US3365860A - Method and apparatus for treating liquids with gases - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for treating liquids with gases Download PDF

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Publication number
US3365860A
US3365860A US529908A US52990866A US3365860A US 3365860 A US3365860 A US 3365860A US 529908 A US529908 A US 529908A US 52990866 A US52990866 A US 52990866A US 3365860 A US3365860 A US 3365860A
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Prior art keywords
steam
duct
oil
vat
emulsion
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Expired - Lifetime
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US529908A
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English (en)
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Boris Jean-Mathieu
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OLEOSTIN
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OLEOSTIN
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
    • C11B3/12—Refining fats or fatty oils by distillation
    • C11B3/14—Refining fats or fatty oils by distillation with the use of indifferent gases or vapours, e.g. steam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/232—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using flow-mixing means for introducing the gases, e.g. baffles
    • B01F23/2323—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using flow-mixing means for introducing the gases, e.g. baffles by circulating the flow in guiding constructions or conduits
    • B01F23/23231—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using flow-mixing means for introducing the gases, e.g. baffles by circulating the flow in guiding constructions or conduits being at least partially immersed in the liquid, e.g. in a closed circuit
    • B01F23/232311—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using flow-mixing means for introducing the gases, e.g. baffles by circulating the flow in guiding constructions or conduits being at least partially immersed in the liquid, e.g. in a closed circuit the conduits being vertical draft pipes with a lower intake end and an upper exit end
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/2366—Parts; Accessories
    • B01F23/2368—Mixing receptacles, e.g. tanks, vessels or reactors, being completely closed, e.g. hermetically closed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/237—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids characterised by the physical or chemical properties of gases or vapours introduced in the liquid media
    • B01F23/2376—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids characterised by the physical or chemical properties of gases or vapours introduced in the liquid media characterised by the gas being introduced
    • B01F23/23767—Introducing steam or damp in liquids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/40—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
    • B01F23/45—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying using flow mixing
    • B01F23/454—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying using flow mixing by injecting a mixture of liquid and gas
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/30—Driving arrangements; Transmissions; Couplings; Brakes
    • B01F35/32—Driving arrangements
    • B01F35/32005—Type of drive
    • B01F35/3203—Gas driven
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/90—Heating or cooling systems
    • B01F35/93—Heating or cooling systems arranged inside the receptacle
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
    • C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
    • C11C3/12—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by hydrogenation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F2101/00—Mixing characterised by the nature of the mixed materials or by the application field
    • B01F2101/40—Mixing of ingredients for oils, fats or waxes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/30—Driving arrangements; Transmissions; Couplings; Brakes
    • B01F35/32—Driving arrangements
    • B01F35/32005—Type of drive
    • B01F35/32015—Flow driven

