US3358965A - Turbine - Google Patents

Turbine Download PDF

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Publication number
US3358965A
US3358965A US454586A US45458665A US3358965A US 3358965 A US3358965 A US 3358965A US 454586 A US454586 A US 454586A US 45458665 A US45458665 A US 45458665A US 3358965 A US3358965 A US 3358965A
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United States
Prior art keywords
blades
wall
members
vanes
walls
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US454586A
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English (en)
Inventor
Jassniker Kurt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sulzer AG
Original Assignee
Sulzer AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sulzer AG filed Critical Sulzer AG
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Publication of US3358965A publication Critical patent/US3358965A/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
    • F01D17/10—Final actuators
    • F01D17/12—Final actuators arranged in stator parts
    • F01D17/14—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits
    • F01D17/141—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits by means of shiftable members or valves obturating part of the flow path
    • F01D17/143—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits by means of shiftable members or valves obturating part of the flow path the shiftable member being a wall, or part thereof of a radial diffuser
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
    • F01D17/10—Final actuators
    • F01D17/12—Final actuators arranged in stator parts
    • F01D17/14—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits
    • F01D17/16—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits by means of nozzle vanes
    • F01D17/167—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits by means of nozzle vanes of vanes moving in translation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/42—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/44—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers
    • F04D29/46—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers adjustable
    • F04D29/462—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers adjustable especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/42—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/44—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers
    • F04D29/46—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers adjustable
    • F04D29/462—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers adjustable especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/464—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers adjustable especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps adjusting flow cross-section, otherwise than by using adjustable stator blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2250/00—Geometry
    • F05D2250/50—Inlet or outlet
    • F05D2250/52—Outlet

Definitions

  • a radial diffuser for turbine-type ma chines comprising two coaxial annular diffuser walls axlally movable with respect to each other, a set of stator blades aflixed to one wall and projecting into an annular recess on the other wall, packing or filling members fastened to the other wall and extending between circumferentially adjacent ones of those blades, and sealing members or gaskets affixed to the filling members to engage the surfaces of the blades.
  • Retainers and elastic inserts are provided to hold the gaskets on the filling members and to stress them against the blades in order to obtain a tight seal.
  • the present invention relates to a turbine having a circular array of stationary guide blades between the walls of a radial difiuser, such walls being axially movable with respect to each other to permit adjustment of the spacing between them.
  • the invention is advantageously employed in turbines of refrigeration plants in which a refrigerant is cyclically compressed and expanded.
  • the guide blades, supported on one wall must be received in recesses on the other wall to permit the required relative movement of the two walls while retaining the guide action of the blades between them.
  • the shaping and positioning of the recesses in one wall to receive the blades afiixed to the other wall entails substantial manufacturing cost.
  • one difiuser wall, not supporting the blades is formed on the side thereof adjacent the blades with an annular groove or recess, concentric with the axis of the machine.
  • this groove are disposed a plurality of packing, filling or spacing members, shaped and positioned to match, at least approximately, the flow spaces between the stationary guide blades of the stator already referred to and which may be supported on the other wall of the diffuser.
  • These members are advantageously provided with self-lubricating sealing members or gaskets, preferably of synthetic plastic material, which slide against the blades and in the gas-flow spaces between adjacent of the blades upon relative movement of the diffuser walls.
  • a similar sealing member, circular in shape, may be provided between the stator blades and the outer periphery of the annular recess.
  • elastic stiffening members extending along and near the edges of the sealing members which are to engage the blades, and retainers to press against the sealing members on the side thereof presented to the flow spaces between adjacent blades.
  • Patented Dec. 19, 1967 'ice sealing members, stiffening members and retainers are all preferably shaped to present a smooth flat surface to the flow spaces.
  • FIG. 1 is a view, in longitudinal section along the axis of a turbine according to the invention, showing part of a bladed radial diffuser;
  • FIG. 2 is a section along the line IIII of FIG. 1, and
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 are respectively sections along the lines III-III and IVIV of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 1 shows two annular walls 1 and 2 of a radial diffuser in a turbine, further particulars of which are not shown. Radially, inside these walls the machine includes a rotor (not shown); radially outside thereof the diffuser merges into a volute casing.
  • the space between walls 1 and 2 constitutes a flow chamber 3, the cross-section of which is made variable by the provision for motion, axially of the machine, of the end wall 2, which includes an annular recess 4 into which extends an annular array of stator blades 5.
  • the mechanism for shifting the wall 2 may be of known kind and is not shown in detail.
  • the wall 1 to which stator blades 5 are afiixed is not movable.
  • FIG. 1 shows the flow chamber 3 as having parallel boundary surfaces, but the invention is not limited to a parallel-wall type radial diffuser and also includes diffusers in which the flow channel widens conically outwards, for example.
  • stator blades 5 on wall 1 penetrate into the annular cavity 4 of wall 2 to an amount depending on the axial separation of the two walls.
  • filling members 6 are disposed in the recess, and are disposed and dimensioned to accommodate the stator blades '5 between them.
  • the blades 5 and filling members 6 are fastened to the walls 1 and 2 respectively by means of screws 7 and 8 (FIG. 3), and desirably by pins or dowels (not shown) as well, for accuracy of location.
  • the filling members 6 and the limits of the recess 4 on the one hand, and the blades 5 on the other hand are constructed to have substantial clearance between them, so that they can be manufactured with large tolerances and at low cost.
  • hand work was required to fit each blade to its individual recess between adjacent sealing members.
  • the actual seal between the blades 5 and members 6, and between the blades and the radially outer limit of recess 4 is effected by means of gaskets or sealin members 9, preferably self-lubricating in nature and made of suitable synthetic plastic material such as polythene.
  • gaskets or sealin members 9 preferably self-lubricating in nature and made of suitable synthetic plastic material such as polythene.
  • These sealing members are secured to the filling members 6 and to the wall 2 adjacent the radially outer edge of the recess 4 therein. As indicated in FIGS. 3 and 4, these sealing members 9 are formed with an edge 10 which is pressed against the Hanks and radially outer limits of the blades.
  • the sealing members are fastened to the members 6 and wall 2 by means of retainers 11 which in turn are screwed or otherwise secured to the members 6 and wall 2.
  • the retainers 11 may be of T-shaped section, so as to hold a sealing member 9 on each of the two circumferentially opposite sides of each filling member 6.
  • the retainers may be provided 3 with fillets or steps 12, engaging corresponding grooves in the sealing members.
  • a tight seal between the blades and the opposite diffuser wall 2 is important, especially along the spiral length of the blades and sealing members, since the pressure at the exit end of the diffuser is much higher than at the entry end.,This sealing action, provided by the invention in an effective and economical manner, prevents any pressure equalization via the otherwise open spaces between adjacent sealing members 6.
  • a resilient intermediate strip 13 is advantageously provided in the groove of the sealing member occupied by the retainer step 12, and outboard of the latter, i.e. adjacent the sealing edge 10 of the sealing member.
  • This groove may have a trapezoidal section, widened to accommodate the strip 13 as Well as the retainer step 12, and when the retainers are drawn down against the filling members 6 and Wall 2 (FIG. 4), the resulting deformation of the elastic strip 13 improves the sealing action.
  • the elements 9, 11 and 13 are formed to have a common smooth surface on the side thereof presented to the flow passages between adjacent stator blades, these passages being indicated at 3 in FIG. 3. It is these passages whose axial length (vertical dimension in FIG. 3) is varied by relative axial motion of the walls 1 and 2.
  • a turbine-type machine comprising a plurality of stator blades arranged in an annular array, a first diffuser wall to which said blades are afiixed at one axial end of said array, a second diffuser wall adjacent the other axial end of said array, said second Wall having an annular recess therein receiving said blades, one of said walls being movable with respect to the other axially of said array, a plurality of filling members disposed in and fastened to the bottom of said recess, said filler members being disposed each between two circumferentially adjacent ones of said blades and being shaped to approximately correspond to the space between adjacent ones of said blades, and sealing means of self-lubricating plastic material fastened to each of said filling members and engaging the adjacent ones of said blades.
  • a turbine-type machine wherein said first wall is stationary and said second wall is movable.
  • sealing means comprise, for each of said filling members, a plurality of sealing members, said machine further comprising, for each of said filling members, a retaining member affixed to such filling member and intermediate members of resilient material engaged by said retaining member and stressing a separate one of said sealing members against the adjacent one of said blades.
  • a turbine-type machine wherein said sealing members, retaining member and resilient members present a smooth fiat surface between each pair of adjacent ones of said blades.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
US454586A 1964-05-11 1965-05-10 Turbine Expired - Lifetime US3358965A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH608864A CH413202A (de) 1964-05-11 1964-05-11 Turbomaschine

