US3362698A - Refractory lining structure for a rotary kiln - Google Patents

Refractory lining structure for a rotary kiln Download PDF

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Publication number
US3362698A
US3362698A US523167A US52316766A US3362698A US 3362698 A US3362698 A US 3362698A US 523167 A US523167 A US 523167A US 52316766 A US52316766 A US 52316766A US 3362698 A US3362698 A US 3362698A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
brick
bricks
shell
rings
holders
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US523167A
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English (en)
Inventor
James J Cerny
Louis H Hosbein
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MH Detrick Co
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MH Detrick Co
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by MH Detrick Co filed Critical MH Detrick Co
Priority to US523167A priority Critical patent/US3362698A/en
Priority to GB817/67A priority patent/GB1142431A/en
Priority to FR92169A priority patent/FR1509420A/fr
Priority to BE693167D priority patent/BE693167A/xx
Priority to DE19671558034 priority patent/DE1558034B1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3362698A publication Critical patent/US3362698A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F27B7/20—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to rotary-drum furnaces
    • F27B7/28—Arrangements of linings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/14—Supports for linings
    • F27D1/145—Assembling elements
    • F27D1/147—Assembling elements for bricks

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a refractory lining structure for a rotary kiln, and more particularly to a lining structure including both refractory bricks and insulating refractory material. The latter is disposed between the refractory bricks and the cylindrical metal she-ll of the kiln.
  • Rotary kilns desirably are provided with refractory linings which are as durable as possible for the reason that closing down a kiln for repair or replacement of the lining is highly uneconomical. It, therefore, is essential that the refractory bricks and insulating material be secured firmly in position so as to prevent damaging relative movement with the cylindrical shell and each other.
  • the prior art kiln linings commonly used are expensiVe to install and subject to frequent repair and replacement.
  • the conventional prior kiln lining involves first the application of insulating material on the lower portion of the shell interior, and thereafter loosely installing the refractory bricks on the insulating material. This lining portion then is shored in place temporarily with framing and jacks, and thereafter the kiln is rotated sutficiently to install the remainder of the lining. Before the shoring is removed, steel plates are driven between the bricks to wedge the bricks together tightly in the cylindrical shell. The forces developed by the wedging procedure hold the bricks in place.
  • One object of this invention is to provide a lining wherein each refractory brick is supported individually in a manner whereby it may not move inwardly or outwardly of the kiln, or rotationally relative to the shell.
  • the refractory insulating material lying in the annular space between the brick lining and the shell is not subjected to stresses which lead to loss of insulating value and premature disintegration.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a refractory lining structure for a rotary kiln which eliminates the need for shoring during installation, and wherein the use of wedging is avoided.
  • Still another object of the invention is to provide a refractory lining structure for a rotary kiln which may be installed relatively rapidly, and which will have a long useful life.
  • Another and more detailed object is to provide brick holders arranged in a plurality of axially spaced rings on the interior of the kiln shell.
  • a ring of brick holders provides a pair of more or less continuous, oppositely extending flanges in spaced relation from the shell. Bricks of the lining engage these flanges in clamping manner and are thereby prevented from moving inwardly or outwardly, or rotationally, with respect to the shell.
