US3368525A - Liquid developer system for photocopy machine - Google Patents

Liquid developer system for photocopy machine Download PDF

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Publication number
US3368525A
US3368525A US492746A US49274665A US3368525A US 3368525 A US3368525 A US 3368525A US 492746 A US492746 A US 492746A US 49274665 A US49274665 A US 49274665A US 3368525 A US3368525 A US 3368525A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
liquid
developer
tray
pump
concentrate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US492746A
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English (en)
Inventor
Leo D Sacre
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
American Photocopy Equipment Co
Original Assignee
American Photocopy Equipment Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by American Photocopy Equipment Co filed Critical American Photocopy Equipment Co
Priority to US492746A priority Critical patent/US3368525A/en
Priority to GB44077/66A priority patent/GB1155610A/en
Priority to DE19661522554 priority patent/DE1522554A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3368525A publication Critical patent/US3368525A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03D—APPARATUS FOR PROCESSING EXPOSED PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIALS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03D3/00—Liquid processing apparatus involving immersion; Washing apparatus involving immersion
    • G03D3/02—Details of liquid circulation
    • G03D3/06—Liquid supply; Liquid circulation outside tanks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
    • G03G15/10—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a liquid developer
    • G03G15/104—Preparing, mixing, transporting or dispensing developer
    • G03G15/105—Detection or control means for the toner concentration
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/2496—Self-proportioning or correlating systems
    • Y10T137/2514—Self-proportioning flow systems
    • Y10T137/2534—Liquid level response

