US3359182A

US3359182A - Distillation apparatus with the condenser supported by the still

Info

Publication number: US3359182A
Application number: US592239A
Authority: US
Inventors: Williamson William Rodger
Original assignee: AMF Inc
Current assignee: AMF Inc
Priority date: 1966-06-22
Filing date: 1966-06-22
Publication date: 1967-12-19
Anticipated expiration: 1984-12-19

Description

Dec. 19, 1967 w. R; WILLIAMSON 3,359,182

DISTILLATION APPARATUS WITH THE CONDENSER Y SUPPORTED BY THE STILL Original Filed July 3, 1967 3 Sheets-Sheet l 26 ONDE/V55@ Z9 sHfLL w%-' 3 f l j .l i I Ymw wvm W A gm/ae Z9 "7 EXTEA/s/ON l 559,419,470@

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: l: .A l// W30 /3 /9 55 INVENTOR wlLLnAM RooGER WILLIAMSON BY /9 Y 5 .l

Dec. 19, 1967 w. R. WILLIAMSON DISTILLATION APPARATUS WITH THE CONDENSER SUPPORTED BY THE STILL Original Filed July 5. 1967 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 CO/VE/VSEE 40 SHELL 70 fm/eroe '+4 F G o OOOOOOOOOO O OOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOO INVENTOR WILLIAM RODGER WILLIAMSON Dec. 19, 1967 w. R. WILLIAMSON 3,359,182

DISTILLATION APPARATUS WITH THE CONDENSER SUPPORTED BY THE STILL Original Filed July 5. 1967 5 Sheets-Sheet-5 29 FIG. 6

lNvENToR WILLIAM RODGER wlLLlAMSON United States Patent O 3,359,182 DISTHLLATION APPARATUS WITH THE CON- DENSER SUPPORTED BY THE STILL William Rodger Williamson, Waterford, Conn., assignor to American Machine & Foundry Company, a corporation of New Jersey Original application `uly 3, 1967, Ser. No. 292,667, now Patent No. 3,302,373, dated Feb. 7, 1967. Divided and this application .lune 22, 1966, Ser. No. 592,239

13 Claims. (Cl. 202-189) ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A distillation plant comprising an evaporation shell and a condensing shell horizontally disposed one above the other. The evaporation shell being divided into two chambers by a vertical bulkhead perforated at its upper portion, evaporation taking place in one chamber and the steam passing through the bulkhead into the second chamber and thence into the condenser.

This invention relates in general to distillation apparatus and, more particularly, to a distilling plant for sea water and the like.

This is a divisional application of Ser. No. 292,667, filed July 3, 1963.

An object of this invention is to provide a horizontal and laterally chambered evaporator which will provide distillate in an associated condenser which will be of equal purity to that produced in vertically disposed, multichambered conventional apparatus.

Another object of this invention is to provide a distillation apparatus which may occupy as little as one half the cubic space required by equivalent conventional distillation apparatus having a completely vertical relationship between the chambering and baiiiing elements.

A further object of this invention is to provide a means for removing distillate from a high vacuum distillation apparatus using a relatively inexpensive pump which is operated by fluid at atmospheric pressure.

Many other objects, advantages and features of invention reside in the particular construction, combination and arrangement of parts involved in the embodiments of the invention and its practice as will be understood from the following description and accompanying drawing wherein:

FIGURE 1 is a longitudinal, vertical section through a distillation apparatus according to the first embodiment of this invention with the heating and condensing tube bundles broken away and with the areas occupied by the heating and condensing tube bundles outlined by broken lines;

FIGURE 2 is a vertical section taken on line 2 2 of FIGURE l;

FIGURE 3 is a longitudinal, vertical section through a second embodiment of this invention with the heating and condensing tube bundles broken away and with the areas occupied by the heating and condensing tube bundles outlined by broken lines;

FIGURE 4 is a vertical section taken on line 4-4 of FIGURE 3;

FIGURE 5 is a side view of the distillation apparatus of this invention connected by pumps and piping to a plentiful raw water supply for cooling the condenser and performing other functions; and

FIGURE 6 is a side View of the distillation apparatus of this invention connected to an air water separator which uses a vacuum pump operable by fluid at atmospheric pressure to remove condensate and non-condensibles from the condenser.

Referring to the drawing in detail, FIGURES 1 and 2 show the generally cylindrical shell 10 which rests upon ICC the supports 11. Extending into one end of shell 10 is the U-shaped shroud 12 which has a rounded bottom portion 13 and two upstanding side walls 14. A longitudinal slot 19 extends along the bottom of shroud 12. If it is desired, more than one slot 19 may be formed in the bottom of shroud 12, however, the total area of the single slot 19 or a plurality of slots 19 should be no greater than 25 percent of the open area of shroud 12 disposed above the slot or slots 19.

