US3355373A - Method for adjusting the bath composition in a continuous electrodeposition process - Google Patents

Method for adjusting the bath composition in a continuous electrodeposition process Download PDF

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Publication number
US3355373A
US3355373A US334333A US33433363A US3355373A US 3355373 A US3355373 A US 3355373A US 334333 A US334333 A US 334333A US 33433363 A US33433363 A US 33433363A US 3355373 A US3355373 A US 3355373A
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bath
coating
strip
tank
passing
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US334333A
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George E F Brewer
Gilbert L Burnside
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Ford Motor Co
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Ford Motor Co
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Priority to US334333A priority Critical patent/US3355373A/en
Priority to DE19641546929 priority patent/DE1546929A1/de
Priority to NL646415097A priority patent/NL142336B/xx
Priority to FR40A priority patent/FR1420047A/fr
Priority to SE15879/64A priority patent/SE328453B/xx
Priority to BE657751D priority patent/BE657751A/xx
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/44—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes for electrophoretic applications
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D13/00—Electrophoretic coating characterised by the process
    • C25D13/22—Servicing or operating apparatus or multistep processes

Definitions

  • One preferred embodiment of this method comprises feeding such dispersion to a first bath in a tank in which electrically conductive workpieces are continuously coated by electrically induced deposition, feeding a small quantity of such dispersion to a second bath in a smaller tank, continuously passing a strip of electrically conductive sheet material through said second bath at a rate such that the ratio of the volume of said second bath to the surface area of said sheet material passing therethrough per unit time is significantly smaller than the ratio of the volume of said tirst bath to the surface area of the workpieces passing therethrough per unit time, electrodepositing coating material on said sheet material as it passes through said second bath, monitoring the coating electrodeposited on said sheet material from said second bath, and adjusting the replacement feed to said first bath in accordance with changes in the coating formed on said sheet material.
  • This invention relates to the coating of an electrically conductive object by electrically induced deposition of an electrically charged, relatively nonconductive or relatively nonionic coating material from a liquid bath.
  • this invention is concerned with .continuous electrocoating processes wherein metallic objects are coated in an aqueous medium with an organic coating material dispersed therein. More particularly, this invention is concerned with methods and means for predicting the electrocoating process requirements for a given coating formulation and or predicting the performance of a given coating formulation with time in a continuous electrocoating process.
  • one method for maintaining bath constancy is to employ a make-up feed in which the relative concentrations of components differ from those of the bath at coating initiation, i.e., by replenishing the components of the bath in accordance with their relative rates of depletion.
  • lt is another object of this invention to provide effective method and means for reducing the time required to determine the effective life expectancy of a given coating formulation in a continuous electrocoating operation with replenishment of the various bath components at an optimum rate.
  • this invention comprises the methods, combinations, construction and arrangement of parts hereinafter described and/or illustrated in the ac companying drawing wherein:
  • FIGURE l is a partially schematic, partially sectional side view of one embodiment of the device of this invention.
  • FIGURE 2 is a perspective view of a strip of coil stock adapted for use with the device of FIGURE l.
  • a power supply unit 11 is shown in electrical connection with motor 13 which, through a conventional belt and pulley arrangement, drives sprocket wheels 15 and 17 positioned above opposite sides of substantially U-shaped coating tank 19 at adjustable but synchronized peripheral speeds.
  • One terminal of power unit 11 is in electrical connection with tank 19 and secondary electrode 21 within tank 19. Except for the electrical connections with power unit 11, tank 19 and electrode 21 are insulated from the rest of the system and may be insulated from each other.
  • a second terminal of power unit 11 is in electrical connection with the coil stock 23 0f roll 25 and with ground.
  • Power unit 11 is constructed and arranged to receive electrical energy from a conventional alternating current power source, and through conventional rectiers to convert such energy to a direct current or its equivalent. Power unit 11 ordinarily is designed to provide the system with a direct current adjustable in the range of O to of the aforementioned resins ⁇ 2 square feet since to 500 volts or greater. Motor unit 11, as here shown, or
  • tank 19 containe an aqueous electrocoating bath 29 supplied at a predetermined rate from paint feed tank 31 via conduit 33, pump 35 and conduit 37.
  • Pump 35 is actuated by conventional power means not shown. In one embodiment this bath is continuously recycled to feed tank 31 via conduit 39.
