US3354932A - Multiple-effect evaporator structure - Google Patents

Multiple-effect evaporator structure Download PDF

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US3354932A
US3354932A US459775A US45977565A US3354932A US 3354932 A US3354932 A US 3354932A US 459775 A US459775 A US 459775A US 45977565 A US45977565 A US 45977565A US 3354932 A US3354932 A US 3354932A
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effect
vapor
steam
steam chest
shell
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US459775A
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Warren E Hesler
Albert W Eckstrom
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Blaw Knox Co
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Blaw Knox Co
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D1/00—Evaporating
    • B01D1/26—Multiple-effect evaporating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S159/00—Concentrating evaporators
    • Y10S159/16—Vacuum

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  • This invention relates to the external structural form of a multiple-effect evaporator, the evaporator being illustrated in the form of a recompression quadruple effect evaporator.
  • the principal object is to compact and simplify the supporting structure of such a multiple-effect evaporator while at the same time rendering all parts of it more accessible for inspection, adjustment and repair.
  • Another object is to reduce the initial cost as well as the upkeep of such an evaporator.
  • FIG. 1 is la diagramma-tic representation of a multipleeffect evaporator embodying the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective View thereof, certain pipe connections being eliminated for clarity.
  • FIG. 3 is a side elevational View thereof, certain pipe connections again being eliminated for clarity.
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged top plan View thereof, certain pipe connections lagain being eliminated for clarity.
  • FIG. 5 is an enlarged horizontal section taken generally on line A5--5, FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 6 is a diminutive vertical section taken generally on line 6 6, FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 7 is an enlarged horizontal section taken generally on line 7-7, FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 8 is -a top plan View of the beam structure of the lower platform of the evaporator illustrating the manner in which the barometric leg of the barometric condenser forms a support for these and also the steam chest shells.
  • the invention relates to an external structural form of a multiple-effect evaporator, a recompression quadruple effect evaporator being shown, the four effects being designated at A, B, C and D, respectively.
  • Each of the effects can be of any usual and well known construction and can be of the natural circulation type or can be of the recompression type as shown.
  • the steam chests, evaporating chambers and preheaters of the several effects are similar in construction, and hence a description of one will be deemed to apply to all, the parts of the different effects being distinguished by the subscripts a, b, c and d respectively.
  • the first effect comprises a large upright cylindrical steam chest shell 10a having an upper and lower end heads 11a and 12a.
  • Upper and lower tube sheets 13a, 14a are connected by a bundle of conventional downflow tubes 15a and form a steam or vapor space 16a surrounding these tubes.
  • the liquid to be concentrated is introduced from a line 17a through an inlet 18a into the space 19a above the upper tube sheet 13a, and flows down the tubes '15a into the chamber 20a from which a part flows through an outlet line 21a.
  • the liquid collects as -a body ice f 24a in the bottom of this flash chamber and flows out through an outlet line 25a into the line 21a.
  • Steam under pressure from a supply line 28 supplies a steam booster 29, FIGS. 1, 2, 4 and 5, which discharges via a line 30 into the steam space 16a of the first effect A and also has its suction line 31 connecting with the vapor line 32 which conducts vapor from the vapor separator 23a of the first effect A into the vapor space 16b of the steam chest shells 10b of the second effect B.
  • the vapor from the vapor separator 23b of this second effect B is conducted by a line 33, FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, to the vapor space 16e ⁇ of the steam chest shell 10c of the third effect C.
  • the vapor from the vapor separator 23a ⁇ of this third effect C is conducted by a line 34, FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, to the vapor space 16d of the steam chest shell 10d of the fourth effect D.
  • this barometric condenser comprises a vertical tubular condensing chamber 36 shown as supplied with condensing water from a water supply pipe 37, a vacuum of subatmospheric pressure is maintained in the condensing chamber 36 by a pair of two stage steam jet ejectors 38, 39 supplied with steam from a steam line 40.
  • FIG. 1 only, are in series with a condenser 41, supplied with condensing water from a line 42 interposed therebetween, the ejector 39 discharging to atmosphere.
