US3359001A - Frangible target compacted of particulate ice or carbon dioxide - Google Patents

Frangible target compacted of particulate ice or carbon dioxide Download PDF

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Publication number
US3359001A
US3359001A US350296A US35029664A US3359001A US 3359001 A US3359001 A US 3359001A US 350296 A US350296 A US 350296A US 35029664 A US35029664 A US 35029664A US 3359001 A US3359001 A US 3359001A
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carbon dioxide
target
compacted
frangible
ice
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Expired - Lifetime
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US350296A
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Joseph W Silva
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Olin Corp
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Olin Corp
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Priority to US350296A priority Critical patent/US3359001A/en
Priority to US589781A priority patent/US3469411A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41J—TARGETS; TARGET RANGES; BULLET CATCHERS
    • F41J1/00—Targets; Target stands; Target holders
    • F41J1/01—Target discs characterised by their material, structure or surface, e.g. clay pigeon targets characterised by their material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to projectable targets and relates in particular to a frangible target of the type used in various trapshooting games.
  • a particular feature of the present invention is the provision of a novel projectable, frangible target which by virtue of its structure and method of manufacture eliminates shipping, breakage, inventory and residue problems ordinarily encountered in the use of prior art clay targets.
  • a further feature of the invention is the provision of a frangible target formed by freezing, compacting or molding, in a suitable die, shaved or cracked ice, water, snow or carbon dioxide.
  • a further feature of the invention is the provision of frangible targets of the above general description including dispersed particulate matter within the target such as coloring material, fluorescent particles or other liquid, solid or gaseous components.
  • the frangible target of the present invention further contemplates the combination of a skin or envelope surrounding the target where the skin may take the form of impregnated or waxed paper, a thin film of plastic sheet material or a metallic foil.
  • a projectable, frangible target embracing certain principles of the present invention and defined in its simplest form may comprise a slug of ice or solid carbon dioxide or a compacted mass of crushed ice or ice particles.
  • FIGS. 1A, 1B, 1C, 2 and 3 are schematic representations of typical machinery useful to practice the process of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 are representations of typical target structures.
  • FIG. 1A there is shown a source of liquid carbon dioxide connected by a suitable conduit 11 to a cylindrical cavity 12 enclosed by a pair of reciprocating, mating dies or molds 13 and 14.
  • a source of liquid carbon dioxide connected by a suitable conduit 11 to a cylindrical cavity 12 enclosed by a pair of reciprocating, mating dies or molds 13 and 14.
  • valve 16 liquid carbon dioxide is introduced through expansion nozzle effective to develop carbon dioxide snow within the cylinder 12.
  • valve 16 is closed and mating dies 13 and 14 are moved towards one another effective to convert the snow into a solid figure or frozen target T as indicated in FIG. 1B.
  • a check valve 17 communicating with the cavity 12 by means of conduit 18 may be advisable to relieve gas pressure during the molding operation.
  • exhaust carbon dioxide gas be directed to a compressor C for reconversion into liquid carbon dioxide in a closed circuit of the type shown schematically in FIG. 1A.
  • the cavity 12 is opened and the dies 13 and 14 are so manipulated to bring target T flush with surface 19; thereafter fingers 21 are operative to transfer the target to trap arm 22 whereupon the target T is ready for projection in conventional fashion.
  • FIG. 2 is a representation of an alternative process for producing a target T wherein the starting product is a carbon dioxide or ice block B which is processed through a crusher or granulator 23 an thence through a pulverizer 24 prior to introduction into a die cavity 120. After suitable compacting by dies and the target T is transferred to trap arm 220 in the manner previously described.
  • FIG. 3 discloses in similar fashion a still further alternative wherein the starting material is fiaked or coarsely crushed ice I processed through a pulverizer 240 and thence introduced into the die cavity for molding and compaction in the fashion previously described to produce target T".
  • the source material introduced to the die cavity 12, for example, of FIG. 1A may be water; however, in view of the time interval necessary to freeze water and the continuous requirement of targets, it is preferable to use as a starting material liquid or solid carbon dioxide, crushed or shaved ice.
  • the starting material be natural or artificial snow.
  • the process represented schematically in FIGS. 1A, 1B, 1C, 2 and 3 may include the additional step of lining or covering dies 13 and 14 with a flexible sheet prior to the molding step in order to produce a frangible target T, T, or T" having an exterior skin or envelope.
  • the skin or envelope may take the form of a thin web or sheet of treated paper, platsic or metal foil.
  • particulate matter may be introduced or admixed in liquid, solid or gaseous form.
  • the reference numeral 25 designates a typical circular or discshaped trapshooting target, partially in section where the target comprises molded or compacted carbon dioxide, artificial or natural snow, crushed or shaved ice or water.
  • the partial representation of a frangible, frozen target indicated by the reference numeral 30 in FIG. 5 is molded or compacted of any of the starting materials described with respect to FIG. 4 plus the inclusion of dispersed particulate matter as represented by the reference numerals 31-31.
  • the target represented in FIG. 6, indicated generally by the reference numeral 35, can be fabricated from any combination or permutation of the source materials of FIG. 4 and a desired particulate material 31-31 plus a protective skin or envelope indicated by the reference numeral 36.
  • the frozen, frangible target and method of manufacture of the present invention is advantageous for the following reasons:
  • the targets may be produced at the place of trapshooting.
  • a projectable, frangible target useful in shooting games such as trap or skeet comprising a substantially saucer-shaped body composed of particulate, compacted, artificial water ice, said compacted body being formed by reconstituting finely divided artificial water ice by means of pressure in a closed cavity in substantially instantaneous fashion.
  • a projectable, frangible target useful in shooting games such as trap or skeet comprising a substantially saucer-shaped body composed of particulate, compacted, carbon dioxide, said compacted body being formed by reconstituting finely divided carbon dioxide by means of 15 pressure in a closed cavity in substantially instantaneous fashion.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
  • Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)

