US3366215A - Single rack backspace - Google Patents

Single rack backspace Download PDF

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Publication number
US3366215A
US3366215A US475430A US47543065A US3366215A US 3366215 A US3366215 A US 3366215A US 475430 A US475430 A US 475430A US 47543065 A US47543065 A US 47543065A US 3366215 A US3366215 A US 3366215A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
rack
pawl
carrier
escapement
movement
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US475430A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Richard E Hosey
Jerome B O'daniel
Richard J Young
Donald A Decker
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
International Business Machines Corp
Original Assignee
International Business Machines Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by International Business Machines Corp filed Critical International Business Machines Corp
Priority to US475430A priority Critical patent/US3366215A/en
Priority to GB27907/66A priority patent/GB1078448A/en
Priority to NL666609411A priority patent/NL144867B/xx
Priority to BE684205D priority patent/BE684205A/xx
Priority to DE19661561228 priority patent/DE1561228B1/de
Priority to AT687066A priority patent/AT267556B/de
Priority to CH1060566A priority patent/CH437371A/de
Priority to ES0329518A priority patent/ES329518A1/es
Priority to SE10262/66A priority patent/SE325281B/xx
Priority to FR7950A priority patent/FR1487055A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3366215A publication Critical patent/US3366215A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J19/00—Character- or line-spacing mechanisms
    • B41J19/18—Character-spacing or back-spacing mechanisms; Carriage return or release devices therefor
    • B41J19/60—Auxiliary feed or adjustment devices
    • B41J19/62—Auxiliary feed or adjustment devices for back spacing