Definitions

  • the present invention relates primarily to an apparatus intended for improving gas-liquid contacts and notably deodorizing oils by the socalled steam stripping process or the hydrogenization of fatty substances.
  • the steam-stripping oil deodorizing process consists essentially in eliminating the odorous components in a steam current by distillation under reduced pressure and at a relatively high temperature.
  • the quantity of steam implemented ranges as a rule from 175 to 225 cu. ft. of steam per pound of oil to be treated.
  • This apparatus is remarkable notably in that throttling means are provided in the lower portion of said duct for controlling the rate of feed of the oil in troduced into it, whereby the density of the emulsion column produced in said duct can be kept at a relatively low value, preferably below one-tenth of that of the treated liquid.
  • a very fine emulsion of steam and oil in controlled proportions is created at the base of said duct, the oil input being adjusted by said throttling means, and the steam input by other means disposed for example externally of the vat.
  • the pressure obtaining at the injection point is of the order of 25 mm. Hg, that is, consistent with the requirements of a satisfactory distillation, these conditions being maintained throughout the time in which the steam contacts the liquid to the top of said duct.
  • the pressure at the injection point is of the order of 5 mm.I-Ig.
  • FIGURE 1 illustrates diagrammatically in fragmentary axial section an oil deodorizing apparatus constructed according to the teachings of this invention
  • FIGURE 2 is a cross-section taken upon the line IIII of FIGURE 1;
  • FIGURE 3 is another-fragmentary axial section showing on a larger scale the lower portion of one of the ducts incorporated in the apparatus of FIGURE 1, ac cording to a first form of embodiment;
  • FIGURE 4 illustrates in axial section the lower portion of one of the ducts of the apparatus of FIGURE 1 but according to a modified form of embodiment
  • FIGURE 5 illustrates in axial section the lower portion of one of the ducts of the apparatus of FIGURE 1 but according to a third form of embodiment
  • FIGURE 6 illustrates in axial section an apparatus comprising a non-rectilinear duct according to a modified construction
  • FIGURE 7 illustrates in longitudinal vertical section a deodorizing apparatus designed for continuous operation, according to this invention
  • FIGURE 8 is a horizontal section taken upon the line VIII-VIII of FIGURE 7.
  • an apparatus for improving the gas-liquid contacts comprises a vat it of which the upper portion broken away in the drawing is connected to a vacuum pump or like suction unit.
  • the chain-dotted line 12 designates the oil level in the vast- It).
  • This oil is introduced into the vat 1d through a bent pipe 14 and heated by a coil system comprising two coaxial series of turns 16 and 13, this heater being adapted to heat the oil at a temperature of the order of 300 to 390 F. to 200 C.)
  • this vat 1d Mounted at spaced intervals in. this vat 1d are four cylindrical ducts or chimneys 20 open at their lower and upper ends, and provided with baffle means 22 overlying their upper ends. These ducts 20 are retained in position at their lower and upper ends by a strip-iron and tie-rod system (not shown) co-acting with the lateral walls and the bottom of the vat.
  • the oil is deodorized by causing it to contact steam injected into the lower portion of the ducts 29 to create a fine emulsion therein.
  • the steam is introduced into each duct through the branch pipes 24 of a vertical feed line 26 disposed centrally of the vat.
  • FIGURE 3 shows in axial section the lower portion of one of the ducts of FIGURE 1.
  • a sleeve-like body of revolution 28 constituting a lower convergent 30 connected through an intermediate throttling 34 to an upper divergent 32.
  • Slightly upstream of this throttling 34 is the outlet nozzle 36 formed by the upper end of the steam feed line 24.
  • the convergent 30 has a relatively wide vertex angle and the divergent 32 has a relatively small vertex angle, in order to improve the power recovery.
  • FIGURE 4 illustrates in axial section the lower portion of one of the ducts of FIGURE 1, according to a modified form of embodiment.
  • the lower portion of duct 20 is closed by a transverse plate 46: in which a central orifice 42 is formed.
  • the means used for injecting steam into the device consists of a relatively thick assembly comprising two annular coaxial stacked plates 46 and 48, the former or lower plate 46 comprising an annular groove 50 constituting a steam header for distributing the steam to a series of radial grooves 52 opening into the central aperture of the annular assembly -46, 48, these grooves being covered by the lid-forming upper plate 48.
  • the annular groove 50 is connected through a branch pipe 54 to the steam feed line 24 which, in this example, is passed through the lateral wall of duct 20.
  • a perforated plate or grid 56 Overlying, and spaced from, the annular assembly 46, 4-8 is a perforated plate or grid 56 through which the emulsion is caused to how upwardly during the operation of the apparatus.
  • FIGURE 5 shows another form of embodiment of this invention wherein the duct 250 closed at its bottom by a plate 58 formed with a central orifice 69 comprises an injection system consisting of a substantially cylindrical box-like assembly 62 disposed coaxially to the inner space of said duct and provided with a lid 5'4 crimped or otherwise secured to the lateral walls of said box-like assembly 62; this lid 64 consists of a porous material adapted to divide the steam into very fine bubbles in order to produce a perfect emulsion.