  • the barometric condenser has a conical bottom 43 leading to the bar-ometric leg 44, FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 5, y6 and 7, of the condenser, the lower open end of which is submerged in the body of water 45 contained within a hot well 46 this body being maintained higher than the lower open end of the barometric leg 44 by a higher overflow 48 from the hot well.
  • the barometric leg 44 is of sufficient height (35 feet) to maintain, by atmosperic pressure on the body of water 45, a column of water extending up into the conical bottom 43 with a vacuum being maintained in the condensing chamber 36, the condensate produced by the spray water from 37 joining this colu-mn and ultimately settling into the hot well 46 and overflowing to drain at 48.
  • the material, such as orange juice, to be concentrated is supplied by a feed pump 50 to a preheater or heat exchange 51, FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, enclosed within a vertical tubular shell 52, the heating medium being Vapor from a branch 53 of the vapor outlet pipe 35 from the vapor separator 23d of the fourth effect D to the barometric leg E.
  • the condensate of the heating vapor is removed from the heat exchanger of preheater 51 by a condensate pump 54 and the preheater orange juice passes from this preheater 51 through a line '55 into a flash chamber 60, FIGS. l, 2, 3, 4 and 5.
  • This flash chamber 60 is in the form of ⁇ a vertical tubular shell ⁇ 61 having an upper end head 62 and a conical bottom 63 in which a body 64 of the orange juice collects and is removed by a pump 65 which discharges into a line 66 leading to another preheater 68.
  • a vacuum is maintained in the ask chamber 60 by a steam injector 70 supplied with steam from a steam line 71 and connected to the flask chamber 60 by a suction line 72.
  • the steam injector 70i discharges via a line 73 into the vapor line 35 supplying vapor to the preheater or heat exchanger 51 and barometric condenser E.
  • the preheater or heat exchanger 68 FIGS. 1, 4 and 5, is shown as being enclosed by a vertical tubular shell 75 from which the orange juice leaves through an outlet line 76.
  • the heating medium is the condensate from the vapor space 16d of the steam chest shell 10d transferred by a condensate pump 78 through an inlet line 79 to the preheater 68 and from which it is discharged by a discharge pump 80.
  • the orange juice from the outlet line 76 of the preheater or heat exchanger 68 is delivered to a preheater yor heat exchanger 85, FIGS. 1, 4, and 6, which is shown as being enclosed by a vertical tubular shell 86 from which the orange juice leaves through an outlet line 88.
  • the heating medium for this preheater or heat exchanger 85 is vapor from the vapor ⁇ space 16d of the steam chest shell d of the fourth effect D.
  • This heating medium is supplied via a plurality of horizontal tubes 89, FIGS. 1, 5 and 6, connecting the shells 10d and S6 not only to supply vapor from the vapor space 16d to heat the heat exchanger or preheater 85 but also to support this preheater shell 86 from this fourth effect steam chest :shell 10d.
  • the orange juice from the outlet line 88 of the preheater or heat exchanger 815 is delivered to another preheater or heat exchanger 90, FIGS. l, 2, 3, 4 and 5, which is shown as being enclosed by a vertical tubular shell 91 from which the orange juice leaves through an outlet line 92.
  • the heating medium for this preheater or heat exchanger 90 is vapor from the vapor space 16C of the :steam chest shell 10c of the third effect C.
  • This heating medium is supplied via a plurality of horizontal tubes '93 connecting the shells 10c and 91 not only to supply vapor from the vapor space 16e to heat the heat exchanger ⁇ or preheater 90 but also to support this preheater shell 91 from this third effect steam chest shell 10c.
  • the orange juice from the outlet line 92 of the preheater or heat exchanger 90 is delivered to another preheater or heat exchanger 95, FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, which is shown as being enclosed by a vertical tubular shell 96 from which the orange juice leaves through an outlet line 98.
  • the heating medium for this preheater or heat exchanger 95 is vapor from the vapor space 16b of the steam chest shell 10b of the second effect B. This heating medium is supplied via a plurality of horizontal tubes 99 connecting the shells 10b and 96 not only to supply vapor from the vapor space 16b to heat the heat exchanger or preheater 95 but also to support this preheater shell 96 from this second effect steam chest shell 10b.