Definitions

  • a liquid developer system for a photocopy machine including a developer tray having means for guiding copy sheets therethrough, an enclosed reservoir bottle below the level of the tray, a liquid pump connected between the bottle and the tray for pumping developer liquid from the bottle into the tray, an overflow line connected from a working level at the top of the tray to the reservoir bottle, and a drain line connected from the bottom of the tray to the reservoir bottle.
  • the overflow line is relatively free of restriction while the drain line is restricted so that the body of developer liquid is maintained at the working level while the pump is running, but permitting total draining of the tray when the pump is shut off.
  • Replenisher bottles of liquid vehicle and toner are connected through replenisher lines to the developer system for replacing consumed developer liquid.
  • Control valves are provided in the two replenisher lines, with the vehicle replenisher valve being controlled by a float switch mounted in the reservoir bottle at a position designed to maintain a level of developer liquid well below the top of the reservoir bottle to provide space for the developer liquid drained from the tray.
  • the present invention relates to photocopy machines and more particularly to means for handling and replenishing the developer liquid.
  • it is an object to provide means for adding toner concentrate which is accurate, which insures prompt mixing between the concentrate and the body of liquid, and which permits the amount of concentrate per unit length of copy sheet to be easily and quickly varied.
  • FIGURE 1 shows a liquid developer system constructed in accordance with the present invention with the components as viewed in elevation;
  • FIG. 2 is a section through the developer tray taken along the line 2--2 in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged section taken through the replenisher fitting
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a timer for controlling the flow of toner concentrate
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic electrical diagram of the control circuit used in the system of FIG. 1.
  • a liquid developer system 10 including a developer tray 11 having a series of ribs 12 for guiding a sensitized copy sheet 13.
  • the copy sheet 13 may be of the general type described in Sugarman et al. Patent 3,051,569 issued Aug. 28, 1962. It will suifice to say that the copy sheet is of paper having a coating consisting of finely divided photosensitive material, for example zinc oxide, dispersed in a dielectric binder for example, isobutyl methacrylate or melamine formaldehyde.
  • the sheet is given an allover electrostatic charge, im-
  • developer liquid is in the form of a colloidal suspension of toner particles, i.e. finely divided particles of pigment, dispersed in a liquid vehicle having good dielectric properties, preferably aliphatic or other slightly volatile hydrocarbon.
  • toner particles i.e. finely divided particles of pigment
  • a liquid vehicle having good dielectric properties, preferably aliphatic or other slightly volatile hydrocarbon.
  • the developed sheet is discharged from the tray in the direction of the arrow and between a pair of squeegee or expeller rollers 16 where the excess liquid is removed and runs back into the tray. Following this the copy may be passed through a blast of Warm air to complete the drying prior to being discharged from the machine.
  • a single drive motor 17 is employed to drive pairs of transport rollers, a typical pair being indicated at 18, as well as the final expeller rollers 16 via suitable drive connections diagrammatically indicated at 19.
  • the reservoir is in the form of a reservoir bottle 20 which is formed of plastic or the like having a header 21 for the making of fluid connections and containing a body of developer liquid 22.
  • a dip tube 23 is used which is connected via a suction line 24 to a fluid pump 25 having a suction or inlet connection 26 and a pressure outlet connection 27.
  • the outlet of the pump feeds a pressure line 28 which is connected to a T-shaped distributor 30 having outlets 31, 32 at the respective ends of the tray.
  • the pump 25 is of simple construction providing a flow on the order of 15 cubic centimeters per second at a differential pressure, between the suction side 26 and pressure side 27 which is just sufficient to overcome the friction in the fluid lines.
  • a pump having a bellows impeller driven by an integral vibrator motor is well suited to this application.
  • a preferred pump for this purpose i manufactured by Gorman-Rupp of Bellville, Ohio identified as their model M12115. It will sufiice to say that such a motor has a coil 40 vibrating an armature 41 which is supplied with half waves of A-C through a rectifier 42.
  • the armature is connected to a bellows 43 having integral valve flaps 44 defining an inlet chamber 45 and an outlet chamber .46.
  • the reservoir bottle is located below the level of the tray and interconnected with the tray by an over-flow line which is connected at a working level at the top of the tra and a restricted drain line which is connected to the bottom of the tray so that developer liquid is maintained at the working level during the time that the pump is turned on and completely drained, by gravity, from the tray to the reservoir when the pump is turned off.
  • an overflow line 50 having an inlet connection 51 positioned at the desired working level 52 of the developer liquid and having an opposite end 53 which terminates within the enclosed reservoir.
  • a drain line 55 is provided having an inlet 56 at the bottom of the tray and an outlet 57 which extends into the reservoir.
  • the drain line is preferably made of tubing having a smaller gauge than the overflow line so that the gravity draining rate is substantially less than the rate of output of the pump, with the result that the developer is kept at the working level 52 with constant overflow which is accommodated through the overflow line 50.
  • an enclosed vehicle replenisher is provided which is connected to the suction side of the pump with the flow being controlled by a solenoid valve which is turned on and off by a float switch in the reservoir.
  • a solenoid valve which is turned on and off by a float switch in the reservoir.
  • I provide an enclosed replenisher bottle 60 having a dip tube 61 connected to a vehicle replenisher line 62 having a valve 63 controlling the flow, the valve being operated by a solenoid 64.
  • the vehicle replenisher line terminates at an orifice 65 in the line 24 at the suction side of the pump.
  • a normally open switch 66 is provided under the control of a float 67.