  • Feed tank 31 is provided with agitation means 41 and is in turn supplied from paint supply source 49 via conduit 43, pump 45 and conduit 47. Pump 45 is actuated by conventional power means, not shown.
  • Organic coating Vmaterials which may be used in an electrocoating bath include, but not by way of limitation, alkyd resins, acrylate resins, epoxy resins, phenolformaldehyde resins and various other organic resins or mixtures of the foregoing with each other or other filmforming materials including binding agents and extenders conventionally employed with water based paints.
  • Such materials may include or be employed with other organic monomers and/ or polymers including, but not by way of limitation, hydrocarbons and oxygen substituted hydrocarbons such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, various monohydric alcohols and various carboxylic acids, ethers, aldehydes and ketones.
  • the film-forming material may include or be employed withpigments, metallic particles, dyes, drying oils, etc., and may be dispersed as a colloid, emulsion or emulsoid.
  • Coating materials adapted for anodic deposition may include one or more of the aforementioned resins having free carboxyl Uroups or other suitable acid or acid forming groups in their polymeric structure. Dispersion of these resins in water can be effected by the addition of a suitably basic material such as ammonia, water soluble amines, mixtures of polymeric and water soluble amines etc.
  • Coating materials adapted for cathodic deposition may include one or more having amine or substituted amine groups, eg.
  • quaternary ammonium groups in their resin structure.
  • Dispersion of the latter resins can be effected by the addition of suitably acidic materials such as water soluble carboxylic acids, eig., acetic acid, propionic acid, etc., and suitably buffered forms of certain inorganic acids, eg., phosphoric.
  • suitably acidic materials such as water soluble carboxylic acids, eig., acetic acid, propionic acid, etc.
  • suitably buffered forms of certain inorganic acids eg., phosphoric.
  • the volume to surface ratio with respect to operational volume of tank 19, i.e., the volume of bath 29, and coil stock 23 is considerably lower than the corresponding relationship in a production unit and preferably in the range of about 2-5 to l gal./sq. ft. This ratio may be varied with the specic embodiment.
  • a segment of coil stock 1 foot square, i.e., a totalsurface area of about both sides are immersed, would be in residence Vin a -gallon bath.
  • a U-shaped member 19-1 is positioned within tank 19 as indicated in broken outline in FIGURE l.
  • the device is threaded by drawing a strip of coil stock from roll 25, under guide roll 51, over sprocket wheel 17, between sprocket wheel 17 and guide roll 53, through tank 19, over sprocket wheel 15, under guide roll 55, over drip tank 57, under guide roll 59, over payout sprocket wheel 61 and to a receiving means here indicated by roll 63 which may also be belt driven in synchronization with the aforementioned sprocket wheels by means not shown.
  • the coil strip 23 is slotted as shown in FIGURE 2 to provide engaging means for the teeth of sprocket wheels 15, 17 and 61.
  • Sprocket wheel 61 is interconnected with sprocket via a conventional belt and pulley arrangement and is driven by the turning of sprocket wheel 15 Which in turn is driven by motor 13.
  • Coil stock 23 is a flexible metal strip the surface of which has been cleaned, sanded, chemically treated etc., in the same manner as the surfaces of the intended workpieces for the production unit.
  • coil stock 23 is positioned on sprocket wheels 15 and 17 so formic acid,
  • guide roll 55 serves to direct the motion of the coil stoc-k 23 below the highest point to which the coil stock rises when leaving the bath.
  • means are provided to prevent bath uid carried from the bath by the rising strip to flow back into the bath after it reaches a predetermined point.
  • Tank 19 is also in fluid communication with a plurality of bath control means.
  • control means include a temperature control unit 101, an ion exchange type filtration unit 201 and a dialysis type filtration unit 301.
  • Temperature control unit tinuously controlling the coating bath temperature through either heating or cooling. moved from coating tank 19 via conduit 103. It is passed via pump 105, driven Vby power means not shown, through a heat exchanger 107 and returned to tank 19 via conduit 109, valve 111 and conduit 113.
  • Heat exchanger iiud eg., transformer oil, is passed from a heater and refrigeration unit through conduit 117, through heat exchange unit 107Y and returned to heater and refrigeration Y unit 115 via conduit 112. Inside heat exchanger 107' the bath fluid and the heat exchange iluid pass in heat exchange relationship with each other through adjacent conduits. In this mode of operation above described valve 111 is open.
  • the heat exchange unit illustrated provides one form of external heat exchange. It is within the scope of this invention to control the bath temperature through use of an internal heat exchanger.
  • An ion exchange unit 201 may be brought into the operation by opening valve 205 and closing valve 111.
  • valve 111 When valve 111 is closed and valve 205 is open the bath uid leaving heat exchange unit 107 via conduit 109 is passed via conduit 203, valve 205, conduit 207, ion exchange tank 209 and conduit 211 into conduit 113 through which it is Y K change material comprises an organic carboxylic or sulfonic acid comprising resin.
  • Removal through ion exchange means is essentially limited to the removal of ionic or electrically Vcharged materials. It is often desirable to remove bath components,