Definitions

  • Movement of a printing station is ordinarily accomplished by a continuously applied source of energy and an es-capement mechanism for selectively permitting movement under the influence of the source of energy.
  • Conventional escapement mechanisms include a pair of pawls that operate on the principle of a verge, such that one pawl holds the escapement gear while the other pawl moves to a new position thereon, and vice versa.
  • -U.S. Patent 3,126,998 entitled Escapement Mechanism for Typewriter, issued to Leon E. Palmer, Mar. 31, 1964 there is described an escapement system wherein normal escapement control is accomplished by a single pawl that is withdrawn from an escapement gear for a predetermined period of time and then reinserted to permit an escapement movement determined by the period of time.
  • the backspace or rearward stepping movement associated in practice with the mechanism of the prior patent employs a separate backspace rack and pawl for driving the printing station rearwardly where it is held by the main escapement rack and pawl while the backspace mechanism is restored.
  • This invention eliminates the need for separate forward and rearward escapemen-t racks and relies on the differential mass, as stated above, to retain the printing station fixed during restoration from a backspacing operation.
  • This concept is implemented by the provision of a powered actuating mechanism for operational control of the back-space mechanism whereby the printing station is first moved rearwardly by machine power storing energy in appropriately located springs. After specified movement, the power is abruptly released or unloaded permiting reverse acceleration of the parts by the springs.
  • the lower mass control part will accelerate much faster than the higher mass printing component, thus permitting restoration of the control part without positive mechanical retention of the printing component.
  • Another object of this invention has been to provide an escapement control mechanism that is compact as well as simple in construction, to provide savings of space as well as cost.
  • a further object of this invention has been to provide mechanism for manually adjusting the printing station location for correction of errors requiring an extraordinary spacing, such as crowding or expanding the length of words.
  • FIGURE 1 is a rear perspective view of printing mechanism employing this invention, partially broken away and somewhat simplified for ease of understanding;
  • FIGURES 2, A, B, and C are partial schematic operational plan views of mechanism similar to that shown in FIGURE 1 illustrating the major operational steps of a backspace operation.
  • FIGURE 1 a printing device 10, such as a typewriter or printer component of a communicating or computing machine, is shown comprising a stationary frame or supporting part 11, on which is mounted a conventional platen or other printing media support means 12.
  • the platen 12 is mounted for rotation on the frame, but is held laterally fixed relative thereto.
  • the platen 12 cooperates with print forming means such as a typehead 13, as described in US. Patent 2,919,002, entitled Selection Mechanism for a Single Printing Element Typewriter, issued to Leon E. Palmer, Dec. 29, 1959, to cause printing at a printing station or zone S.
  • the typehead 13 is shown supported on a carriage or carrier 14 that is movable laterally upon a stationary guide bar or track 15. It is to be understood, however, that this invention is equally applicable to mechanism having a stationary typehead and a carriage mounted platen as in the case of most typebar typewriters.
  • the carrier 14 is normally driven in a forward lateral direction indicated by the arrow F by carrier moving means including a coil spring motor or stored energy bearing means 21 having a spring 22 that is connected to the carrier 14 by suitable cord or cable 23 which is wound about capstan 2.4.
  • a constantly rotating motor 25 connected to a power shaft 26 through a belt transmission 27 supplies power for driving the carrier 14 in a rearward lateral direction, as indicated by the arrow R to provide, for example, a carrier return, and for winding the coil spring 22.
  • a selectively operable spring clutch 28 controlled by mechanism (not shown) selectively connects a spring motor shaft 29 with the power shaft 26 for producing reverse movement of the carrier 14.
  • the control mechanism for clutch 28 can be like that disclosed in US. Patent 2,902,133, entitled Typewriter Carriage Return and Indexing Mechanism, issued to Neil D. Walton and Henry R. Kruspe, Sept. 1, 1961.
  • Normal letter feeding escapement of the carriage 14, i.e., step-by-step movement of the carriage in the forward lateral direction as indicated by arrow F, is controlled by mechanism substantially like that shown in U.S. Patent 3,126,998 mentioned above.
  • the normal escapement control mechanism of this invention comprises a pair of cscapement control members, viz. a multitoothed escapement gear or rack member 31 that extends substantially the full length of carrier movement, and for purposes of normal escapement, is held stationary with respect to the frame 11, and an escapement pawl member 32 that is supported .by pivot stud 33 on the carrier 14 for movement therewith. Pawl 32 is biased by a spring 34 into normal engagement with the teeth of the rack 31.
  • the teeth of the rack 31 are constructed to provide one fiat or holding face 31a (see FIGURE 2A) and a permis sive movement, ratcheting or cam face 31b. These faces cooperate with respective forward and rearward pawl surfaces 32a. and 32b.
  • Rack-tooth holding face 31a and pawl surface 32a provide an effective force transmitting abutment to resist any tendency for relative lateral movement between the rack 31 and the pawl 32.
  • racktooth camming face 311) and pawl cumming surface 325 cooperate by a camming or ratcheting engagement which is ineffective to prevent relative lateral motion between the rack 31 and the pawl 32.
  • the pawl 32 is provided with a finger 35 that overlies a trigger bail 41 so as to be actuatable thereby at any location along the length of the platen 12.
  • the trigger bail 41 is pivotally mounted by a stud 42 on the frame 11 and is biased by a spring 43 to a normal permit-pawl-in-rack position.
  • Trigger lever 44 operates under the influence of an escapement cycle cam 45 that is driven by the power shaft 26 upon operation of a selectively operable spring clutch 46 substantially as described in the aforesaid U.S. Patent No. 3,126,998.