  • the contacts in the switch 66 are closed thereby energizing the solenoid 64 and opening the valve 63 so that vehicle is drawn from the replenisher bottle and di charged at the orifice 65 into the suction stream of the recirculating developer liquid.
  • the switch 66 is opened, turning off the solenoid and stopping the flow.
  • a small vent 69 is provided in the cap of the bottle to admit a small amount of air to take the place of the liquid which is withdrawn.
  • the level 68 for which the float switch is adjusted. allows suificient head room in the reservoir to accommodate the entire contents of the tray.
  • novel means are provided for replenishing the toner which is removed from the developer liquid as the copies are developed.
  • a toner concentrate bottle 70 containing toner concentrate in the form of toner particles packed in a small amount of vehicle and sufliciently concentrated to form a liquid having a viscosity which is substantially greater than the developer liquid.
  • Extending down into the body of toner concentrate is a dip tube 71 which is connected by a toner concentrate line 72 to a concentrate valve 73 having an associated solenoid 74.
  • the concentrate line terminates in an orifice 75.
  • the orifice 75 is made of small diameter, for example, 0.014", supplied by a line in the form of flexible tubing having an inside diameter of inch.
  • the restricted orifice thus performs a metering function so that under the suction which exists in the suction line 24 only a small amount of concentrate Will be fed to the stream of recirculating developer liquid during each unit of time that the valve 73 is open,
  • the vehicle orifice and the concentrate orifice are both located at the suction side of the pump, preferably close together and occupying the same fitting indicated at 76. It is a further feature of the present invention than an orifice of relatively small diamteer is employed with the relatively viscous toner concentrate closely adjacent the suction side of a pump of the vibratory, rapidly pulsating type, with the vibrations of the fluid column serving to keep the concentrate in the immediate vicinity of the orifice in constant motion thereby to avoid any tendency toward blockage or constriction.
  • a timing motor having an input line which is energized only as long as copy sheets are flowing through the machine and which controls a pair of output contacts for opening the valve in the concentrate line when the integrated length of the processed copy sheets reaches a predetermined total, and with the valve being kept open a sufficient length of time to meter out an amount of concentrate approximately equal to that which has been consumed by the sheets.
  • a copy sheet detector switch (see FIG. 5) is used having a detector arm 81 and feeding the input terminal 82 of an integrating timer 83 having a motor 84. As shown in FIG.
  • the motor 84 via a suitable gear train, drives a pair of cams at different speed, the cams acting jointly to control a switch which energizes the solenoid which controls the flow of toner concentrate.
  • I provide a first cam 85 having a notch 86 and which rotates at A r.p.m. and a second, composite, cam 90 which is formed of a pair of cam elements 91, 92 to provide a notch 93 of adjustable width.
  • the composite cam operates at a higher speed than the cam 85, for example at the rate of 1 rpm.
  • the upper one of the two cam elements is slotted and engaged by a thumb nut 94.
  • the switch may be set to operate, with a high degree of accuracy, at the end of a predetermined, integrated time period.
  • the integrated time interval may be 240 seconds. Since the timer motor 84 is turned on only during the time of passage of the copy sheets, and since the copy sheets may, in a practical machine, be transported at the rate of 3 inches per second, 720 inches of copy sheet, corresponding to 66 sheets of letterhead size, will be processed prior to closure of the switch 95.
  • the time that the concentrate is allowed to flow depends upon a number of factors including the viscosity of the concentrate, the size of the orifice through which it must pass and the amount of suction.
  • the main switch indicated at 96, causes the pump 25 to be energized by half waves of current through the rectifier, reciprocating the pumping element and causing the flow of the developer liquid from the reservoir through the line 24 and out of the pump through the line 28 into the distributor 30 in the developer tray.
  • the timing motor 84 is energized, and, after 240 seconds of such energization, the notches 86, 93 on the two cams come into register with the switch arm thereby causing the switch 95 to turn on closing the circuit to the solenoid 74 which opens the valve 73 in the toner concentrate line. Because of the slight negative pressure which exists on the suction side of the pump, toner concentrate flows from the concentrate bottle 70 through the concentrate line 72 to the orifice 75 where the flow is metered. Because of the constant flow and vibration which exists in the recirculation path, the toner concentrate is promptly and evenly dispersed in the body of developer liquid,
  • suction side of the pump shall be understood to mean any region of reduced pressure resulting from the presence of the pump or from the flow of the pumped liquid.
  • float switch shall be understood to mean any switch which automatically senses a drop in the level of the liquid in the reservoir bottle for energization of the valve which controls the flow of the added vehicle.
  • a liquid developer system for a photocopy machine using a developer liquid formed of a colloidal suspension of toner dispersed in a liquid vehicle, a developer tray having a body of developer liquid and means for guiding a sensitized copy sheet therethrough, an enclosed reservoir bottle, a liquid pump connected between the reservoir bottle and the tray for pumping developer liquid into the tray, an overflow line connected from a working level at the top of the tray to the bottle, a drain line connected from the bottom of the tray to the bottle, said overflow line being relatively free of restriction and said drain line being restricted so that liquid developer is maintained at the working level during the time that the pump is running but is totally drained from the tray when the pump is shut off, an enclosed vehicle replenisher bottle, a replenisher line including a valve connected to the replenisher bottle and the suction side of the pump, and a float switch in the reservoir bottle for controlling the valve to replenish the vehicle consumed in the developer system, said float switch being positioned to maintain a level of liquid developer well below the top of the reservoir bottle to provide space for