  • a dialysis unit 301 is provided.
  • This Vunit is Y brought into the operation by continuously removing bath liquid from tank 19 via conduit 303 and passing it via pump 305 and conduit 307 through dialysis unit 309 from whence it is recycled to tank 19 via conduit 311.
  • Pump 305 is Ypowered by conventional means not shown.
  • Dialysis unit 309 is a conventional compartmentalized dialysis unit the compartments of which are separated by membraneous or porous walls or diaphragms which admit the escape of particles of less than a predetermined maximum size. Such particles escape into water compartments adjacent thereto which are supplied with water via conduit 313 and evacuated via conduit 315.
  • the coil stock is indicated to be positive and grounded While the tank 19 and electrode 21, when the latter is used, are negatively charged. It is within the scope of this invention to change or reverse the electrical condition of these components in any 101 provides means for con# Bath fluid is continuously re-V manner compatible with the electrocoating operation being tested.
  • a counter 71 is actuated by the belt drive means between motor 13 and sprocket wheel 15 to provide a record of the length of coil stock passing through the bath.
  • a plurality of supply rolls similar to roll 25 are positioned in line and the coil stock drawn therefrom is passed through a laterally extended bath as parallel bands which can be alternately lifted from the bath and submerged into the bath.
  • one or more segmented coil strips are employed in lieu of the continuous strip employed in the illustrated embodiment.
  • alternating conductive and nonconductive segments are passed through the bath with the conductive segments making contact with an electrode of proper polarity while in Contact with the bath.
  • control units which advantageously are positioned in conduit 39, provide means to continuously measure and record the density, viscosity, conductivity, surface tension and pH of the bath.
  • EXAMPLE I An electrocoating bath of approximately gallons of which 7.25% was non-volatile material was prepared by dispersing gallon red primer (a carboxylic acid resin and iron oxide pigment) in 4% gallons of water and 200 ml. of concentrated ammonia.
  • gallon red primer a carboxylic acid resin and iron oxide pigment
  • Electrocoating was carried out using this formulation at 85 F., 200 volts, and 5.0 amperes.
  • the coating operation was carried out using apparatus correspondingV to that shown in FIGURE l of the drawing.
  • the coil stock employed was 12 inches wide.
  • the continuous coating was carried out with 12 inches of Athe strip submerged in bath while the strip was passed through the bath at the rate of l2 inches per minute. In this operation a workpiece was in electrical connection with ground and was positive with respect to the coating tank. Downstream from the bath segments of the coated strip were clipped at 1/2 hour intervals and finished in the conventional manner, i.e., by rinsing, baking, etc.
  • the coatings on the clipped segments were measured and found to have an average thickness of about 1.0 mili0.1 mil.
  • EXAMPLE II A second electrocoating bath was prepared from 32/3 quarts of black primer and 161/3 quarts of tap water containing a water soluble amine. The coating was carried out in the same manner aforedescribed in Example I. A 0.7 mil coating was produced on the coil stock using 150 volts and 5.4 amperes at F. In the course of coating 410 sq. ft. of coil stock, 31/2 quarts of the primer were added to maintain the bath solids at a constant concentration. At this time pinholes began to appear in the coating. Thus, addition of each gallon of this primer would provide for the coating of 470 sq. ft. of surface. The loss from bath dumping -would reduce the a'ective coverage of this formulation to about 230 sq. ft. per gallon of paint using the apparatus aforedescribed.
  • EXAMPLE III A third electrocoating formulation was prepared using l gallon of a similar but different primer and 4 gallons of water. The coating process was carried out as in the previous examples except that a 0.9 -mil coating was produced at 225 volts, l1 amperes, and 110 F. A total of 2.4 gallons of primer were added while 1,170 sq. ft. of coil stock were being coated. A peculiar incompatibility of resinous materials was then evidenced by large discolored spots in the coating. Examples of the discolored coatings and the coatings made prior to this form of bath failure were subjected to sait spray tests after finishing. These tests showed a gradual decline in salt spray resistance from the time the iirst coatings were made through the time of bath failure. Chemical analysis of the deteriorated coating bath revealed that the replacement primer was deficient in one of the components of the original bath. This deficiency was restored and the coatings made thereafter revealed that the appearance and durability of the film were restored thereby.
  • EXAMPLE IV A 3,600 gallon electrocoating bath was prepared employing the formulation of Example II and coating was carried out in a production type tank through which automobile wheels were passed While suspended from an overhead conveyor. In the larger tank about sq. ft. of steel surface were coated per minute at a constant current of about 330 amperes.