  • FIG. 1 is a transverse sectional view through a rotary kiln having a refractory lining structure in accordance with the invention, only representative portions of the brick and brick holders being shown in detail, it being understood that the illustrated portions are continuous throughout the circumference of the kiln.
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view on line 2-2 of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a fragmentary elevational view on line 3-3 of FIG. 2 showing the preferred staggered relation of the bricks in the lining.
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of three brick holders in assembled relation on a portion of the kiln shell.
  • FIG. 5 is atop plan view of the assembled brick holders taken on line 55 of FIG. 4, the securing studs omitted.
  • FIG. 6 is a bottom view of the assembled brick holders taken on line 66 of FIG. 4, the securing studs and nuts omitted.
  • FIG. 7 is an enlarged sectional view on line 7-7 of FIG. 4 showing the relationship between the illustrated brick holder and added refractory bricks and insulating material.
  • FIG. 8 is an enlarged sectional view on line 88 of FIG. 4 showing the relationship between the illustrated brick holder and added refractory bricks and insulating material.
  • rotary kiln 10 there shown in transverse cross section includes a cylindrical metallic shell 11.
  • the mechanism for imparting rotary motion to kiln 10 may be conventional and therefore is not shown.
  • the kiln axis may be horizontal or inclined at an angle with the horizontal, both conventional aspects of a rotary kiln and therefore not illustrated.
  • the lining structure includes axially spaced rings of brick holders generally desgnated 15 in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the brick holders in each ring in the form of the invention shown, are of two types which alternate with each other around the inner periphery of shell 11.
  • FIGS. 4-7 One type of brick holder, designated 16 in FIGS. 4-7 and hereinafter sometimes called alternate brick holder, is secured to the inner surface of shell 11. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 7, threaded studs 17 are welded or otherwise suitably mounted on the shell interior, brick holders 16 fitting over the studs 17 and being secured in place by nuts 18 applied to the studs.
  • alternate brick holder 16 is generally U-shaped or channel shaped in cross section.
  • the free ends of the channel legs have oppositely directed arcuate flanges 20 and 21 located in spaced relation with shell 11.
  • Intermediate brick holders 25 (FIGS. 4-6 and 8) are supported and fixed in position by alternate brick holders 16.
  • intermediate brick holder 25 is T-shaped in cross section, the T head 26 being remote from shell 11.
  • the marginal portions of T head 26 constitute oppositely directed arcuate flanges 28 and 29 which are aligned with the flanges 20 and 21 of alternate brick holders 16.
  • Each ring of alternate brick holders 16 and intermediate brick holders 25, therefore, provides a pair of oppositely directed flanges which are spaced inwardly of shell 11 and which form substantially continuous circular bands. As will be seen, refractory bricks are clamped on these continuous flanges and are held thereby against inward and outward movement.
  • intermediate brick holders 25 have an interlocked and detachable relationship with secured alternate brick holders 16.
  • the construction of the two types of brick holders is such that the positioning of the alternate brick holders is not critical insofar as intermediate brick holders 25 are concerned.
  • central upstanding rib 30 is cut away at 31 to receive the left-hand end of hanger 1-6.
  • Flanges 28 and 29 at the right-hand end of T head 26 are relieved, thereby providing a tongue 32 which underlies web 33 of brick holder 16.
  • the right-hand end of intermediate brick holder 25 is restrained against both inward and outward movement with respect to shell 11.
  • the left-hand end of upstanding rib 3i) of intermediate brick holder 25 likewise is cut away forming a slot at 35 to receive the right-hand end of adjacent brick holder 16.
  • a plate 36 having downwardly extending teeth 37 (FIG. 4) is secured to the top of the slot at the left-hand end of brick holder 25.