Shroud 12 assumes a cylindrical shape at one end 15 where it projects through the shell 10. End 15 carries the ange 16 to which a cover plate 17 may be lixed in any conventional and suitable manner. The heating coils 18 extend through and are supported by the cover plate 17. Although the heating coils 18 are shown broken away in FIGURE 1, the space that they would occupy is indicated by a broken line. A

The inwardly disposed end of shroud 12 butts against the baille 2t) which extends transversely across the entire shell 10. The upper portion of baille 2t) contains a large number of perforations 21. If it is desired, the perforated and the solid portions of baffle 20 may be fabricated from separate sheets of metal which are welded together. The

-unperforated portion of bafde 20 must be of a suthcient height to assure the complete wetting of the heating coils within shroud 12, and this height is about percent of the tube bundle height.

An outlet pipe 22 extends downward into shell 10y beyond bathe 20 and below the lowermost perforations 21. A plate 90, which may contain a glass window for inspection or viewing purposes, may be secured to a tubular extension from a suitable location in shell 10. Sets of

barS

23 and 24 are welded or otherwise xed within the outlet pipe 22 to position a wire mesh separator 2S within it.

The tubular condenser shell 26 extends horizontally from an upward tubular extension 27 fixed to the top of outlet pipe 22. Extension 27 includes a swash plate 28 which extends above the bottom of condenser shell 26. The cooling coils 29 pass through and are supported by the dome-shaped end plate 30 which is bolted to a ange 31 at the end of condenser shell 26. A condenser support brace 32 is welded or otherwise fixed between the shell 10 and the condenser shell 26 to support it.

The first embodiment of this invention operates in the following manner. Water to be treated is fed into the outer end of shroud 12 through the pipe V33. Heating water is supplied through the heating coils 18 while a suitable vacuum is drawn within `the entire apparatus through the tube 34 by conventional means (not shown). Water is fed into the evaporator at a rate of from two to three times the rate of evaporation at a vacuum of about 26 inches Hg. Boiling water mixed with steam in a turbulent state rises between the side walls 14 of shroud 12 to fall downward between the walls 14 and the shell 10. This rapid circulation upward in the shroud 12 and downward between the shell 10 and the shoud 12 promotes a high heat transfer rate.

FIGURE 2 shows the low static head of water 35 to be treated within the shell 10. Since the area of slot 19 restricts the entrance of water into the shroud, a static pressure head cannot build up over the heating tubes 18 to raise the boiling point at high vacuum. Thus the coniiguration shown greatly reduces any elevation in boiling point at deep vacuum.

Excess liquid in the form of steam and small droplets passes to the second chamber 36 through the apertures 21 in bate 20. Within chamber 36 steam or vapors must make a degree reversal after moving downward about the outside of outlet pipe 22 to ow upward through it. Larger liquid droplets cannot make this reversal and fall by gravity to the base of chamber 36. Any line mist en- 3 trained with the steam or vapor coheres on the mesh separator to form larger droplets that fall back into chamber 36. As liquid concentrates collect in chamber 36, they are pumped out through pipe 37.

The dry steam now passes laterally from the extension portion 27 over the swash plate 28 into the condenser 26 where it contacts the cooling coils 29 to condense. The pure condensate is then pumped out through the pipe 38. Non-condensibles may also be pumped out through pipe 33 or they may be drawn out through pipe 34 using a separate pump as will be hereinafter explained.

Referring now to FIGURES 3 and 4, the second embodiment of this invention includes a shell 40 resting upon the supports 41. A U-shaped shroud 42 for the heating coils 43 extends within shell 40 as in the previous embodiment. Formed in the bottom of shroud 42 are one or more longitudinal slots 43 which are less than 25 percent of the area of the open space of shroud 42 above them. Shroud 42 butts against the transverse plate 44 which contains the perforations 45, the height of the lowes* Pf which is at least 125 percent that of the bundle of tubes 43.

Behind plate 44 is the outlet pipe 46 which extends below the lowermost perforations 45 and contains the mesh separator 47 held in place by the sets of

bars

48 and 49. The upper end of outlet pipe 46 has the condenser shell 50 extend horizontally from its protruding through the end of shell 40. Cooling coils 51 extend into condenser shell 50 in front ofthe swash plate 51 formed by an upper portion of outlet pipe 46.