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Wet Developing In Electrophotography (AREA)
US492746A 1965-10-04 1965-10-04 Liquid developer system for photocopy machine Expired - Lifetime US3368525A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US492746A US3368525A (en) 1965-10-04 1965-10-04 Liquid developer system for photocopy machine
GB44077/66A GB1155610A (en) 1965-10-04 1966-10-03 Liquid Developer System for Photocopy Machine
DE19661522554 DE1522554A1 (de) 1965-10-04 1966-10-04 Entwicklungseinrichtung fuer ein elektrophotographisches Kopiergeraet

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US492746A US3368525A (en) 1965-10-04 1965-10-04 Liquid developer system for photocopy machine

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US3368525A true US3368525A (en) 1968-02-13

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US492746A Expired - Lifetime US3368525A (en) 1965-10-04 1965-10-04 Liquid developer system for photocopy machine

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US (1) US3368525A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1522554A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1155610A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1965096A1 (de) * 1968-12-27 1970-08-27 Ricoh Kk Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Zufuehrung von Entwicklerfluessigkeit in der Elektrofotografie
US3603289A (en) * 1967-12-05 1971-09-07 Ricoh Kk Electrostatic latent image developing apparatus
US3738312A (en) * 1971-12-28 1973-06-12 Bethlehem Steel Corp Molten metal bath level maintenance system
JPS495044A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1972-04-27 1974-01-17
US3789794A (en) * 1971-12-27 1974-02-05 Savin Business Machines Corp Apparatus for developing electrostatic images
JPS4919742U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1972-05-22 1974-02-19
JPS504735U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1973-05-09 1975-01-18
US3862849A (en) * 1967-12-05 1975-01-28 Ricoh Kk Method for preparation of developing solution for developing electrostatic latent images
JPS5011239A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1973-05-31 1975-02-05
JPS5011438A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1973-05-23 1975-02-05
US3876448A (en) * 1969-04-04 1975-04-08 Apeco Corp Electrostatic developing process
JPS5048639U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1973-08-29 1975-05-14
JPS5076837U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1973-11-15 1975-07-04
JPS5119335B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1970-07-15 1976-06-16
US4010288A (en) * 1974-10-04 1977-03-01 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Method of preventing evaporation of liquid on an image-bearing member
US4013039A (en) * 1976-09-02 1977-03-22 International Business Machines Corporation Wet processing PH control
JPS52152240A (en) * 1977-06-20 1977-12-17 Canon Inc Replenishing device for developer liquid for copier
JPS5340251U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1976-09-10 1978-04-07
US4091404A (en) * 1971-12-28 1978-05-23 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Apparatus for developing photosensitive material
US4110029A (en) * 1973-09-27 1978-08-29 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid developer for an electrostatic copying device
JPS54186Y1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1977-10-06 1979-01-08
JPS56116063A (en) * 1980-10-06 1981-09-11 Canon Inc Liquid developing device
US4304179A (en) * 1978-12-15 1981-12-08 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Marking method and device
USD306034S (en) 1987-06-15 1990-02-13 Auger Frederic P Chemical mixer

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IL107217A (en) * 1993-10-08 2004-05-12 Hewlett Packard Indigo Bv Development control system
USRE37859E1 (en) 1991-07-09 2002-09-24 Indigo N.V. Development control system