  • Trigger lever 44 is selectively driven through follower 44a, connecting link 4412 and rock arm 44c, and pivots bail 41 clockwise for a predetermined time period until a hook finger 44d overruns bail trigger plate 41a.
  • bail 41 is restored to its normal position by spring 43.
  • the tilting of escapement bail 41 pulls the pawl 32 out of the rack 31, allowing the spring 22 to pull the cable 23 and move the carriage 14 in forward lateral direction F.
  • the timed release of the escapement bail 41 causes the pawl 32 to drop into the next rack tooth and abut a surface 31a to halt the forward movement.
  • FIGURE 1 shows a key lever 48 having a latching shoulder 48a that is biased .by a spring 49 into clutch arresting or disengaging cooperation with the clutch 46. It will be seen that depression of the space bar 47 will cause the latching shoulder 48a to release the spring clutch 46 providing driving connection between the shaft 26 and the cam 45 to cause an operation of the trigger lever 44. The space bar 47 is released immediately after depression allowing the spring 49 to restore the latch 48a to an upward position where it arrests the spring clutch 46 after 180 of rotation. It is to be understood that more sophisticated key lever mechanisms such as that of U.S. Patent No. 3,126,998 can be interchanged with that shown herein without departing from the scope of this invention.
  • Step-by-step back spacing i.e., movement of the carrier 14 in the lateral direction of arrow R (see FIGURE 2A)
  • Step-by-step back spacing i.e., movement of the carrier 14 in the lateral direction of arrow R (see FIGURE 2A)
  • the rack 31 is mounted by screws or studs 36 On the frame 11 which ride in rack slots 37 to permit limited lateral movement thereof.
  • a normally non-operative spring or similar resilient means 38 is connected to the rack 31 to urge when operative, the rack teeth cam faces 31b against and past pawl cam surface 32b.
  • Selectively operable actuating means 50 comprising a spring clutch 51, backspace cycle cam 52 having a high acceleration surface or contour 52a for abrupt rack unloading, a follower 53 biased thereagainst by spring 53a, pull rod 54, floating link 55, and connecting links 56a and 56b, is operative to force the escapement rack 31 back one space from datum D (see FIGURE 213), thus driving the carriagc 14 back one space through interaction of rack-tooth face 31a and pawl tooth surface 320.
  • the actuating mechanism automatically (due to cam contour 52a) causes an abrupt release or unloading of the rack 31.
  • the carriage 14 is tending to move in the forward lateral direction F under the influence of coil Spring 22 since the rack 31 is no longer held stationary by studs 36.
  • the rack 31 is also tending to accelerate to the left of FIGURE 1 under the influence of its spring 38.
  • the rack 31 has much less mass than the carriage 14 and thus is capable of much more rapid acceleration than carriage 14. Accordingly, the rack 31 escapes to the left past the pawl 32 thus locating the pawl in a succeeding rack-tooth 31 and effectively preventing return movement of the carrier 14 (see FIGURE 2C).
  • the carrier 14 is now positioned one step rearwardly from its starting position.
  • a backspace key 57 is mounted on a simplified key lever 58 having a latching shoulder 58a that is biased by spring means 59 into engagement with the clutch 51 to control operation of the backspace mechanism in a manner similar to that described in connection with the normal escapement control.
  • This invention includes rack displacement means 60 comprising a printing station adjustment control lever 61 pivoted at 62 to the frame 11 and connected to an end a of the link 55 by positioning connection 63.
  • Link 55 and link 56a connected thereto are thus manually movable to the left of FIGURE 1 to thereby pivot the link 56b clockwise and displace the rack 31 slightly to the right or in the rearward lateral direction as necessary to provide a modified spacing.
  • Friction holding means such as a high friction surface 64 is provided to maintain the displacement during a print cycle, for example.
  • this invention provides a simplified, highly reliable escapement control mechanism for producing both forward and rearward escapement control with a single rack and paw].
  • selectable alternative single racks and single pawls could be employed to provide multiple pitch operation, without departing from the single rack concept disclosed herein.
  • much of the same mechanism employed to perform the back spacing operation is employed to provide a manually selectable printing station adjustment to add a new dimension in flexibility for operator convenience.
  • a pawl member having a holding surface and an op posed camming surface
  • gear member having a plurality of adjacent teeth each having a holding face and an opposed camming face for cooperating respectively with the holding surface and camming surface of said pawl member
  • one of said pawl and said gear members having a low mass with respect to the carrier and being movably supported on the frame
  • resilient urging means operatively connected to said one member independently of the carrier and oriented for urging said pawl camming surface toward cooperation with a gear-tooth camming face
  • actuating means drivingly connected to said one member independently of the carrier for moving said one member against said resilient urging means and transmitting force between said pawl holding surface and a gear tooth holding face to displace the carrier laterally in one direction with respect to the frame, said actuating means including means for abruptly unloading said one member to render said resilient urging means operative to cause relative movement of a tooth camming face of said gear member against and past the camming surface of said pawl member.
  • said multitooth gear member is a rectilinear rack extending substantially along the entire range of movement of the laterally movable carrier.
  • said pawl member disconnecting means comprises a trigger, a first cam operatively connected to said trigger for driving said trigger through an operating cycle, and a second selectively operable clutch for connecting said first cam to said constantly rotating shaft,
  • said selectively operable actuating means comprises a second cam, a follower for said second cam, means connecting said follower to said one of said pawl and said gear members, said second cam having a contour causing abrupt unloading of said one of said pawl and said gear members, and a third selectively operable clutch for connecting said second cam to said constantly rotating shaft.