  • the orange juice from the outlet line 98 of the preheater or heat exchanger 95 is delivered to another preheater or heat exchanger 100, FIGS. 1, 4 and 6 which is shown as being enclosed by a vertical tubular shell 101 from which the orange juice leaves through the line 17a to the steam chest shell 10a of the first effect A.
  • the heating medium for this preheater or heat exchanger 100 is live steam from a steam line 102, the condensate being removed by a pump 103.
  • the shell 101 of the steam fed heat exchanger 100 is preferably alongside and supported from the steam chest shell 10a of the first effect A, as by the tubular bracket supports 104 shown, but these are merely ⁇ supporting brackets and do not establish communication between the vapor space 16a of the steam chest shell 10a and this preheater which, as stated, is heated directly by live steam.
  • the orange jui-ce gathers Ias the body 24a in this vapor separator and is withdrawn via lines 25a and 21a by a pump 105a to the line 17b which discharges into the top chamber 19b of the second effect B. From this -chamber the orange juice flows down through the vapor heated tubes 15b into the bottom chamber 20b and thence out through lines 2lb and 2217, the latter leading into the second effect vapor separator 23b, FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7.
  • the orange juice gathers as the body 2411 in this vapor separator and is withdrawn via lines 25b and 2lb by a pump 105b to the line 17C which discharges it into the top chamber 19C of the third effect C. From this chamber the orange juice flows down through the vapor heated tubes 1-5c into the bottom chamber 20c and thence out through lines 21e ⁇ and 22e the latter leading into the third effect vapor separator 23C, FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7.
  • the orange juice gathers as the body 24C in this vapor separator and is withdrawn via lines 21e and 25e by a pump 105C to the line 17d which discharges it into the top chamber 19d of the fourth effect D. From this chamber the orange juice flows down through the vapor heated tubes 15d into the bottom chamber 20d and thence out through lines 21d and 22d, the latter leading into the fourth effect vapor separator 23d, FIGS. l, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7.
  • the orange juice gathers as a body 24d in this vapor separator and is withdrawn via lines 21d and 25d by a pump 1050,' which discharges it via a line 109 into a flash chamber 110.
  • This flash chamber 110 is in the form of a vertical tubular shell 111 having an upper end head 112 and a conical bottom 113 in which :a body 114 of orange juice collects and is removed by a discharge pump 115 to a discharge line 116 for the finished product.
  • a vacuum is maintained in the flash chamber 110 by a steam injector 120, FIGS. 1 and 4, supplied with steam from 'a stream line 121 and connected to the flash chamber 110 by a suction line 122.
  • the steam injector discharges via a line 125 into the vapor line 35 supplying vapor to the preheater or heat exchanger 51 and barometric condenser E.
  • the condensate from the bottom of the vapor space 16a in the first effect steam chest shell 10a fiows through a line 126e, FIG. 1, and past a check valve 127a into the vapor space 16b of the second effect B.
  • this and the condensate ⁇ developing in this vapor space 16b flows through a line 126b and past a check valve 127b into the vapor space 16C of the third effect C.
  • this and the condensate developing in this vapor space 16e ⁇ flows through a line 126e ⁇ and past a check valve 127e ⁇ into the vapor space 16d of the fourth effect D.
  • the numeral 130 represents a concrete slab which forms the base for the evaporator and is shown as extending to the edge of the hot well 46.
  • a circular slab 131 in turn supporting a metal disk 132, the leg 44 of the barometric condenser extending through registering concentric holes 133 and 134 in this circular slab and disk.
  • Upstanding plates 135 are welded along their lower edges to the disk 132 and along opposing vertical edges to the sides of the leg 44 of the barometric condenser E, four of these supporting plates being shown as evenly spaced around the leg 44 to project radially therefrom in vertical planes at right angles to each other.
  • each of these plates is provided with a radially outwardly projecting wing 136 for supporting the shells 10a, b, c or d of the steam chest of a corresponding effect, as hereinafter described.
  • the leg 44 of the barometric condenser supports the inner ends of a horizontal beam 137, FIGS. 6 and 8,
  • the vertical steam chest shells 10a, 10b, 10c and 10d are spaced in annular arrangement around the leg 44 of the barometric condenser E and are supported by this leg.