The second embodiment of this invention operates in the same manner described for the first embodiment. Fluid to be treated is introduced into the neck of the evaporator shroud 42 through the pipe 52. Condensate is drawn off through pipe 53 and non-condensibles may be drawn off through pipe 54. The second embodiment of this invention provides a single compact unit containing both an evaporator and a condenser. Itis desirable to use the same materials of construction for the evaporator and the condenser when a single shell 40 is used for both. The heating and condensing tube bundles, whose positions are shown by broken lines, may be made of any standard sheet and tube construction and can be made so that the heating and condensing tubes are interchangeable.

Referring now to FIGURE 5, where there is a plentiful supply of raw .water which may be used as a cooling medium, this invention may be coupled to auxiliary equipment in the following manner. A pump 55 supplies raw water at about 40 pounds per square inch to the cooling or condensing coils 29. As this water flows from the coils 29, it enters a T fitting 56 from which it flows into

pipes

57 and 58. Pipe 57 leadstoan air eductor 59 which draws non-condensibles through pipe 34 from the condenser shell 26. This water and-the non-condensibles then flow from eductor 59 through pipe 60A to a drain pipe 61. Raw water flowing through pipe 58 passes to the eductor 62 which draws brine or other concentrates through pipe 37 and passes them into waste line 61. A separate pump 63 may draw distillate through pipe 38 from condenser shell 26.

Referring now to FIGURE 6, if the raw water supply is limited, a closed refrigeration system, or a hot and cold gas system may be used for evaporating and condensing the water to be treated. For example, a refrigerant may be compressed and passed through the heating coils 18 and expanded and passed through the cooling coils 29. Alternatively, hot exhaust gases may be passed through the heating coils 18 and cooling air delivered by blower 64 through the cooling coils 29. In either case, the apparatus of this invention may be connected in the following manner. Tube 38 leads to an eductor 65 which draws both distillate and non-condensibles from the condensing shell 26 and delivers same through a pipe 74 to an air water separator tank 66. The tank is vented to the atmosphere through tube 67 which passes through tank cover 68. An

overflow tube 69 leads from the upper portion of the air water separator 66. A pump 70 draws water or distillate from the air water separator 66 through pipe 71 and discharges same through a T fitting 82 into a vertical line 83. A valve 72 in the lower end of line 83 is normally closed so that fiuid from purnp70 passes through pipe 73 to eductor 65 and pipe 74 to enter the air water separator below the level of the fiuid 75 within it. Thus pump 70, which may be a relatively inexpensive pump having an intake below the level of fluid 75 in the air water separator 66, is not as costly as a high vacuum pump and need not draw any vacuum.` Pump 70 provides enough fluid under pressure to operate eductor 65 to draw distillate and non-condensibles from the condenser shell 26. To operate properly, the eductor 65 must discharge below the surfacefof the fiuid or distillate 75 .within the air water separator 66. Within the air water separator 66, bubbles of non-condensibles rise to the surface and escape to the atmosphere through tube 67. As distillate accumulates within the air water separator 66, it overflows through tube 69 and may be collected.

Referring further to FIGURE 6, a cooling jacket 76 having a cooling fluid circulated through it through the tubes 77 may cool the fluid passing through pipe 73 and thus cool the liquid within the air water separator 66. The cooling of uid 75 enables the air water separator 66 to function more effectively.

If it is desired to have pump 70 deliver distillate under pressure, a valve 78 in tube 69 may be closed and a level switch 79 installed in the air water separator 66. Level switch 79 activates a control 80 which closes valve 72 as the level of fluid 75 within air water separator 66 falls below a given level. Conversely, as distillate accumulates within the air water separator 66, the level switch 79 actuates the control 80 to open valve 72 so that some of the condensate under pressure from pump 70 will be delivered through pipe 81 and thus removed from the system.

While this invention has been disclosed in the best forms known, it will nevertheless be understood that these are purely exemplary and that modifications in the construction, arrangement and combination of parts and the substitution of equivalents may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention except as it may be more limited in the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. A distillation apparatus comprising, in combination, a horizontally disposed evaporator shell, a transverse baflle dividing said shell into a rst and a second chamber, said baffle being perforated in its upper portion, a horizontally disposed shroud within said shell extending substantially the length of said first chamber close to the bottom of said shell, said shroud having two side walls and a bottom portion extending between said side walls, said bottom portion containing at least one longitudinal slot, the total area of slot insaid bottom portion being less than 25 percent of the area between said side walls of said shroud, a horizontally disposed bundle of heating coils within said shroud, a steam outlet pipe in said second chamber extending from below the lowermost perforations of said bafiie, a condenser shell extending horizontally from the upper portion of said outlet pipe, a horizontal bundle of cooling coils within said condenser shell, and a water separator within said outlet pipe.

2. The combination according to claim 1 wherein said condenser shell is disposed above and parallel to said evaporator shell and said outlet pipe extends through the top of said evaporator shell. -f

3. The combination according to claim 1 wherein said condenser shell is disposed within said elevator shell and extends parallel to and above said shroud within said evaporator shell, said condenser shell extending through the perforated portion of said bafile.