  • the box-like assembly 62 is supplied with steam through a pipe 66 mounted in this example through the lower portion of the lateral wall of duct 20.
  • adjustable throttling means such as valves or the like for the plate 46 of FIG- URE 4, and 58 of FIGURE 5.
  • FIGURE -6 illustrates another form of embodiment of an emulsionduct wherein this duct is of sinuous configuration in order to increase the length of the path followed by the emulsion up the duct.
  • the apparatus shown in FIGURE 6 comprises a vat 70 heated by a coil system 72 and conected through a pipe 74 to suction means (not shown). Oil is fed thereto through a pipe 76.
  • a duct 78 provided at its top with a suitable bafi'le member 8d has the shape of a long-pitched spiral.
  • Fastening means (not shown) are provided at the top and bottom of the duct. Steam is injected through injection means of the type set forth hereinabove with reference to FIGURES 3 to 5 into the duct 78.
  • turns of the duct shown in FIGURE 6 may have any other suitable configuration in lieu of the spiral shape illustrated.
  • the turns may be coplanar.
  • the emulsion path through the duct may be increased by inclining a straight duct mounted in the vat.
  • the dimensions of the throttling means may be so calculated that, considering the steam input injected into the duct, the oil input supplied through said throttling will permit of maintaining an emulsion column of relatively and sufiiciently low density, preferably less than one-tenth of the density f the treated liquid.
  • FIGURES 7 and 8 illustrate a continuous oil treatment plant or apparatus comprising emulsion ducts of the type described with reference to FIGURES 3 to 5 of the drawings and disposed in series.
  • the reference numeral 9t designates the treatment vat and 92a, 9211, 20 9211 are a series of substantially vertical ducts aligned in said vat 9t) and held in position by suitable fastening means (such as tierods), not shown in the drawing.
  • suitable fastening means such as tierods
  • These ducts fizz, 92b, 92c 9211 are separated from one another by vertical Water-tight partitions 94a, 94b, 94c 9411 and include at their tops baffle members 96a, S tb, 6c 96:2
  • battle members 96a, 9&1), Q60 9611 have in plan view an elongated shape and extend partly beyond the relevant partitions 94a, 9411, $40 9411, respectively.
  • the oil to be treated is introduced into the vat by means of a pipe line 10% opening into a first compartment bounded by the lateral wall of the vat and by the first partition 94a.
  • the treated oil is discharged from the last compartment of the apparatus by means of a drain pipe 164, this last compartment being bounded by the lateral wall of the vat and by the last inner partition 9411.
  • Steam is introduced through a manifold pipe 1% passing in a fluid-tight manner through the wall of said vat 9t and through each inner partition 94a, 94b, 94c 412 and leading to injection nozzles litia, 111911, Title 11%.
  • the steam injection nozzles have their outlet orifices disposed slightly upstream of the corresponding throttling of the diver ent-convergent system 1% mounted in the lower portion of the ducts, but it would not constitute a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention to resort to other means, for example those illustrated in FIGURES 4 and 5.
  • This apparatus operates as follows:
  • the oil introduced through the pipe 130 into the first compartment of the vat penetrates into the duct 92a as shown by the arrow.
  • the very low-density emulsion created at the outlet of the convergent-divergent 166 as a consequence of the injection of steam through the injection nozzle a rises in the duct 92:: and falls into the second compartment formed between partitions 94a and 94b.
  • the emulsion guided by the bathe member -Sa is thus prevented from falling back into the first com partinent.
  • the oil to be treated passes in succession through the different ducts 92a, 92b, 92c 92a and then into the last compartment from which it is discharged through the drain pipe 31M.
  • the various apparatus constituting the subject-matter of the present invention may also advantageously be used for hydrogenizing various substances, notably fatty substances.
  • the continuous apparatus according to this invention may be used as a hydrogenizer under foamy conditions and in this case it will provide contact times 4 to 20 times shorter than those required with known continuous apparatus for a same coefiicient of selectivity.
  • Method for deodorizing an alimentary oil with steam comprising introducing oil into an enclosed tank, said tank containing at least one substantially vertical open ended duct spaced from the top and bottom of said tank and a bathe member overlying the top of said duct with a convergent-divergent unit housed in the lower portion of said duct having a relatively narrow intermediate throttling, said convergent-divergent unit having a pressure steam injection nozzle opening axially thereinto slightly upstream of said throttling, filling said tank with said oil to a sufiicient height for the surface of said oil to be above the top of said duct and spaced from the top of said tank, creating a vacuum within said tank, introducing steam into the open end of the base of said duct to form an emulsion of said oil and said steam, controlling the input of said steam and the flow of said oil into said duct to provide said emulsion with a density less than one-tenth that of said oil and an injection pressure of said steam no greater than 25 mm