Landscapes

  • Character Spaces And Line Spaces In Printers (AREA)
  • Folding Of Thin Sheet-Like Materials, Special Discharging Devices, And Others (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
US475430A 1965-07-28 1965-07-28 Single rack backspace Expired - Lifetime US3366215A (en)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US475430A US3366215A (en) 1965-07-28 1965-07-28 Single rack backspace
GB27907/66A GB1078448A (en) 1965-07-28 1966-06-22 Printer
NL666609411A NL144867B (nl) 1965-07-28 1966-07-06 Spatieterugmechanisme.
BE684205D BE684205A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1965-07-28 1966-07-15
DE19661561228 DE1561228B1 (de) 1965-07-28 1966-07-16 Schrittschaltvorrichtung fuer Schreib- und aehnliche Maschinen
AT687066A AT267556B (de) 1965-07-28 1966-07-18 Schrittschaltvorrichtung
CH1060566A CH437371A (de) 1965-07-28 1966-07-21 Schrittschaltvorrichtung für Schreib- und ähnliche Maschinen
ES0329518A ES329518A1 (es) 1965-07-28 1966-07-27 Dispositivo de escribir.
SE10262/66A SE325281B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1965-07-28 1966-07-28
FR7950A FR1487055A (fr) 1965-07-28 1967-06-30 Dispositif de rappel en arrière à crémaillère unique

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US475430A US3366215A (en) 1965-07-28 1965-07-28 Single rack backspace

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3366215A true US3366215A (en) 1968-01-30

Family

ID=23887533

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US475430A Expired - Lifetime US3366215A (en) 1965-07-28 1965-07-28 Single rack backspace

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US3366215A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) AT267556B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE684205A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH437371A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1561228B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES329518A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR1487055A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1078448A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL144867B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE325281B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3490572A (en) * 1967-10-02 1970-01-20 Singer Co Print head carrier drive structure employing same clutch for carrier return and backspace
US3618736A (en) * 1969-12-22 1971-11-09 Ibm Variable force impact printer with backspace mechanism
US3670861A (en) * 1970-09-10 1972-06-20 Extel Corp Carriage drive for high speed printer
US3739899A (en) * 1970-08-03 1973-06-19 Ibm Carriage indexing mechanism
US3819028A (en) * 1970-05-28 1974-06-25 Int Teleprinter Corp Stepping mechanism for teleprinter
US3893561A (en) * 1973-11-23 1975-07-08 Ibm Half backspace for dual pitch typewriter
US4552474A (en) * 1980-08-11 1985-11-12 Tokyo Juki Industrial Co., Ltd. Backspace device in typewriter