  • a S-gallon bath of the same formulation was placed in the aforedescribed apparatus of this invention. A series of tests were conducted with both the S-gallon and 3,600-gallon tanks. In the two operations the current draw was found to be affected by the total workpiece surface area submerged at any given time and by the workpiece surface area entering per: unit time. Otherwise stated the current required is the sum of the current owing between the workpiece surface area within the bath and the electrode or electrodes of opposite polarity plus the current requirements determined' by the rate at which workpiece area is introduced into the bath.
  • EXAMPLE VI A continuous electrocoating operation is carried out wherein an electrically conductive strip is provided with an organic coating by electrically induced deposition in accordance with the procedures of the preceding example and with the additional step that the density ofthe coating bath is continuously measured and recorded.
  • EXAMPLE VH A continuous electrocoating operation is carried out wherein an electrically conductive strip is provided with an organic coating by electrically induced deposition in accordance with the procedures of the preceding example and with the additional step that the viscosity of the coating bath is continuously measured and recorded.
  • EXAMPLE VH1 A continuous electrocoating operation is carried out wherein an electrically conductive strip is provided with an organic coating by electrically induced deposition in accordance with the procedures of the preceding example and with the additional step that the conductivity of the coating bath is continuously measured and recorded.
  • nonconductive coating material and relatively nonconductive coating material refer to 4a substance having a specific electrical resistance above that of the coating bath in which it. is dispersed and above about 50G-ohm centimeters at 75 vF.
  • ZJIn a method of operating a continuous electrocoating operation wherein electrically conductive objects are provided withan organic coating by electrically induced deposition of organic coating material upon said objects While-said objects are passing through a coating bath comprisingan aqueous dispersi-on of said organic coating material vretained in a coating tank, the improvement which comprises removing a portion of said bath, forming a second bath consisting of said portion, passing a continuous strip of electrically'conductivc sheet material' through said second bath at a rate such that therratioY of the volume of said second bath to the surface area of said strip passing therethrough perrunit time is significantly smaller than the ratio ofthe volume of said tirst bath to the surface area ofthe workpieces passing therethrough per unit time, transmitting a direct current of electrical energyV through said second bath between the segment of said strip within said second bath and au elect-rode in contact with saidr vided with an organic coating by electrically induced Y deposition of organicrco'ating material upon said objects While said objects are passing
  • a method for adjusting the coating properties of an electrodepositable organic coating material in electrically induced deposition from an aqueous dispersion thereof which comprises forming a coating bath comprising an aqueous dispersion of said coating material, continuously passing a strip of sheet material at least a portion of which is electrically conductive at a predetermined rate through said bath, providing a direct current of electrical energy through said bath between an electrically conductive segment of said strip passing through said bath and an electrode in Contact with said bath and spaced apart from said strip and electrodepositing a coating of said 10 organic coating material upon said strip as said strip passes through said bath, monitoring the coating thus formed upon said strip and adjusting the replacement feed to said bath in accordance with changes in the coating formed on said strip.
  • a method for adjusting the coating properties of an electrodepositable organic coating material in electrically induced deposition from an aqueous dispersion thereof which comprises forming a coating bath comprising an aqueous dispersion of a Water-soluble amine and an organic resin having free carboxyl groups thereon, continuously passing a strip of sheet material at least a portion of which is electrically conductive at a predetermined rate through said bath, providing a direct current of electrical energy through said bath between an electrically conductive segment of said strip passing through said bath and an electrode in contact with said bath and spaced apart from said strip and electrodepositing a coating of said organic resin material upon said strip as said strip passes through said bath, monitoring the coating thus formed upon said strip and adjusting the replacement feed to said bath in accordance with changes in the coating formed on said strip.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
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US334333A 1963-12-30 1963-12-30 Method for adjusting the bath composition in a continuous electrodeposition process Expired - Lifetime US3355373A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US334333A US3355373A (en) 1963-12-30 1963-12-30 Method for adjusting the bath composition in a continuous electrodeposition process
DE19641546929 DE1546929A1 (de) 1963-12-30 1964-12-16 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum elektrischen UEberziehen von elektrisch leitenden Gegenstaenden mit einem UEberzugsmaterial in einem Fluessigkeitsbad
NL646415097A NL142336B (nl) 1963-12-30 1964-12-24 Werkwijze voor het continu elektroforetisch bekleden van voorwerpen.
FR40A FR1420047A (fr) 1963-12-30 1964-12-28 Perfectionnement au revêtement d'articles par dépôt électrique
SE15879/64A SE328453B (xx) 1963-12-30 1964-12-30
BE657751D BE657751A (xx) 1963-12-30 1964-12-30

