumped from reservoir 43, through the related valves, and down into hole 10a through either wash string 33 or floating string 32. Subsequently, the solvent flows through solution channel 27 and is ultimately removed through bore hole b, by wash string 33. As circulation is continued, a relatively large chamber develops immediately adjacent hole 10a and this chamber tapers, becoming smaller and smaller toward hole 10b. As the portion of the hole immediately adjacent hole 10a reaches the level as indicated in FIGURE 2, blanket material 34 spreads out from vertical reservoir 31 around bore hole 10a to place a nonsolvent insulating blanket between the solvent acting within the cavity and the top of the chamber adjacent the hole.
  • cavern 56 is enlarged to the level of the ends of floating strings 32 whereupon the blanket material spreads out from reservoir 31 and floats upon the surface of the solvent within the cavity to cause lateral solutioning, and the cavity 56 eventually achieves the shape shown in FIGURE 3.
  • valved line 58 When it is desired to place product in cavity 56, valved line 58 is opened and product flowed from a source not shown through header 57 and line 58 into the annular space between casing 13 and floating string 32 and from thence into cavity 56.
  • nonsolvent fluid In the event that nonsolvent fluid is present in the cavity, it is withdrawn through wash string 33 simultaneously with the injection of product into the cavity. Ordinarily when nonsolvent is withdrawn during admission of product into the cavity such withdrawal will take place in the wash string located in the bore hole opposite the bore hole through which product is injected to the cavity.
  • a nonsolvent fluid is transmitted from a source not shown through flow line 61 past at least one of the valves 63 and into the interior of wash string 33.
  • This nonsolvent is characterized by being unreactive with the formation material, and further characterized by being heavier than, unreactive with, and immiscible with the stored product. Commonly, saturated brine will be used for this purpose.
  • the heavier nonsolvent designated previously as nonsolvent A, then passes downwardly through wash string 33 and empties into the bottom of cavity 56. Because the stored product is lighter than nonsolvent A it will, of course, float on top of the nonsolvent and is removed through floating string 32 and line 59 into header 57 and ultimately into a product supply line, not shown. Alternately product may be recovered through casing 13, valved line 58 and header 57.
  • nonsolvent A is used as the recovery fluid, these irregular depressions entrap product and prevent its being removed through either casing 13 or floating string 32.
  • a nonsolvent material B which is lighter than the stored product may be injected into cavity 56 through the annular space between casing 13 and floating string 32 while product is withdrawn through at least one of wash strings 32.
  • a variety of ma terials may be used as the nonsolvent B and the choice of this material depends to some extent upon the nature of the product which is stored within the cavity.
  • nonsolvent B will be material which is ordinarily in the gas phase under reservoir conditions. Moreover, because of the explosive nature of LPG which is commonly the product stored, nonsolvent B will be not only unreactive with the material of the formation but also will a are removed through floating string 32. In a less desirable alternate arrangement, nonsolvent B is injected until the surface of the product reaches the lower end of floating strings 33.
  • the Wellington formation contains a salt section, the top of which lies at approximately 812 feet from the surface of the earth and which is approximately a 116 feet thick.
  • This salt section is comprised of interlayered dirty salt and shale stringers which are from ap-- proximately three to about ten feet in thickness.
  • a pair of bore holes 10a and 10b are drilled to the bottom of the salt formation at a distance apart of approximately 400 feet. In drilling these wells ordinary aqueous drilling mud is utilized until the top of the formation is reached, whereupon casing is set and cemented.
  • a sodium chloride saturated brine is utilized as a drilling mud for extending the wells from the top to the bottom of the formation.
  • a wash string is placed in bore hole a and an open hole packer is set at the bottom of the wash string.
  • a discharge line 29 is suspended in hole 10b with the lower terminus of the discharge line being approximately level with the lower terminus of the wash string 21.
  • pump 18 is actuated and sodium chloride saturated brine is placed opposite the face of the lower bore hole underneath the open hole packer.
  • Brine pressure is increased until it reaches approximately 1300 pounds per square inch gage on the face of the formation whereupon the formation ruptures, as evidenced by an abrupt decline in pressure at the Well head.
  • Operation of pump 18 is continued at a rate of 29 barrels per minute and at a pressure of approximately 2650 p.s.i.g. until returns of brine are obtained through discharge line 29.
  • valve 19 is closed and valve 26 is opened while maintaining pressure on the formation at approximately 1235 p.s.i.g. and circulation of unsaturated water is continued at a rate of 1175 gallons per minute for approximately 3.0 hours to open up a solution channel, shown in FIGURE 1 as channel 27.
  • injection of unsaturated water in hole 10a is terminated and water circulation is initiated between the casing and floating string in hole 10b at a rate of 160 gallons per minute while the water solvent is simultaneously removed through the wash string located in hole 10a. Injection of water into hole 1012 at this rate is continued for a period of approximately 8.0 hours. At the end of this time, injection of water is terminated whereupon a vertical reservoir chamber, such as shown in FIGURE 5, is located at the lower end of each of the bore holes.
  • Each of the vertical blanket material reservoirs is then filled by injecting blanket material, in this case kerosene, into the annular space between the casing and floating string.
  • blanket material in this case kerosene
  • Injection of the kerosene is carried out at a rate of approximately gallons per minute with simultaneous withdrawal of fluid through the floating string at the same rate. Injection of kerosene is continued until returns of this material are noted in the fluid being withdrawn through the floating string. At this point, injection of kerosene is terminated.
  • Such injection is continued for a period of approximately 72 hours whereupon injection is reversed between the wells. This process is continued for approximately 12 days with the injection and recovery wells being reversed about every 72 hours.
  • the kerosene within the vertical reservoirs is replenished periodically. In the present example such replenishment takes place after the first 48 hours of water injection and at the end of each 168 hour interval thereafter until the completion of the solution cavity.
  • Such replenishment is accomplished in precisely the same manner as the initial filling of the vertical blanket chamber was initially accomplished, that is, kerosene is forced downwardly through the annular space between the casing and floating string while fluid is removed through the floating string. Injection of the kerosene is terminated upon receipt of return of kerosene in the fluid removed through the floating string.
  • nonsolvent fluid comprises a solvent fluid saturated with sufficient dissolved material to render it nonsolvent.
  • the first said non-solvent fluid comprises the solvent fluid saturated with suflicient dissolved material to render it nonsolvent.
  • drilling with a drilling fluid which is a nonsolvent for the material of the formation, an extension of the bore hole at least to a point within the formation adjacent an interface between a portion of the formation and an insoluble bed;
  • An apparatus for storing and recovering product which comprises: I
  • (j) means communicating with the upper portion of a bore hole for selectively placing the interior of said bore hole into and out of communication with said product header and said source of nonsolvent material defined in paragraph (i).