  • each of these steam chests is connected at its top and bottom to this leg 44 of the barometric condenser 'E by connectors or bracket means indicated generally at 145, FIGS. 2, 3, 5, 6 and 8.
  • Each of these connectors comprise two tubular metal sections 146, 148 which are open at their upper and lower ends, each section 146 having a cylindrical fac-e 149 fitting and welded to the side of the barometric condenser leg 44 and having an opposite vertical flat wall 150 adapted to be secured by bolts 151 to a flat wall 152 of the corresponding section 148 which flat wall 152 is held in face-to-face relation to the companion flat wall 150 by these bolts.
  • the outboard side is in the form of a cylindrical face 154 fitting an-d wel-ded to the side of the corresponding steam chest shells 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d.
  • These steam chest shells in turn support an upper platform 155, FIGS. 2, 3, 4 and 6.
  • This support is effected by Vertical triangular plates 156 having a vertical edge welded to the side of a companion steam chest shell 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d to project radially outwardly therefrom with reference to the barometric condenser leg 44 as best shown in FIGS. 2 and 6.
  • At their outboard ends these vertical triangular plates 156 support the circular channel rim 158 of the upper platform 155 and which supports the grating 159 of this platform as well as a circular fence 160 and also a guarded ladder 161 leading from the lower platform 142 to this top platform 155.
  • the vapor separators 23a, 23b, 23C, and 23d are spaced in annular arrangement around the bottom part-s of the annular array of steam chest shells 10a, 10b, 10c and 10d, FIGS. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. They are also supported on the lower platform 142.
  • the vertical cylindrical shell of each of these vapor separators has three channel-shaped brackets projecting in a horizontal plane in spaced relation to each other from the periphery of the vapor separator.
  • brackets are fixed to the vapor separator shells and have flat undersides to be supported over the radial beams 137, cross beams 140 and circular channel-shaped rim 139 of the lower platform 142 and to accomplish this support on these beams, these brackets are of different lengths and extend in different directions and are not spaced equal distances around the shell, all as best illustrated in FIG. 5. Accordingly, these three brackets supporting the vapor separator shells 23a are designated at 160a, 161a, 162g and t-he same numerals with the suffixes b, c and d have been used to -distinguish the corresponding brackets supporting the other vapor separators shells 23b, 23e and 23d.
  • the live steam is fed to preheater shell 10'1 of the preheater 100 for the first effect A, this preheater shell, FIGS. 1, 4 and 6, being supported from the steam chest shell 10a of this effect by a vertical series of horizontal brackets connecting these shells, these brackets preferably being of tubular form, but being blind in that their only function being to support the live steam preheater shell 101 from the steam shell 10a and not to establish communication between their vapor spaces.
  • the vertical tubular -shell 96 of the second effect B is supported from the steam chest shell 10b of this effect by the vertical series of horizontal t-ubes 99, FIGS. 1, 2, 3 and 5 which also conduct vapor from the steam chest vapor space 16b .to the interior of the preheater shell 96.
  • the vertical tubular shell 91 of the third effect C is supported from the -steam chest shell 10c of this effec-t by the vertical series of .horizontal tubes 93, FIGS. 1, 2, 3 and 5 which also conduct vapor from the steam chest vapor space 16e to the interior of the preheater shell 91.
  • the vertical tubular shell 86 of the fourth effect D is supported from t-he steam chest shell 10d of this effect by the vertical series of horizontal tubes 89 which also conduct vapor from the steam chest vapor space 16d to the interior of the preheater shell 86.
  • the shell 75 of the condensate fed preheater 68 is independently supported and depends from the upper platform 155, FIGS. 1, 4 and 5. Also the vapor fed preheater 51, FIGS. l, 4 and 5, is also independently supported and depends from the upper platform 155.
  • connections of the remaining piping and smaller components, such as the steam jet ejectors 38, 39, 70 and 120 are conventional.