Description

J. W. SILVA Dec. 19, 1967 FRANGIBLE TARGET COMPACTED OF PARTICULATE ICE OR CARBON DIOXIDE 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed March 9, 1964 INVENTOR. JO$EPH W S/LVA BY J ATTORNEY Dec. 19, 1967 J. w. SILVA 3,359,001
FRANGIBLE TARGET COMPACTED OF PARTICULATE ICE OR CARBON DIOXIDE Filed March 9, 1964 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 FIG-5 FIG -6 INVENTOR. JOSEPH W. S/L VA AT TOPNEV United States Patent 3,359,001 FRANGIBLE TARGET COMPACTED OF PARTICU- LATE ICE 0R CARBON DIOXIDE Joseph W. Siiva, New Haven, Conn., assignor to Olin Mathieson Chemical Corporation, a corporation of Virginia Filed Mar. 9, 1964, Ser. No. 350,296 2 Claims. (Cl. 273--105.4)
The present invention relates to projectable targets and relates in particular to a frangible target of the type used in various trapshooting games.
A particular feature of the present invention is the provision of a novel projectable, frangible target which by virtue of its structure and method of manufacture eliminates shipping, breakage, inventory and residue problems ordinarily encountered in the use of prior art clay targets.
A further feature of the invention is the provision of a frangible target formed by freezing, compacting or molding, in a suitable die, shaved or cracked ice, water, snow or carbon dioxide.
A further feature of the invention is the provision of frangible targets of the above general description including dispersed particulate matter within the target such as coloring material, fluorescent particles or other liquid, solid or gaseous components.
The frangible target of the present invention further contemplates the combination of a skin or envelope surrounding the target where the skin may take the form of impregnated or waxed paper, a thin film of plastic sheet material or a metallic foil.
A projectable, frangible target embracing certain principles of the present invention and defined in its simplest form may comprise a slug of ice or solid carbon dioxide or a compacted mass of crushed ice or ice particles.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from an examination of the succeeding specification when read in conjunction with the appended drawings in which:
FIGS. 1A, 1B, 1C, 2 and 3 are schematic representations of typical machinery useful to practice the process of the present invention; and,
FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 are representations of typical target structures.
In FIG. 1A there is shown a source of liquid carbon dioxide connected by a suitable conduit 11 to a cylindrical cavity 12 enclosed by a pair of reciprocating, mating dies or molds 13 and 14. By suitable operation of valve 16 liquid carbon dioxide is introduced through expansion nozzle effective to develop carbon dioxide snow within the cylinder 12.
After an appropriate interval the valve 16 is closed and mating dies 13 and 14 are moved towards one another effective to convert the snow into a solid figure or frozen target T as indicated in FIG. 1B.
A check valve 17 communicating with the cavity 12 by means of conduit 18 may be advisable to relieve gas pressure during the molding operation.
In addition, considerations of economy may require that the exhaust carbon dioxide gas be directed to a compressor C for reconversion into liquid carbon dioxide in a closed circuit of the type shown schematically in FIG. 1A.
After the carbon dioxide snow has been converted into a round or disc-like target T having the cross sectional configuration shown in FIG. 1B the cavity 12 is opened and the dies 13 and 14 are so manipulated to bring target T flush with surface 19; thereafter fingers 21 are operative to transfer the target to trap arm 22 whereupon the target T is ready for projection in conventional fashion.
FIG. 2 is a representation of an alternative process for producing a target T wherein the starting product is a carbon dioxide or ice block B which is processed through a crusher or granulator 23 an thence through a pulverizer 24 prior to introduction into a die cavity 120. After suitable compacting by dies and the target T is transferred to trap arm 220 in the manner previously described.
