US3369206A - Electromagnetic telephone relay - Google Patents

Electromagnetic telephone relay Download PDF

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Publication number
US3369206A
US3369206A US519058A US51905866A US3369206A US 3369206 A US3369206 A US 3369206A US 519058 A US519058 A US 519058A US 51905866 A US51905866 A US 51905866A US 3369206 A US3369206 A US 3369206A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
core
relay
armature
iron core
load
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US519058A
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English (en)
Inventor
Lundkvist Karl Axel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
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Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
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Filing date
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Application filed by Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB filed Critical Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
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Publication of US3369206A publication Critical patent/US3369206A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/16—Magnetic circuit arrangements
    • H01H50/36—Stationary parts of magnetic circuit, e.g. yoke

Definitions

  • electromagnetic relays of standard design are used. They generally consist of an angular-bent yoke, on which contact spring assemblies, an armature with a residual plate and an iron core with a coil are fastened.
  • the yoke constitutes the frame of the relay and is maintained unchanged independently of the purpose of the relays while the number of contact spring assemblies and the number of contact springs in each assembly are changed within wide limits dependent on the use of the relay.
  • the winding of the coil also varies very much both with regard to electric data and with regard to volume.
  • the residual plate of the armature is likewise changed dependent on the use of the relay.
  • the length of the contact springs, contact distance, contact pressure and the lifting of the movable contact springs are accurately determined magnitudes that are not changed as they have been determined according to a very comprehensive practical and theoretical work.
  • the contact spring assemblies, the yoke and the armature have been the unchangeable standard details of the telephone relay while the iron core, the coil and the residual plate are details that are changed partly with the number of contact springs, partly to adapt the properties of the relay to its use.
  • the present invention has for a purpose to reduce in an electromagnetic standard relay with from case to case varying load and working conditions, the need of iron in the magnetic circuit and the need of copper in the relay winding and to bring about with simple means a readjustment of the relation between the levers of the relay armature in view of the intended load.
  • the spring load rises insignificantly during the last part of the movement of the armature while the magnetic flux increases rapidly and therefore the magnetic flux density in the iron circuit can at least in some part have a chance to approach saturation already when the critical position is reached. If regard is paid to reasonable margins for the operation of the relay both regarding the magnitude of the tractive force and regarding the saturation in the iron, it is possible to determine the cross section area of the iron, the remaining movement of the armature in the critical position and the levers of the armature in such a way that an optimum in' respect to weight and volume for the relay is achieved.
  • the magnetic flux density in the end of the core at the air gap is here indicated by B, the area of the iron core at the core end by A, the magnetic resistance disregarding the remaining movement of the armature in the air gap by m.
  • the spring load is called P
  • its lifting is called 0
  • its lever in relation to the centre of rotation of the armature is indicated by b.
  • the magnetic field at the end of the core becomes B A
  • its lever on the relay armature is indicated by a
  • the remaining movement of the armature in the air gap at the critical position is indicated by d.
  • the cross section of the iron core is assumed to be a circular surface as a round coil gives the smallest copper consumption.
  • M number of ampere turns required for the operation is indicated by M. Due to the leakage between the iron core and the yoke the magnetic flux density will be greater in the iron core than at the end of the core.
  • the relation between the maximum value of the flux density within the iron core and B is supposed to be a number k valid for critical position of the armature and determined empirically.
  • Equation 1 indicates equilibrium between the moment of the load and of the field on the armature.
  • Equation 2 indicates the relation between the flux density B and the number of ampere turns.
  • Equation 3 indicates a mere geometrical relation.
  • the maximum fiux density k.B is determined by the properties of the iron.
  • the number k varies somewhat with the air gap d.
  • the value In is composed by the thickness of the residual plate, the magnetic resistance of the iron and by the magnetic resistance is consequence of the surface treatment of the yoke, of the armature and of the iron core.
  • the value m is determined in practice by the remanence of the iron and by the surface treatment and may here be regarded as a value given in advance, which cannot be varied.
  • the end of the iron core is therefore shaped so, that the lever a may be varied upwards and downwards around the average value that corresponds to the lever a at a straight iron core.
  • the relay armature becomes short and light. This is of value in sensitive relays which should be rapid in spite of only small forces being at disposal.
  • a residual plate of definite thickness is desired as the length of the relay core has to be adapted to the length of the yoke and the armature cannot lie on the level of the end of the relay core for more than one determined value on the-thickness of the residual plate. If the thickness of the residual plate is determined for a relay loaded with the average number of contact springs, this residual plate can be maintained at all other loads, if the lever a is varied.
  • An adjustment of a implies a levelling between the operation margin of the relay and its release margin. Thus it is suitable that this adjustment may be made continuously and not only step-by-step.
  • the invention may in view of the adjustment of the relay come in to use also for relays with a contact spring load corresponding to the average load.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view, partly in section, of a relay set for a heavy load to be controlled
  • FIG. 2 is a similar view of the relay but set for a light load to be controlled.
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective fragmentary view of a modification of the relay.
  • a magnetic circuit is formed by the yoke 1, the armature 2 and the iron core 3.
  • a coil 4 is located on the iron core 3 which is turnable in the coil, and a contact spring assembly 5 is mounted on the yoke 1..
  • the end of the iron core 3 in the air gap is bent to the one side.
  • the iron core is turned so that the distance between the end of the core and the yoke 1 is as great as possible.
  • the iron core is turned compared with FIG. 1 so that the end of the core is as near to the yoke as possible. All intermediate positions are readily conceivable.
  • the end of the core does not need to lie symmetrically in relation to the armature 2.
  • the iron core 3 is potted in a plastic such as Bakelite, so that two end plates 9 are formed and the iron core is insulated from the coil 4. In this way the bent end of the iron core is located inside the fore end plate, so that no extension of the core or loss of coil space arises.
  • the surface of the end of the core can be made larger than the cross section of the iron core.
  • the size of the pole face may be varied so, that a relay that is effective at all loads is obtained.
  • the end of the core can also be formed by staving or be be provided with a loose pole piece that can be turned around the iron core of the coil without a simultaneous rotation of the coil itself.
  • FIG. 3 In FIG. 3 is shown a round iron core 8, the end of which has been shaped to an adequate form such as a radial arm 8a.
  • the coil 4 is wound on a loose bobbin and the iron core is extended through the bobbin with the core end 8a protruding therefrom.
  • the back end plate 6 of the bobbin is shaped to carry terminals 7 for connecting the ends and connections of the coil to the bobbin.
  • the iron core can be turned without the coil being turned.
  • the armature and the contact spring assemblies are omitted in order to simplify the figure.
  • An electromagnetic relay comprising in combination: a yoke, a rotatably supported elongate core having a nonaxial end portion, a coil encompassing the core permitting rotation thereof, and an armature pivotally mounted adjacent to said nonaxial end portion of the core, the pivot axis of the armature being disposed laterally of said nonaxial core portion, said yoke, core and armature constituting a magnetic circuit including an air gap defined by the armature and the nonaxial end portion, the width of said air gap corresponding to the pivotal position of the armature in reference to the nonaxial end portion of the core, whereby the leverage of the magnetic force attracting the armature toward said nonaxial core portion varies in accordance with the distance between said core portion and the pivot axis of the armature, said distance being a function of the rotational position of the core in the coil; and
  • a movable load means coacting with the armature to bias the same into the direction away from said nonaxial core portion and to be displaced by the movement of the armature toward and away from said core portion.
  • An electromagnetic relay according to claim 1 Wherein said core is a straight core and said nonaxial end portion of the core is a portion bent-off in reference to the center axis of the core.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Breakers (AREA)
  • Interface Circuits In Exchanges (AREA)
US519058A 1965-03-10 1966-01-06 Electromagnetic telephone relay Expired - Lifetime US3369206A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE315165 1965-03-10