  • the left-hand end of flange 28 and an adjacent portion of the T head 26 are relieved as shown at 38 (FIGS. and 6) to permit assembly and disassembly of brick holder 25 and brick holder 16.
  • each illustrated alternate brick holder 16 has flange 21 relieved at 41 also to permit assembly of intermediate brick holder 25. Further, the righthand end of the web of brick holder 16 has an upstanding tooth 42 adapted to engage one or more of the teeth 37 on plate 36 of intermediate brick holder 25.
  • Brick holder 25 thus has a flexible relationship with the brick holder 16 which compensates amply for irregularities in the positioning of the threaded studs 17 that secure brick holder 16 in position.
  • the size and flexibility of the illustrated brick holders are such that kilns of all reasonable diameters will receive the brick holders without requiring a final brick holder of irregular size to close a ring.
  • the refractory bricks used in the illustrated lining are of three different sizes and shapes.
  • the 0pposed sides that engage adjacent bricks in the same brick ring may be slightly tapered inwardly from the outer end to the inner end so the bricks will have uniform engagement from end to end when installed in a circular ring.
  • the sides of the bricks that taper inwardly are the sides shown in profile in reduced FIG. 1 where the slight taper is not readily apparent.
  • the refractory bricks used in the illustrated lining are generally the same as the brick shown in FIG. 2 of Hosbein U.S. Patent No. 3,132,447.
  • the bricks are generally rectangular in transverse cross section, and all four sides have alternate ribs and grooves.
  • the ribs and grooves on one pair of opposed sides are in alignment with each other, While the ribs and grooves on the other pair of opposed sides are in staggered relation with each other, the latter ribs and grooves being somewhat shallower in depth than the former.
  • the three bricks of different size and shape are respectively designated 45, 46 and 4"].
  • the brick sides shown in profile in FIG. 2 are generally parallel, apart from the ribs and grooves.
  • the alternate two sides not shown in FIG. 2 are the sides having the aforesaid inward taper and the shallower ribs and grooves.
  • Bricks 46 and 47, as shown, are equal in length, while brick 45 is somewhat shorter, thereby providing a smooth cylindrical surface on the lining interior.
  • Bricks 45 are arranged in first rings of brick inwardly aligned with the several rings of brick holders 16 and 25 as shown in FIGS. 2, 7 and 8.
  • Interlocking ribs 50 and 51 at the outer ends of the sides of bricks 45 parallel to flanges 20, 21, 28 and 29 are of reduced length, compared with the other ribs on those sides, to accommodate the thickness of the brick holder flanges.
  • the outer ends of bricks 45 abut the flanges on the flange surfaces facing away from shell 11.
  • Bricks 46 have ribs 54 and 55 at the outer ends of the opposed sides which face the brick holders, and one of these ribs overlies and engages a flange on the flange surface facing shell 11, the remaining ribs and grooves on that brick side interlocking with the ribs and grooves of abutting bricks 45 in a first brick ring.
  • adjacent bricks 45 and 46 in adjoining rings are interlocked with each other and clamped to a brick holder flange, securing all the bricks against both inward and outward movement.
  • each ring of brick holders 16 and 25 is engaged by a first ring of brick 45 and by second and third rings of brick 46, the first brick ring located between the other two brick rings.
  • the axial spacing of the brick holder rings and the brick widths in axial direction of the kiln are such in the illustrated lining that space exists to accommodate a ring of filler bricks 47 between rings of brick 46, as best shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • Filler bricks 47 differ from bricks 46 in that the outer ends of the parallel sides are provided with grooves rather than ribs, such grooves, of course, receiving the outer ribs of interfitting bricks 46.
  • the inner ends of the parallel sides of filler bricks 47 have ribs that interfit with complementary grooves at the inner ends of the bricks 46, all as shown in FIG. 2.