4. The combination according to claim 1 wherein the height of the lowermost perforation in said baie is percent that of the height of said bundle of heating coils.

5. The combination according to claim 1 with the addition of an air Water separator vented to the atmosphere, a tube for removing condensate and non-condensibles leading from the bottom of said condensing shell, an eductor connected to said tube leading from said condenser shell, a pump, a tube leading from near the bottom of said air water separator to said pump, a tube leading from said pump to said eductor, a tube leading from said eductor to said air water separator below the level of fluid within said air water separator, and means bypassing Huid from said pump when the fluid within said air water separator rises above a given level.

6. The combination according to claim 5 wherein said means bypassing fluid comprises an overflow tube leading from said air water separator.

7. The combination according to claim 5 wherein said means bypassing fluid comprises a iluid level switch in said air water separator, a control unit connected to said fluid level switch, a bypass line from said pump and a valve in said bypass line activated by said control unit.

8. A distillation apparatus comprising, in combination, a horizontally disposed cylindrical outer shell, a transverse baffle dividing said outer shell into rst and second chambers, the upper portion of said baie containing perforations, a horizontally disposed shroud within said outer shell having a cylindrical end extending through one end of said outer shell and having the other end butting against said baie within said rst chamber, said shroud having two side walls and a rounded bottom portion extending between said side walls close to the bottom of said outer shell, said bottom portion containing at least one longitudinal slot, the total slot area of said bottom portion being less than 25 percent of the area between said side Walls, a horizontally disposed bundle of heating coils within said shroud, an outlet pipe open at the bottom and extending from below the perforated upper portion of said baflie Within said second chamber, a condenser shell extending horizontally from the upper portion of said outlet pipe parallel to said shroud, a transverse swash plate -disposed across the bottom of said condenser shell near said outlet pipe, a horizontally disposed bundle of cooling coils Within said condenser shell, a wire mesh Water separator within said outlet pipe, and an inlet tube for water to be treated entering said cylindrical end of said shroud outside said outer shell.

9. In a sea water distillation plant, a irst horizontal shell, a second horizontal shell parallel to and spaced from said iirst shell, a transverse bulkhead in said first shell deiining iirst and second chambers, sea water evaporating means comprising heating means in the lower portion of said rst chamber, said bulkhead being perforated in its upper portion to provide steam passage between said first and second chambers, and a steam passage from said second chamber to said second shell, said second shell containing a steam condenser cooling means.

10. The combination according to claim 9, in which the second shell containing the condenser means is enclosed within the walls of the upper portion of the first shell.

11. The combination according to claim 16, in which one end of the second shell containing the condenser means extends through the perforated portion of the bulkhead.

12. The combination according to claim 9, in which the inlet of the steam passage is disposed below the lowermost perforations of the bulkhead.

13. The combination according to claim 12, including a moisture mist separator in said steam passage.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,180,050 11/ 1939 Hickman 202-205 2,776,938 1/1957 White et al. -a 202k173 2,880,146 3/1959 West 202-180 3,192,131 6/1965 Loebel et al. 202-173 3,197,387 7/1965 Lawrance 202-197 X FOREIGN PATENTS 1,025,805 3/1958 Germany.

NORMAN YUDKOFF, Primary Examiner. F. E, DRUMMOND, Assistant Examiner.

Claims

1. A DISTILLATION APPARATUS COMPRISING, IN COMBINATION, A HORIZONTALLY DISPOSED EVAPORATOR SHELL, A TRANSVERSE BAFFLE DIVIDING SAID SHELL INTO A FIRST AND A SECOND CHAMBER, SAID BAFFLE BEING PERFORATED IN ITS UPPER PORTION, A HORIZONTALLY DISPOSED SHROUD WITHIN SAID SHELL EXTENDING SUBSTANTIALLY THE LENGTH OF SAID FIRST CHAMBER CLOSE TO THE BOTTOM OF SAID SHELL, SAID SHROUD HAVING TWO SIDE WALLS AND A BOTTOM PORTION EXTENDING BETWEEN SAID SIDE WALLS, SAID BOTTOM PORTION CONTAINING AT LEAST ONE LONGITUDINAL SLOT, THE TOTAL AREA OF SLOT IN SAID BOTTOM PORTION BEING LESS THAN 25 PERCENT OF THE AREA BETWEEN SAID SIDE WALLS OF SAID SHROUD, A HORIZONTALLY DISPOSED BUNDLE OF HEATING COILS WITHIN SAID SHROUD, A STEAM OUTLET PIPE IN SAID