  • the compact and simplified supporting structure essentially flows from the employment of the barometric leg 4 of the barometric condenser E as a main trunk and hanging and supporting the steam chest shells vertically 10a, 10b, 10c ⁇ and 10d as a cluster around this trunk and by hanging and supporting the heat exchangers or preheaters y86, 90, and severally on these steam chest shells. It will further be seen that the horizontal tubes 89, 93 and 99 supporting most of these heat exchangers or preheaters also provide for the passage of vapor from the vapor spaces of the supporting steam chest shells into the heat exchanger supported thereby.
  • a multiple effect evaporator comprising a barometric condenser having an upper condensing chamber, means supplying a coolant to said condensing chamber, means maintaining a vacuum in said condensing chamber, and a vertical barometric leg supporting said chamber and receiving at its upper end the condensate from said condensing chamber and open at its lower end, means supporting said barometric leg with its open lower end submerged in a body of water in a hotwell, a group of at least a first effect and a second effect steam chests surrounding said barometric leg above said hotwell and each enclosed in a tubular vertical shell having tubes surrounded by a steam space, bracket means supporting ⁇ substantially the full weight of each of said steam chest shells from said barometric leg and its supporting means, means introducing steam into the steam space of the first effect steam chest, means separating the vapor generated in such tubes of the first effect steam chest, means conveying said vapor into the steam space of the second effect steam chest, means separating the vapor generated in the
  • each sai-d conveying and transporting -means includes a preheating heat exchanger enclosed in a vertical tubular shell arranged alongside a corresponding one of said steam chest shells, bracket means supporting substantially the full weight of each said heat exchanger shell from its corresponding steam chest shell, said last mentioned bracket means supplying heating medium to said heat exchangers from their respective supporting steam chest shell-s.
  • a multiple effect evaporator as set forth in claim 1 wherein said means supporting said barometric leg comprises a horizontal base plate surrounding said barometric leg above said hotwell, and vertical plates rising from said base plate to extend radially outwardly from said 7 8 baromet-ric leg with their inner vertical edges secured 1,005,600 10/ 1911 Childs 159-20 to said leg. 1,318,793 10/1919 Newhall 159--20 4.
  • a multiple effect evaporator as set forth in claim 3 1,552,562 9/1925 Kirgan 159-17 wherein wings extend radially from the upper extremities 2,543,322 2/ 1951 Little et al.

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Description

MULTIPLE-EFFECT EVAPORATOR STRUCTURE 6 Sheets-Sheet l Filed May 28, 1965 www Nov. 28, 1967 W. E. HELER ET AL 3,35432 MULTIPLE-'EFFECT EVAPORATOR STRUCTURE 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed May 28, 1965 NOV. 28, 1967 W E, HESLER ET AL 3,354,932
MULTIPLE-EFFECT EVAPORATOR STRUCTURE Filed May 28, 1965V INVENTORS Warren E. Hesler t W. Ecks om 07u/a. @m/j ATTORNEYS Nov. 28, 1967 w E, HESLER ET Al. 3,354,932
MULTIPLE-EFFECT EVAPQRATOR STRUCTURE Filed May 28, 1965 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTORS Warren E. Hesler Alben` W. Eck trom @MLM ATTORNEYS Nov. 28, 1967 w. E. HESLER ET AL 3,354,932
MULTIPLE-EFFECT EVAPORATOR STRUCTURE Filed May 28, 1965 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTORS Warren EA Hesler Albert W. Eckstr m ATTORNEYS Nov. 28, 1967 w. E. HESLER ET An. 3,354,932
MULTIPLE-EFFECT EVAPORATOR STRUCTURE Filed May 28, 1965 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 INVENTORS Warren E. Hester Albert W. Eckstrom @mmfw ATTORNEYS United States Patent O 3,354,932 MULTIPLE-EFFECT EVAPORATOR STRUCTURE Warren E. Hesler, Williamsville, and Albert W. Eckstrom,
Snyder, N.Y., assignors to Blaw-Knox Company, Pittsburgh, Pa., a corporation of Delaware Filed May 28, 1965, Ser. No. 459,775 4 Claims. (Cl. 159-17) This invention relates to the external structural form of a multiple-effect evaporator, the evaporator being illustrated in the form of a recompression quadruple effect evaporator.
The principal object is to compact and simplify the supporting structure of such a multiple-effect evaporator while at the same time rendering all parts of it more accessible for inspection, adjustment and repair.