FIG. 3 discloses in similar fashion a still further alternative wherein the starting material is fiaked or coarsely crushed ice I processed through a pulverizer 240 and thence introduced into the die cavity for molding and compaction in the fashion previously described to produce target T".
It is anticipated that the source material introduced to the die cavity 12, for example, of FIG. 1A may be water; however, in view of the time interval necessary to freeze water and the continuous requirement of targets, it is preferable to use as a starting material liquid or solid carbon dioxide, crushed or shaved ice.
It is also within the contemplation of the invention that the starting material be natural or artificial snow.
The process represented schematically in FIGS. 1A, 1B, 1C, 2 and 3 may include the additional step of lining or covering dies 13 and 14 with a flexible sheet prior to the molding step in order to produce a frangible target T, T, or T" having an exterior skin or envelope.
The skin or envelope may take the form of a thin web or sheet of treated paper, platsic or metal foil.
The above-described processes also contemplate the additional step, if desired, of introducing particulate matter in combination with the starting material, suitably dispersed, to effect coloring, fluorescence, control frangibility, density or flight characteristics.
It is anticipated that the particulate matter may be introduced or admixed in liquid, solid or gaseous form.
Referring now to FIGS. 4, 5 and 6, note that the reference numeral 25 designates a typical circular or discshaped trapshooting target, partially in section where the target comprises molded or compacted carbon dioxide, artificial or natural snow, crushed or shaved ice or water.
The partial representation of a frangible, frozen target indicated by the reference numeral 30 in FIG. 5 is molded or compacted of any of the starting materials described with respect to FIG. 4 plus the inclusion of dispersed particulate matter as represented by the reference numerals 31-31.
The target represented in FIG. 6, indicated generally by the reference numeral 35, can be fabricated from any combination or permutation of the source materials of FIG. 4 and a desired particulate material 31-31 plus a protective skin or envelope indicated by the reference numeral 36.
The frozen, frangible target and method of manufacture of the present invention is advantageous for the following reasons:
(1) The targets may be produced at the place of trapshooting.
(2) The method of manufacture eliminates very substantial transportation charges incurred in distributing prior art targets.
(3) The targets do not develop any appreciable residue.
(4) The target and method of manufacture in accordance with the present invention eliminates bothersome inventory and breakage problems encountered in prior art target operations.
It is anticipated that a wide variety of embodiments 3 of the present invention may be devised without departing from the spirit and scope thereof.
What is claimed is:
1. A projectable, frangible target useful in shooting games such as trap or skeet comprising a substantially saucer-shaped body composed of particulate, compacted, artificial water ice, said compacted body being formed by reconstituting finely divided artificial water ice by means of pressure in a closed cavity in substantially instantaneous fashion.
2. A projectable, frangible target useful in shooting games such as trap or skeet comprising a substantially saucer-shaped body composed of particulate, compacted, carbon dioxide, said compacted body being formed by reconstituting finely divided carbon dioxide by means of 15 pressure in a closed cavity in substantially instantaneous fashion.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 223,301 12/1879 Newbold 273105.5 303,315 8/1884 Nichols 273-l05.5 975,711 11/1910 Newbold 273l05.4 2,948,275 8/1960 Smith 124-27 3,307,516 9/1965 Kaluzny et a1 273-105.4
ANTON O. OECHSLE, Primary Examiner.
DELBERT B. LOWE, Examiner.
M. R. PAGE, Assistant Examiner.