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
US529908A 1965-02-06 1966-02-03 Method and apparatus for treating liquids with gases Expired - Lifetime US3365860A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
LU47922 1965-02-06

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US (1) US3365860A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR1467489A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1139831A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
LU (1) LU47922A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3769162A (en) * 1971-08-26 1973-10-30 R Brumfield Blood oxygenator and thermoregulator apparatus
US3770384A (en) * 1971-11-29 1973-11-06 R Brumfield Two-phase fluid flow guide for blood oxygenator
US3941862A (en) * 1973-12-11 1976-03-02 Hudson Oxygen Therapy Sales Company Gas diffusing assembly
US3966559A (en) * 1973-10-31 1976-06-29 Extraction De Smet Apparatus for deodorizing oil and similar material
WO1979000895A1 (en) * 1978-04-06 1979-11-15 W Webb Water treating device
US4198359A (en) * 1976-07-26 1980-04-15 Todd John J Apparatus for gasification of liquids
EP0339706A3 (de) * 1988-04-27 1991-09-11 Metallgesellschaft Ag Vorrichtung zum Desodorieren von organischen Flüssigkeiten
US20050056951A1 (en) * 2002-01-28 2005-03-17 Wynes Anthony G. Mixing apparatus
US10266423B2 (en) * 2014-11-07 2019-04-23 Anaergia Inc. Ammonia stripper
US10589486B2 (en) 2013-10-13 2020-03-17 Anaergia B.V. Device and method for pressing organic material out of waste

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2163303A (en) * 1935-08-09 1939-06-20 Extractol Process Ltd Process for separating solvent from oil in miscella and like mixtures
US2273852A (en) * 1940-08-01 1942-02-24 Pan American Lab Inc Gas generator
US2715521A (en) * 1952-06-13 1955-08-16 Tatibana Hideo Air washer and conditioner
US2919232A (en) * 1957-05-27 1959-12-29 Armour & Co Batch deodorizer
US3054602A (en) * 1958-05-05 1962-09-18 Chester F Produman Apparatus for treatment of sewage
US3129076A (en) * 1960-02-12 1964-04-14 Extraction Continue De Smet Method for deodorizing oil and similar materials, and apparatus for the working thereof

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2163303A (en) * 1935-08-09 1939-06-20 Extractol Process Ltd Process for separating solvent from oil in miscella and like mixtures
US2273852A (en) * 1940-08-01 1942-02-24 Pan American Lab Inc Gas generator
US2715521A (en) * 1952-06-13 1955-08-16 Tatibana Hideo Air washer and conditioner
US2919232A (en) * 1957-05-27 1959-12-29 Armour & Co Batch deodorizer
US3054602A (en) * 1958-05-05 1962-09-18 Chester F Produman Apparatus for treatment of sewage
US3129076A (en) * 1960-02-12 1964-04-14 Extraction Continue De Smet Method for deodorizing oil and similar materials, and apparatus for the working thereof

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3769162A (en) * 1971-08-26 1973-10-30 R Brumfield Blood oxygenator and thermoregulator apparatus
US3770384A (en) * 1971-11-29 1973-11-06 R Brumfield Two-phase fluid flow guide for blood oxygenator
US3966559A (en) * 1973-10-31 1976-06-29 Extraction De Smet Apparatus for deodorizing oil and similar material
US3941862A (en) * 1973-12-11 1976-03-02 Hudson Oxygen Therapy Sales Company Gas diffusing assembly
US4198359A (en) * 1976-07-26 1980-04-15 Todd John J Apparatus for gasification of liquids
US4210613A (en) * 1978-04-06 1980-07-01 Webb William G Water treating device
WO1979000895A1 (en) * 1978-04-06 1979-11-15 W Webb Water treating device
EP0339706A3 (de) * 1988-04-27 1991-09-11 Metallgesellschaft Ag Vorrichtung zum Desodorieren von organischen Flüssigkeiten
US20050056951A1 (en) * 2002-01-28 2005-03-17 Wynes Anthony G. Mixing apparatus
US7240897B2 (en) 2002-01-28 2007-07-10 Wynes Anthony G Mixing apparatus
US10589486B2 (en) 2013-10-13 2020-03-17 Anaergia B.V. Device and method for pressing organic material out of waste
US11458701B2 (en) 2013-10-13 2022-10-04 Anaergia B.V. Device and method for pressing organic material out of waste
US10266423B2 (en) * 2014-11-07 2019-04-23 Anaergia Inc. Ammonia stripper

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
LU47922A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1966-08-06
FR1467489A (fr) 1967-01-27
GB1139831A (en) 1969-01-15

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