  • Bricks 47 of course, are not held directly by brick holders 16 and 25, but rather are held in position against inward and outward movement by interlocking relation with bricks 46 which in turn are held directly by the brick holders.
  • Insulating refractory material 60 of desired type occupies the space between the outer ends of bricks 46 and 47 and shell 11. It also occupies the space between brick holders 25 and shell 11 and the space within brick holders 16, all as shown in FIGS. 2, 7 and 8. Insulating refactory material of castable type has been found particularly satisfactory for the lining of the invention.
  • an end of the kiln is finished by means of an angle iron ring 65 secured to shell 11 by suitable securing means 66.
  • Flange 67 of angle iron ring 65 desirably has a circular rib 68, shown in cross section in FIG. 2, which is received within a groove in endmost bricks 47.
  • the flange 67 holds the bricks 4-7 in interlocked relation with bricks 46, While rib 65 cooperates in supporting the bricks 47.
  • each brick is interlocked with two bricks in each adjacent brick ring. This feature, of course, imparts increased rigidity and durability to the over-all lining.
  • each alternate anchored brick holder 16 engages three bricks in a ring of bricks and each intermediate brick holder 25 engages four bricks in a ring of bricks (-FIG. 1).
  • Each ring of brick holders engages with three rings of bricks.
  • the illustrated bricks in a ring have ribs and grooves on the sides there shown in profile, these ribs and grooves in staggered relation on opposite sides of a brick and interlocking with the sides of other bricks in the ring.
  • the interlocking on all four brick sides enhances the sealing characteristic of the lining, the rigidity and durability.
  • the insulating refractory material 60, refractory bricks 45, 46 and 47 and the brick holders 16 and 25 are installed in the lower degrees of shell 11 for the full axial length of the shell.
  • Each refractory brick prior to installation may be dipped in an air set cement to improve the seal at the joints between adjacent bricks.
  • shell 11 may be rotated through an angle, for example 45 degrees, and the components are installed from the lower edge of the completed work up to the level of the kiln axis. Next, the shell further may be rotated as necessary to complete the installation. Finally, the ends of the kiln are finished by the application of angle iron rings 65.
  • the entire lining may be installed without rotating the shell in the step by step manner suggested above, if desired.
  • the various components so interlock that the bricks, brick holders and insulating material easily can be installed in overhead position.
  • Refractory lining structure for a rotary kiln having a cylindrical metallic shell comprising:
  • each ring including a plurality of brick holders having oppositely directed flanges spaced from said shell; and refractory bricks secured to said brick holder flanges and interlocked with each other forming a refractory lining fixed against both inward and outward movement and rotational movement relative to said shell, said bricks having interlocking ribs and grooves on the sides thereof facing the kiln ends and including first rings of bricks inwardly aligned with the rings of brick holders, ribs at the outer ends of the bricks in said first rings engaging said brick holder flanges on the flange surfaces facing away from said shell, and second and third rings of bricks on opposite sides of said first brick rings, ribs at the outer ends of the bricks in said second and third rings engagring.
  • each alternate brick holder engages 3 bricks in a ring of bricks and each intermediate brick holder engages 4 bricks in a ring of bricks.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
US523167A 1966-01-26 1966-01-26 Refractory lining structure for a rotary kiln Expired - Lifetime US3362698A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US523167A US3362698A (en) 1966-01-26 1966-01-26 Refractory lining structure for a rotary kiln
GB817/67A GB1142431A (en) 1966-01-26 1967-01-05 Refractory lining structure for a rotary kiln
FR92169A FR1509420A (fr) 1966-01-26 1967-01-23 Structure de revêtement intérieur réfractaire pour four tournant
BE693167D BE693167A (pt) 1966-01-26 1967-01-25
DE19671558034 DE1558034B1 (de) 1966-01-26 1967-01-25 Feuerfeste Steinauskleidung fuer einen Drehrohrofen