Claims (1)

1. A PROJECTABLE, FRANGIBLE TARGET USEFUL IN SHOOTING GAMES SUCH AS TRAP SKEET COMPRISING A SUBSTANTIALLY SAUCER-SHAPED BODY COMPOSED OF PARTICULATE, COMPACTED, ARTICICIAL WATER ICE, SAID COMPACTED BODY BEING FORMED BY RECONSTITUTING FINELY DIVIDED ARTIFICIAL WATER ICE BY MEANS OF PRESSURE IN A CLOSED CAVITY IN SUBSTANTIALLY INSTANTANEOUS FASHION.
US350296A 1964-03-09 1964-03-09 Frangible target compacted of particulate ice or carbon dioxide Expired - Lifetime US3359001A (en)

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US589781A US3469411A (en) 1964-03-09 1966-08-16 Frangible target and method of manufacture

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US58978166A 1966-08-16 1966-08-16

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3921980A (en) * 1974-08-05 1975-11-25 Walt Disney Prod Ice cannon combined with frozen projectile supply structure and target structure
US5676377A (en) * 1996-02-07 1997-10-14 Lynn, Jr.; Arthur E. Biodigestible cold-pressed skeet target
GB2351026A (en) * 1999-06-16 2000-12-20 Stylianos Panaghe Target discs formed by freezing a gas or fluid

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6129700A (en) * 1984-07-19 1986-02-10 道之前　明 Molding device for shootting target made of ice
US4921417A (en) * 1987-10-05 1990-05-01 Sato Factory Co., Ltd. Molding apparatus for molding a clay pigeon
US4921250A (en) * 1988-10-17 1990-05-01 Ayres John A Frangible article
GB2363722B (en) * 1999-12-10 2002-09-04 Morgan Matroc Ltd Clay pigeons

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US223301A (en) * 1880-01-06 Fbanklin b
US303315A (en) * 1884-08-12 Flying target-ball
US975711A (en) * 1909-04-09 1910-11-15 John P Newbold Target.
US2948275A (en) * 1958-08-20 1960-08-09 Robert D Smith Snowball maker and launcher
US3307516A (en) * 1963-12-13 1967-03-07 Continental Oil Co Curtain coating machines

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1664850A (en) * 1926-02-04 1928-04-03 Roxana Petroleum Corp Process for making ice crystals
US1937174A (en) * 1932-03-16 1933-11-28 Vilter Mfg Co Art of briquetting materials
US3159011A (en) * 1962-07-06 1964-12-01 John C Kaluzny Apparatus for manufacture of flying targets
US3376040A (en) * 1964-01-16 1968-04-02 Olin Mathieson Compacted frangible target of agglomerated particulate material

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US223301A (en) * 1880-01-06 Fbanklin b
US303315A (en) * 1884-08-12 Flying target-ball
US975711A (en) * 1909-04-09 1910-11-15 John P Newbold Target.
US2948275A (en) * 1958-08-20 1960-08-09 Robert D Smith Snowball maker and launcher
US3307516A (en) * 1963-12-13 1967-03-07 Continental Oil Co Curtain coating machines

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3921980A (en) * 1974-08-05 1975-11-25 Walt Disney Prod Ice cannon combined with frozen projectile supply structure and target structure
US5676377A (en) * 1996-02-07 1997-10-14 Lynn, Jr.; Arthur E. Biodigestible cold-pressed skeet target
GB2351026A (en) * 1999-06-16 2000-12-20 Stylianos Panaghe Target discs formed by freezing a gas or fluid

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