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3369206A true US3369206A (en) 1968-02-13

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US519058A Expired - Lifetime US3369206A (en) 1965-03-10 1966-01-06 Electromagnetic telephone relay

Country Status (4)

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US (1) US3369206A (fr)
BE (1) BE677361A (fr)
DE (1) DE1257286B (fr)
GB (1) GB1136123A (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4318074A (en) * 1980-10-14 1982-03-02 Gte Automatic Electric Labs Inc. Contactless electromagnetic relay
US4322708A (en) * 1980-10-14 1982-03-30 Gte Automatic Electric Labs Inc. Electromagnetic device utilizing a pair of magnetically activated electronic switches
US4322709A (en) * 1980-10-14 1982-03-30 Gte Automatic Electric Labs Inc. Adjustable flux generator a magnetically activated electronic switch
US4417205A (en) * 1980-10-14 1983-11-22 Gte Automatic Electric Labs. Inc. Detection apparatus utilizing a hall effect device

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2076658A (en) * 1935-08-08 1937-04-13 Marx Louis Sparkling yo-yo toy
US2294327A (en) * 1940-05-17 1942-08-25 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electromagnetic relay
US2588534A (en) * 1947-10-09 1952-03-11 Ericsson Telefon Ab L M Electromagnetic relay with adjustable lever-relation

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2076658A (en) * 1935-08-08 1937-04-13 Marx Louis Sparkling yo-yo toy
US2294327A (en) * 1940-05-17 1942-08-25 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electromagnetic relay
US2588534A (en) * 1947-10-09 1952-03-11 Ericsson Telefon Ab L M Electromagnetic relay with adjustable lever-relation

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4318074A (en) * 1980-10-14 1982-03-02 Gte Automatic Electric Labs Inc. Contactless electromagnetic relay
US4322708A (en) * 1980-10-14 1982-03-30 Gte Automatic Electric Labs Inc. Electromagnetic device utilizing a pair of magnetically activated electronic switches
US4322709A (en) * 1980-10-14 1982-03-30 Gte Automatic Electric Labs Inc. Adjustable flux generator a magnetically activated electronic switch
US4417205A (en) * 1980-10-14 1983-11-22 Gte Automatic Electric Labs. Inc. Detection apparatus utilizing a hall effect device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1257286B (de) 1967-12-28
BE677361A (fr) 1966-08-01
GB1136123A (en) 1968-12-11

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