Citations (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US580014A (en) * 1897-04-06 Type-writing machine
US633139A (en) * 1898-05-24 1899-09-19 Thomas A Killman Type-writing machine.
US913306A (en) * 1909-02-23 American Typographic Corp Key mechanism for typographic machines.
GB190929363A (en) * 1909-12-15 1910-07-07 Hidalgo Moya Improvements in or relating to Back-spacing Mechanism for the Carriages of Typewriters.
US1254501A (en) * 1915-02-04 1918-01-22 Rex Typewriter Company Type-writing machine.
US1639199A (en) * 1923-12-21 1927-08-16 Peeters Henry Back-spacing mechanism for typewriters
US1798610A (en) * 1927-04-26 1931-03-31 Remington Rand Inc Back-space and column-normalizing mechanism for card-perforating machines
US2522896A (en) * 1946-12-02 1950-09-19 Frez O Mat Corp Merchandise dispensing device
US2577467A (en) * 1949-09-13 1951-12-04 Royal Typewriter Co Inc Back spacing mechanism operating means for typewriting or like machines
US2741355A (en) * 1953-06-04 1956-04-10 Ibm Floating escapement mechanism
US2818958A (en) * 1955-12-29 1958-01-07 Ibm Escapement pawl control
US2902133A (en) * 1957-12-30 1959-09-01 Ibm Typewriter carriage return and indexing mechanism
US2919002A (en) * 1957-04-19 1959-12-29 Ibm Selection mechanism for a single printing element typewriter
US3126998A (en) * 1964-03-31 palmer
US3263793A (en) * 1964-02-25 1966-08-02 Royal Typewriter Co Inc Platen indexing mechanism

Patent Citations (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3126998A (en) * 1964-03-31 palmer
US913306A (en) * 1909-02-23 American Typographic Corp Key mechanism for typographic machines.
US580014A (en) * 1897-04-06 Type-writing machine
US633139A (en) * 1898-05-24 1899-09-19 Thomas A Killman Type-writing machine.
GB190929363A (en) * 1909-12-15 1910-07-07 Hidalgo Moya Improvements in or relating to Back-spacing Mechanism for the Carriages of Typewriters.
US1254501A (en) * 1915-02-04 1918-01-22 Rex Typewriter Company Type-writing machine.
US1639199A (en) * 1923-12-21 1927-08-16 Peeters Henry Back-spacing mechanism for typewriters
US1798610A (en) * 1927-04-26 1931-03-31 Remington Rand Inc Back-space and column-normalizing mechanism for card-perforating machines
US2522896A (en) * 1946-12-02 1950-09-19 Frez O Mat Corp Merchandise dispensing device
US2577467A (en) * 1949-09-13 1951-12-04 Royal Typewriter Co Inc Back spacing mechanism operating means for typewriting or like machines
US2741355A (en) * 1953-06-04 1956-04-10 Ibm Floating escapement mechanism
US2818958A (en) * 1955-12-29 1958-01-07 Ibm Escapement pawl control
US2919002A (en) * 1957-04-19 1959-12-29 Ibm Selection mechanism for a single printing element typewriter
US2902133A (en) * 1957-12-30 1959-09-01 Ibm Typewriter carriage return and indexing mechanism
US3263793A (en) * 1964-02-25 1966-08-02 Royal Typewriter Co Inc Platen indexing mechanism

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3490572A (en) * 1967-10-02 1970-01-20 Singer Co Print head carrier drive structure employing same clutch for carrier return and backspace
US3618736A (en) * 1969-12-22 1971-11-09 Ibm Variable force impact printer with backspace mechanism
US3819028A (en) * 1970-05-28 1974-06-25 Int Teleprinter Corp Stepping mechanism for teleprinter
US3739899A (en) * 1970-08-03 1973-06-19 Ibm Carriage indexing mechanism
US3670861A (en) * 1970-09-10 1972-06-20 Extel Corp Carriage drive for high speed printer
US3893561A (en) * 1973-11-23 1975-07-08 Ibm Half backspace for dual pitch typewriter
US4552474A (en) * 1980-08-11 1985-11-12 Tokyo Juki Industrial Co., Ltd. Backspace device in typewriter

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE684205A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1966-12-16
GB1078448A (en) 1967-08-09
DE1561228B1 (de) 1969-09-18
CH437371A (de) 1967-06-15
AT267556B (de) 1969-01-10
NL6609411A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1967-01-30
SE325281B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-06-29
FR1487055A (fr) 1967-06-30
NL144867B (nl) 1975-02-17
ES329518A1 (es) 1967-05-16

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