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BE (1) BE657751A (xx)
DE (1) DE1546929A1 (xx)
NL (1) NL142336B (xx)
SE (1) SE328453B (xx)

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3444064A (en) * 1966-12-06 1969-05-13 Ford Motor Co Method for improving operational stability of electrocoating bath
US3444063A (en) * 1966-12-06 1969-05-13 Ford Motor Co Method for improving operational stability of electrocoating bath
US3444066A (en) * 1966-12-07 1969-05-13 Ford Motor Co Method of electrically induced deposition of paint on conductors
US3444065A (en) * 1966-12-07 1969-05-13 Ford Motor Co Method for electrodeposition of paint
US3475316A (en) * 1965-06-29 1969-10-28 Sherwin Williams Co Apparatus for measurement and control of nonvolatile components in liquid coating compositions
US3627661A (en) * 1969-02-13 1971-12-14 Ransburg Electro Coating Corp Electronic apparatus and method
US3658676A (en) * 1970-05-13 1972-04-25 Sherwin Williams Co Monitoring apparatus and process for controlling composition of aqueous electrodeposition paint baths
US3663399A (en) * 1970-09-17 1972-05-16 Ppg Industries Inc Treatment of electrodeposition bath
US3663403A (en) * 1970-11-27 1972-05-16 Ppg Industries Inc Double ion exchange of an ultrafiltrate derived from an electrodeposition bath
US3663398A (en) * 1970-09-14 1972-05-16 Ppg Industries Inc Ion exchange of an ultrafiltrate derived from an electrodeposition bath
US3663397A (en) * 1970-09-14 1972-05-16 Ppg Industries Inc Treatment of electrodeposition bath
US3716473A (en) * 1967-01-20 1973-02-13 J Domokos Method and apparatus for coating metal workpieces with water soluble or colloidal coloring matter emulsified in water
US3784460A (en) * 1971-03-11 1974-01-08 Ppg Industries Inc Combined electrodialysis and ultrafiltration of an electrodeposition bath
US3971708A (en) * 1971-07-08 1976-07-27 Scm Corporation Electrocoating process
US4026775A (en) * 1974-03-06 1977-05-31 Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corporation Electrocoating bath temperature control