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2887087A (en) * 1957-08-01 1959-05-19 British Cotton Ind Res Assoc Apparatus for the automatic regulation of the continuous application of specified amounts of solids or liquids to a moving sheet of material
GB938349A (en) * 1961-06-23 1963-10-02 Ozalid Co Ltd Apparatus for developing electrophotographic material
US3129115A (en) * 1961-04-17 1964-04-14 Xerox Corp Xerographic developing apparatus
US3196831A (en) * 1959-11-16 1965-07-27 American Photocopy Equip Co Developing unit for photocopy machine
US3242902A (en) * 1963-02-20 1966-03-29 Rca Corp Toner feed
US3245330A (en) * 1962-11-29 1966-04-12 Minolta Camera Kk Wet electronic copying apparatus
US3249088A (en) * 1963-04-03 1966-05-03 Scm Corp Developing tank unit for electrostatic printing
US3292572A (en) * 1963-01-16 1966-12-20 Bayer Ag Developing device

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2887087A (en) * 1957-08-01 1959-05-19 British Cotton Ind Res Assoc Apparatus for the automatic regulation of the continuous application of specified amounts of solids or liquids to a moving sheet of material
US3196831A (en) * 1959-11-16 1965-07-27 American Photocopy Equip Co Developing unit for photocopy machine
US3129115A (en) * 1961-04-17 1964-04-14 Xerox Corp Xerographic developing apparatus
GB938349A (en) * 1961-06-23 1963-10-02 Ozalid Co Ltd Apparatus for developing electrophotographic material
US3245330A (en) * 1962-11-29 1966-04-12 Minolta Camera Kk Wet electronic copying apparatus
US3292572A (en) * 1963-01-16 1966-12-20 Bayer Ag Developing device
US3242902A (en) * 1963-02-20 1966-03-29 Rca Corp Toner feed
US3249088A (en) * 1963-04-03 1966-05-03 Scm Corp Developing tank unit for electrostatic printing

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3603289A (en) * 1967-12-05 1971-09-07 Ricoh Kk Electrostatic latent image developing apparatus
US3862849A (en) * 1967-12-05 1975-01-28 Ricoh Kk Method for preparation of developing solution for developing electrostatic latent images
US3718155A (en) * 1968-12-27 1973-02-27 Ricoh Kk Developer liquid supplying method and device for liquid development electrophotography
DE1965096A1 (de) * 1968-12-27 1970-08-27 Ricoh Kk Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Zufuehrung von Entwicklerfluessigkeit in der Elektrofotografie
US3876448A (en) * 1969-04-04 1975-04-08 Apeco Corp Electrostatic developing process
JPS5119335B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1970-07-15 1976-06-16
US3789794A (en) * 1971-12-27 1974-02-05 Savin Business Machines Corp Apparatus for developing electrostatic images
US3738312A (en) * 1971-12-28 1973-06-12 Bethlehem Steel Corp Molten metal bath level maintenance system
US4091404A (en) * 1971-12-28 1978-05-23 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Apparatus for developing photosensitive material
JPS495044A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1972-04-27 1974-01-17
JPS4919742U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1972-05-22 1974-02-19
JPS504735U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1973-05-09 1975-01-18
JPS5011438A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1973-05-23 1975-02-05
JPS5011239A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1973-05-31 1975-02-05
JPS5048639U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1973-08-29 1975-05-14
US4110029A (en) * 1973-09-27 1978-08-29 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid developer for an electrostatic copying device
JPS5076837U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1973-11-15 1975-07-04
US4010288A (en) * 1974-10-04 1977-03-01 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Method of preventing evaporation of liquid on an image-bearing member
US4013039A (en) * 1976-09-02 1977-03-22 International Business Machines Corporation Wet processing PH control
JPS5340251U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1976-09-10 1978-04-07
JPS52152240A (en) * 1977-06-20 1977-12-17 Canon Inc Replenishing device for developer liquid for copier
JPS54186Y1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1977-10-06 1979-01-08
US4304179A (en) * 1978-12-15 1981-12-08 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Marking method and device
JPS56116063A (en) * 1980-10-06 1981-09-11 Canon Inc Liquid developing device
USD306034S (en) 1987-06-15 1990-02-13 Auger Frederic P Chemical mixer

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1155610A (en) 1969-06-18
DE1522554A1 (de) 1969-09-18
DE1522554B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-04-30

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