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  • Geology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
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US374060A 1964-06-10 1964-06-10 Underground storage and method of forming the same Expired - Lifetime US3374633A (en)

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US374060A US3374633A (en) 1964-06-10 1964-06-10 Underground storage and method of forming the same
DEC35825A DE1240787B (de) 1964-06-10 1965-05-12 Verfahren zur Anlage unterirdischer Lagerraeume
CH716265A CH455655A (fr) 1964-06-10 1965-05-21 Procédé de fabrication d'une installation de stockage souterraine
GB21921/65A GB1106744A (en) 1964-06-10 1965-05-24 Storage cavities in underground formations of soluble material and method of forming such cavities
NL6507389A NL6507389A (de) 1964-06-10 1965-06-10

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US5133624A (en) * 1990-10-25 1992-07-28 Cahill Calvin D Method and apparatus for hydraulic embedment of waste in subterranean formations
US5387737A (en) * 1993-04-06 1995-02-07 Atlantic Richfield Company Slurry injection into disaggregated earth formations
US5431482A (en) * 1993-10-13 1995-07-11 Sandia Corporation Horizontal natural gas storage caverns and methods for producing same
US5771170A (en) * 1994-02-14 1998-06-23 Atlantic Richfield Company System and program for locating seismic events during earth fracture propagation
US5963508A (en) * 1994-02-14 1999-10-05 Atlantic Richfield Company System and method for determining earth fracture propagation
US20110038670A1 (en) * 2009-08-11 2011-02-17 Wilkinson John R Gaseous Sequestration Methods and Systems
CN102828777A (zh) * 2012-09-19 2012-12-19 重庆大学 双竖井水平对接盐穴储库建造方法
RU2776441C1 (ru) * 2021-02-17 2022-07-20 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Газпром геотехнологии" Способ сооружения подземного тоннельного резервуара в свите пластов каменной соли ограниченной мощности

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RU2465448C1 (ru) * 2011-05-10 2012-10-27 Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Санкт-Петербургский государственный горный институт имени Г.В. Плеханова (технический университет)" Устройство для корректировки формы резервуаров в формациях каменной соли
CN106837290B (zh) * 2017-02-14 2019-03-15 中国石油大学(北京) 对称式布缝的分组异井异步注co2采油方法
CN110761766B (zh) * 2018-07-25 2021-01-29 江苏省制盐工业研究所有限公司 一种层状盐岩选择性溶采造腔控制工艺

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US2584605A (en) * 1948-04-14 1952-02-05 Edmund S Merriam Thermal drive method for recovery of oil
US2986007A (en) * 1952-08-29 1961-05-30 Texaco Inc Underground storage
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US2850270A (en) * 1956-03-19 1958-09-02 Alden W Hanson Mining soluble minerals using passageway formed by fracturing
US2994200A (en) * 1957-01-28 1961-08-01 Phillips Petroleum Co Making underground storage caverns
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US3086760A (en) * 1960-05-25 1963-04-23 Fmc Corp Method of creating an underground communication

Cited By (11)

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US5133624A (en) * 1990-10-25 1992-07-28 Cahill Calvin D Method and apparatus for hydraulic embedment of waste in subterranean formations
US5318382A (en) * 1990-10-25 1994-06-07 Cahill Calvin D Method and apparatus for hydraulic embedment of waste in subterranean formations
US5387737A (en) * 1993-04-06 1995-02-07 Atlantic Richfield Company Slurry injection into disaggregated earth formations
US5431482A (en) * 1993-10-13 1995-07-11 Sandia Corporation Horizontal natural gas storage caverns and methods for producing same
US5771170A (en) * 1994-02-14 1998-06-23 Atlantic Richfield Company System and program for locating seismic events during earth fracture propagation
US5963508A (en) * 1994-02-14 1999-10-05 Atlantic Richfield Company System and method for determining earth fracture propagation
US20110038670A1 (en) * 2009-08-11 2011-02-17 Wilkinson John R Gaseous Sequestration Methods and Systems
US8454268B2 (en) * 2009-08-11 2013-06-04 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Gaseous sequestration methods and systems
CN102828777A (zh) * 2012-09-19 2012-12-19 重庆大学 双竖井水平对接盐穴储库建造方法
CN102828777B (zh) * 2012-09-19 2015-07-29 重庆大学 双竖井水平对接盐穴储库建造方法
RU2776441C1 (ru) * 2021-02-17 2022-07-20 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Газпром геотехнологии" Способ сооружения подземного тоннельного резервуара в свите пластов каменной соли ограниченной мощности

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Publication number Publication date
CH455655A (fr) 1968-07-15
NL6507389A (de) 1965-12-13
DE1240787B (de) 1967-05-24
GB1106744A (en) 1968-03-20

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