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1589329A (en) * 1925-11-20 1926-06-15 Eastman Kodak Co Process of electrodepositing rubber upon a metal wire
US2576362A (en) * 1947-10-08 1951-11-27 Westinghouse Electric Corp Electrophoretic method of coating wire with graphite
US2793345A (en) * 1953-10-29 1957-05-21 United States Steel Corp Apparatus for measuring the thickness of a coating applied to a moving strip
US3093511A (en) * 1960-02-17 1963-06-11 Westinghouse Electric Corp Solid inorganic insulation for metallic conductors and electrical members insulated therewith
US3172779A (en) * 1965-03-09 Apparatus for measuring the amount of coating

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3172779A (en) * 1965-03-09 Apparatus for measuring the amount of coating
US1589329A (en) * 1925-11-20 1926-06-15 Eastman Kodak Co Process of electrodepositing rubber upon a metal wire
US2576362A (en) * 1947-10-08 1951-11-27 Westinghouse Electric Corp Electrophoretic method of coating wire with graphite
US2793345A (en) * 1953-10-29 1957-05-21 United States Steel Corp Apparatus for measuring the thickness of a coating applied to a moving strip
US3093511A (en) * 1960-02-17 1963-06-11 Westinghouse Electric Corp Solid inorganic insulation for metallic conductors and electrical members insulated therewith

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3475316A (en) * 1965-06-29 1969-10-28 Sherwin Williams Co Apparatus for measurement and control of nonvolatile components in liquid coating compositions
US3444063A (en) * 1966-12-06 1969-05-13 Ford Motor Co Method for improving operational stability of electrocoating bath
US3444064A (en) * 1966-12-06 1969-05-13 Ford Motor Co Method for improving operational stability of electrocoating bath
US3444066A (en) * 1966-12-07 1969-05-13 Ford Motor Co Method of electrically induced deposition of paint on conductors
US3444065A (en) * 1966-12-07 1969-05-13 Ford Motor Co Method for electrodeposition of paint
US3716473A (en) * 1967-01-20 1973-02-13 J Domokos Method and apparatus for coating metal workpieces with water soluble or colloidal coloring matter emulsified in water
US3627661A (en) * 1969-02-13 1971-12-14 Ransburg Electro Coating Corp Electronic apparatus and method
US3658676A (en) * 1970-05-13 1972-04-25 Sherwin Williams Co Monitoring apparatus and process for controlling composition of aqueous electrodeposition paint baths
US3663398A (en) * 1970-09-14 1972-05-16 Ppg Industries Inc Ion exchange of an ultrafiltrate derived from an electrodeposition bath
US3663397A (en) * 1970-09-14 1972-05-16 Ppg Industries Inc Treatment of electrodeposition bath
US3663399A (en) * 1970-09-17 1972-05-16 Ppg Industries Inc Treatment of electrodeposition bath
US3663403A (en) * 1970-11-27 1972-05-16 Ppg Industries Inc Double ion exchange of an ultrafiltrate derived from an electrodeposition bath
US3784460A (en) * 1971-03-11 1974-01-08 Ppg Industries Inc Combined electrodialysis and ultrafiltration of an electrodeposition bath
US3971708A (en) * 1971-07-08 1976-07-27 Scm Corporation Electrocoating process
US4026775A (en) * 1974-03-06 1977-05-31 Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corporation Electrocoating bath temperature control

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE328453B (xx) 1970-09-14
DE1546929A1 (de) 1970-08-20
NL142336B (nl) 1974-06-17
NL6415097A (xx) 1965-07-01
BE657751A (xx) 1965-04-16

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