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US523167A US3362698A (en) 1966-01-26 1966-01-26 Refractory lining structure for a rotary kiln

Publications (1)

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US3362698A true US3362698A (en) 1968-01-09

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US523167A Expired - Lifetime US3362698A (en) 1966-01-26 1966-01-26 Refractory lining structure for a rotary kiln

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US (1) US3362698A (pt)
BE (1) BE693167A (pt)
DE (1) DE1558034B1 (pt)
FR (1) FR1509420A (pt)
GB (1) GB1142431A (pt)

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3563521A (en) * 1969-02-26 1971-02-16 California Portland Cement Co Materials lifter construction and installation in kilns
US3592454A (en) * 1969-08-07 1971-07-13 California Portland Cement Co Formless installation of materials lifters and kiln lining
US3952470A (en) * 1974-06-03 1976-04-27 J T Thorpe Company Furnace lining apparatus
US4529178A (en) * 1984-02-06 1985-07-16 M. H. Detrick Company Expansible refractory brick assembly for a furnace roof
US4651487A (en) * 1984-09-04 1987-03-24 Plibrico Japan Co., Ltd. Wear-resistant refractory lining anchor
US4697531A (en) * 1980-10-14 1987-10-06 Regenerative Environmental Equip. Co., Inc. Retaining wall with heat exchange characteristics for thermal regeneration
US4779548A (en) * 1987-08-11 1988-10-25 Regenerative Environmental Equipment Company, Inc. Incineration apparatus with improved wall configuration
US4960058A (en) * 1989-10-26 1990-10-02 Merkle Engineers, Inc. Self-positioning refractory structure
US5277580A (en) * 1993-02-16 1994-01-11 Lea-Con, Inc. Wall construction system for refractory furnaces
US5299933A (en) * 1991-12-24 1994-04-05 Quigley Company, Inc. Rotary kiln with a polygonal lining
US5704782A (en) * 1993-11-17 1998-01-06 N.V. Gouda Vuurvast Wear lining for a rotary furnace
US5862641A (en) * 1996-01-06 1999-01-26 Lea-Con, Inc. Kiln anchor
US6257878B1 (en) 2000-02-08 2001-07-10 J. E. Baker Company Preformed modular trefoil and installation method
US6397765B1 (en) * 1998-03-19 2002-06-04 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Wall segment for a combustion chamber and a combustion chamber
US20080104920A1 (en) * 2006-11-02 2008-05-08 Peter Nebgen Fastening means of ceramics for fastening a refractory lining
CN103033043A (zh) * 2012-12-26 2013-04-10 安徽芜湖海螺建筑安装工程有限责任公司 一种12000t/d回转窑的大变径部位砌耐火砖的砌筑方法
USRE44612E1 (en) 2002-06-06 2013-11-26 Harbison-Walker Refractories Company Rotary kiln heat exchanger and method of assembling same
US8967998B2 (en) 2011-05-05 2015-03-03 Magnesita Refractories Company Rotary kiln lining and method
CN104596237A (zh) * 2015-02-14 2015-05-06 安徽芜湖海螺建筑安装工程有限责任公司 干法水泥窑的三次风管耐火衬里改进的砌筑方法
CN106323004A (zh) * 2016-08-24 2017-01-11 新密市万力实业发展有限公司 一种利用砌砖支撑器砌筑回转窑耐火砖的施工方法
CN109631586A (zh) * 2019-02-21 2019-04-16 东营方圆有色金属有限公司 一种冶金炉窑内拉筋耐火料包裹结构
CN111848193A (zh) * 2020-08-10 2020-10-30 河南自力耐火材料股份有限公司 鱼雷罐内衬结构
CN112867697A (zh) * 2018-10-26 2021-05-28 日本电气硝子株式会社 玻璃物品的制造方法
WO2023154997A1 (en) * 2022-02-17 2023-08-24 Nano One Materials Corp. A thermal processing apparatus

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109827427B (zh) * 2019-03-13 2023-11-21 镇江东亚碳素焦化有限公司 一种回转窑内衬结构
CN111116218A (zh) * 2020-02-18 2020-05-08 巩义市瑞东耐火材料有限公司 循环流化床锅炉炉衬用抗酸蚀高强组合块

Citations (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2854842A (en) * 1954-08-26 1958-10-07 Detrick M H Co Mounting for interlocked refractory walls
US2895725A (en) * 1956-12-26 1959-07-21 Monolith Portland Midwest Comp Rotary kiln construction
US2987856A (en) * 1958-05-21 1961-06-13 Levi S Longenecker Interlocking chain wall
US3112921A (en) * 1962-05-04 1963-12-03 Harbison Walker Refractories Composite refractory member
US3132447A (en) * 1961-02-20 1964-05-12 Detrick M H Co Multiple support refractory arch and wall construction
US3220546A (en) * 1962-05-28 1965-11-30 Champion Papers Inc Vibrating treatment for fiber recovery from waste effluents

Family Cites Families (1)

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DE908594C (de) * 1941-03-14 1954-04-08 Glaudius Peters Ag Moertellsoes Futter fuer OEfen mit kreisfoermigem oder ovalem Querschnitt, insbesondere fuer Drehoefen

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2854842A (en) * 1954-08-26 1958-10-07 Detrick M H Co Mounting for interlocked refractory walls
US2895725A (en) * 1956-12-26 1959-07-21 Monolith Portland Midwest Comp Rotary kiln construction
US2987856A (en) * 1958-05-21 1961-06-13 Levi S Longenecker Interlocking chain wall
US3132447A (en) * 1961-02-20 1964-05-12 Detrick M H Co Multiple support refractory arch and wall construction
US3112921A (en) * 1962-05-04 1963-12-03 Harbison Walker Refractories Composite refractory member
US3220546A (en) * 1962-05-28 1965-11-30 Champion Papers Inc Vibrating treatment for fiber recovery from waste effluents