Another object is to reduce the initial cost as well as the upkeep of such an evaporator.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description and drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is la diagramma-tic representation of a multipleeffect evaporator embodying the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a perspective View thereof, certain pipe connections being eliminated for clarity.
FIG. 3 is a side elevational View thereof, certain pipe connections again being eliminated for clarity.
FIG. 4 is an enlarged top plan View thereof, certain pipe connections lagain being eliminated for clarity.
FIG. 5 is an enlarged horizontal section taken generally on line A5--5, FIG. 3.
FIG. 6 is a diminutive vertical section taken generally on line 6 6, FIG. 4.
FIG. 7 is an enlarged horizontal section taken generally on line 7-7, FIG. 3.
FIG. 8 is -a top plan View of the beam structure of the lower platform of the evaporator illustrating the manner in which the barometric leg of the barometric condenser forms a support for these and also the steam chest shells.
The invention relates to an external structural form of a multiple-effect evaporator, a recompression quadruple effect evaporator being shown, the four effects being designated at A, B, C and D, respectively.
Each of the effects can be of any usual and well known construction and can be of the natural circulation type or can be of the recompression type as shown. The steam chests, evaporating chambers and preheaters of the several effects are similar in construction, and hence a description of one will be deemed to apply to all, the parts of the different effects being distinguished by the subscripts a, b, c and d respectively.
Thus, the first effect, as shown in all of the figures except FIG. 3 in which it is concealed, comprises a large upright cylindrical steam chest shell 10a having an upper and lower end heads 11a and 12a. Upper and lower tube sheets 13a, 14a are connected by a bundle of conventional downflow tubes 15a and form a steam or vapor space 16a surrounding these tubes. The liquid to be concentrated is introduced from a line 17a through an inlet 18a into the space 19a above the upper tube sheet 13a, and flows down the tubes '15a into the chamber 20a from which a part flows through an outlet line 21a. The balance of the liquid 'flows through a line 22a into a vapor separator or flask chamber 23a. The liquid collects as -a body ice f 24a in the bottom of this flash chamber and flows out through an outlet line 25a into the line 21a.
Steam under pressure from a supply line 28 supplies a steam booster 29, FIGS. 1, 2, 4 and 5, which discharges via a line 30 into the steam space 16a of the first effect A and also has its suction line 31 connecting with the vapor line 32 which conducts vapor from the vapor separator 23a of the first effect A into the vapor space 16b of the steam chest shells 10b of the second effect B.
The vapor from the vapor separator 23b of this second effect B is conducted by a line 33, FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, to the vapor space 16e` of the steam chest shell 10c of the third effect C.
The vapor from the vapor separator 23a` of this third effect C is conducted by a line 34, FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, to the vapor space 16d of the steam chest shell 10d of the fourth effect D.
The vapor from the vapor separator 23d of this fourth effect D is conducted by a line 35, FIGS. l, 2, 3, 4 and 5, to a conventional barometric leg vacuum condenser E a feature of the invention residing in the leg of this barometric condenser forming the central supporting column for components of the several effects A, B, C and D, which are clustered up about and mounted on this leg. For this purpose, this barometric condenser comprises a vertical tubular condensing chamber 36 shown as supplied with condensing water from a water supply pipe 37, a vacuum of subatmospheric pressure is maintained in the condensing chamber 36 by a pair of two stage steam jet ejectors 38, 39 supplied with steam from a steam line 40.
These ejectors, FIG. 1 only, are in series with a condenser 41, supplied with condensing water from a line 42 interposed therebetween, the ejector 39 discharging to atmosphere.
The barometric condenser has a conical bottom 43 leading to the bar-ometric leg 44, FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 5, y6 and 7, of the condenser, the lower open end of which is submerged in the body of water 45 contained within a hot well 46 this body being maintained higher than the lower open end of the barometric leg 44 by a higher overflow 48 from the hot well. The barometric leg 44 is of sufficient height (35 feet) to maintain, by atmosperic pressure on the body of water 45, a column of water extending up into the conical bottom 43 with a vacuum being maintained in the condensing chamber 36, the condensate produced by the spray water from 37 joining this colu-mn and ultimately settling into the hot well 46 and overflowing to drain at 48.