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3358965A true US3358965A (en) 1967-12-19

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US454586A Expired - Lifetime US3358965A (en) 1964-05-11 1965-05-10 Turbine

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3358965A (sv)
CH (1) CH413202A (sv)
DE (1) DE1264675B (sv)
GB (1) GB1029647A (sv)
NL (2) NL6406514A (sv)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0189364A2 (en) * 1985-01-24 1986-07-30 Carrier Corporation Diffuser vane seal for a centrifugal compressor
US20140086725A1 (en) * 2011-08-15 2014-03-27 Wuxi Kaidi Supercharger Accessories Co., Ltd. Turbocharger with a double-vane nozzle system
EP4336051A1 (en) * 2022-09-12 2024-03-13 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Variable channel diffuser with moving floor
EP4336052A1 (en) * 2022-09-12 2024-03-13 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Variable vaneless diffuser with moving floor

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1989011583A1 (en) * 1988-05-27 1989-11-30 Malcolm George Leavesley Turbocharger apparatus
EP0571205B1 (en) * 1992-05-21 1997-03-05 Alliedsignal Limited Variable exhaust driven turbochargers
GB0804780D0 (en) * 2008-03-14 2008-04-16 Cummins Turbo Tech Ltd A variable geometry turbine
GB2585634A (en) * 2019-05-14 2021-01-20 Cummins Ltd Turbine
GB202213999D0 (en) 2022-09-26 2022-11-09 Rolls Royce Plc Dynamic sealing assembly

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2996996A (en) * 1958-01-20 1961-08-22 Sulzer Ag Radial diffuser for a radial turbomachine

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2996996A (en) * 1958-01-20 1961-08-22 Sulzer Ag Radial diffuser for a radial turbomachine

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0189364A2 (en) * 1985-01-24 1986-07-30 Carrier Corporation Diffuser vane seal for a centrifugal compressor
EP0189364A3 (en) * 1985-01-24 1988-05-04 Carrier Corporation Diffuser vane seal for a centrifugal compressor
US20140086725A1 (en) * 2011-08-15 2014-03-27 Wuxi Kaidi Supercharger Accessories Co., Ltd. Turbocharger with a double-vane nozzle system
EP4336051A1 (en) * 2022-09-12 2024-03-13 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Variable channel diffuser with moving floor
EP4336052A1 (en) * 2022-09-12 2024-03-13 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Variable vaneless diffuser with moving floor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL6406514A (sv) 1965-11-12
CH413202A (de) 1966-05-15
NL121768C (sv)
GB1029647A (en) 1966-05-18
DE1264675B (de) 1968-03-28

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