Cited By (32)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3563521A (en) * 1969-02-26 1971-02-16 California Portland Cement Co Materials lifter construction and installation in kilns
US3592454A (en) * 1969-08-07 1971-07-13 California Portland Cement Co Formless installation of materials lifters and kiln lining
US3952470A (en) * 1974-06-03 1976-04-27 J T Thorpe Company Furnace lining apparatus
US4697531A (en) * 1980-10-14 1987-10-06 Regenerative Environmental Equip. Co., Inc. Retaining wall with heat exchange characteristics for thermal regeneration
US4529178A (en) * 1984-02-06 1985-07-16 M. H. Detrick Company Expansible refractory brick assembly for a furnace roof
US4651487A (en) * 1984-09-04 1987-03-24 Plibrico Japan Co., Ltd. Wear-resistant refractory lining anchor
US4779548A (en) * 1987-08-11 1988-10-25 Regenerative Environmental Equipment Company, Inc. Incineration apparatus with improved wall configuration
US4960058A (en) * 1989-10-26 1990-10-02 Merkle Engineers, Inc. Self-positioning refractory structure
US5299933A (en) * 1991-12-24 1994-04-05 Quigley Company, Inc. Rotary kiln with a polygonal lining
US5460518A (en) * 1991-12-24 1995-10-24 Quigley Company, Inc. Rotary kiln with a cast polygonal lining
US5616023A (en) * 1991-12-24 1997-04-01 Quigley Company, Inc. Rotary kiln with a polygonal lining
US5277580A (en) * 1993-02-16 1994-01-11 Lea-Con, Inc. Wall construction system for refractory furnaces
US5704782A (en) * 1993-11-17 1998-01-06 N.V. Gouda Vuurvast Wear lining for a rotary furnace
US5862641A (en) * 1996-01-06 1999-01-26 Lea-Con, Inc. Kiln anchor
US6397765B1 (en) * 1998-03-19 2002-06-04 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Wall segment for a combustion chamber and a combustion chamber
US6672256B2 (en) 2000-02-08 2004-01-06 J. E. Baker Company Preformed modular trefoil and installation method
US20040076918A1 (en) * 2000-02-08 2004-04-22 J.E. Baker Company Preformed modular trefoil and installation method
US20050164142A1 (en) * 2000-02-08 2005-07-28 Marr Ronald J. Performed modular trefoil and installation method
US6257878B1 (en) 2000-02-08 2001-07-10 J. E. Baker Company Preformed modular trefoil and installation method
USRE45360E1 (en) 2002-06-06 2015-02-03 Harbison-Walker Refractories Company Rotary kiln heat exchanger and method of assembling same
USRE44612E1 (en) 2002-06-06 2013-11-26 Harbison-Walker Refractories Company Rotary kiln heat exchanger and method of assembling same
US20080104920A1 (en) * 2006-11-02 2008-05-08 Peter Nebgen Fastening means of ceramics for fastening a refractory lining
US7886495B2 (en) * 2006-11-02 2011-02-15 Peter Nebgen Fastening means of ceramics for fastening a refractory lining
US8967998B2 (en) 2011-05-05 2015-03-03 Magnesita Refractories Company Rotary kiln lining and method
CN103033043A (zh) * 2012-12-26 2013-04-10 安徽芜湖海螺建筑安装工程有限责任公司 一种12000t/d回转窑的大变径部位砌耐火砖的砌筑方法
CN104596237A (zh) * 2015-02-14 2015-05-06 安徽芜湖海螺建筑安装工程有限责任公司 干法水泥窑的三次风管耐火衬里改进的砌筑方法
CN106323004A (zh) * 2016-08-24 2017-01-11 新密市万力实业发展有限公司 一种利用砌砖支撑器砌筑回转窑耐火砖的施工方法
CN112867697A (zh) * 2018-10-26 2021-05-28 日本电气硝子株式会社 玻璃物品的制造方法
CN112867697B (zh) * 2018-10-26 2023-05-23 日本电气硝子株式会社 玻璃物品的制造方法
CN109631586A (zh) * 2019-02-21 2019-04-16 东营方圆有色金属有限公司 一种冶金炉窑内拉筋耐火料包裹结构
CN111848193A (zh) * 2020-08-10 2020-10-30 河南自力耐火材料股份有限公司 鱼雷罐内衬结构
WO2023154997A1 (en) * 2022-02-17 2023-08-24 Nano One Materials Corp. A thermal processing apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1558034B1 (de) 1970-12-10
BE693167A (pt) 1967-07-03
GB1142431A (en) 1969-02-05
FR1509420A (fr) 1968-01-12

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