The material, such as orange juice, to be concentrated is supplied by a feed pump 50 to a preheater or heat exchange 51, FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, enclosed within a vertical tubular shell 52, the heating medium being Vapor from a branch 53 of the vapor outlet pipe 35 from the vapor separator 23d of the fourth effect D to the barometric leg E. The condensate of the heating vapor is removed from the heat exchanger of preheater 51 bya condensate pump 54 and the preheater orange juice passes from this preheater 51 through a line '55 into a flash chamber 60, FIGS. l, 2, 3, 4 and 5.
This flash chamber 60, FIGS. l, 2, 3, 4 and 5, is in the form of `a vertical tubular shell `61 having an upper end head 62 and a conical bottom 63 in which a body 64 of the orange juice collects and is removed by a pump 65 which discharges into a line 66 leading to another preheater 68. A vacuum is maintained in the ask chamber 60 by a steam injector 70 supplied with steam from a steam line 71 and connected to the flask chamber 60 by a suction line 72. The steam injector 70i discharges via a line 73 into the vapor line 35 supplying vapor to the preheater or heat exchanger 51 and barometric condenser E.
The preheater or heat exchanger 68, FIGS. 1, 4 and 5, is shown as being enclosed by a vertical tubular shell 75 from which the orange juice leaves through an outlet line 76. The heating medium is the condensate from the vapor space 16d of the steam chest shell 10d transferred by a condensate pump 78 through an inlet line 79 to the preheater 68 and from which it is discharged by a discharge pump 80.
The orange juice from the outlet line 76 of the preheater or heat exchanger 68 is delivered to a preheater yor heat exchanger 85, FIGS. 1, 4, and 6, which is shown as being enclosed by a vertical tubular shell 86 from which the orange juice leaves through an outlet line 88.
The heating medium for this preheater or heat exchanger 85 is vapor from the vapor `space 16d of the steam chest shell d of the fourth effect D. This heating medium is supplied via a plurality of horizontal tubes 89, FIGS. 1, 5 and 6, connecting the shells 10d and S6 not only to supply vapor from the vapor space 16d to heat the heat exchanger or preheater 85 but also to support this preheater shell 86 from this fourth effect steam chest :shell 10d.
The orange juice from the outlet line 88 of the preheater or heat exchanger 815 is delivered to another preheater or heat exchanger 90, FIGS. l, 2, 3, 4 and 5, which is shown as being enclosed by a vertical tubular shell 91 from which the orange juice leaves through an outlet line 92. The heating medium for this preheater or heat exchanger 90 is vapor from the vapor space 16C of the :steam chest shell 10c of the third effect C. This heating medium is supplied via a plurality of horizontal tubes '93 connecting the shells 10c and 91 not only to supply vapor from the vapor space 16e to heat the heat exchanger `or preheater 90 but also to support this preheater shell 91 from this third effect steam chest shell 10c.
The orange juice from the outlet line 92 of the preheater or heat exchanger 90 is delivered to another preheater or heat exchanger 95, FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, which is shown as being enclosed by a vertical tubular shell 96 from which the orange juice leaves through an outlet line 98. The heating medium for this preheater or heat exchanger 95 is vapor from the vapor space 16b of the steam chest shell 10b of the second effect B. This heating medium is supplied via a plurality of horizontal tubes 99 connecting the shells 10b and 96 not only to supply vapor from the vapor space 16b to heat the heat exchanger or preheater 95 but also to support this preheater shell 96 from this second effect steam chest shell 10b.
The orange juice from the outlet line 98 of the preheater or heat exchanger 95 is delivered to another preheater or heat exchanger 100, FIGS. 1, 4 and 6 which is shown as being enclosed by a vertical tubular shell 101 from which the orange juice leaves through the line 17a to the steam chest shell 10a of the first effect A. The heating medium for this preheater or heat exchanger 100 is live steam from a steam line 102, the condensate being removed by a pump 103. The shell 101 of the steam fed heat exchanger 100 is preferably alongside and supported from the steam chest shell 10a of the first effect A, as by the tubular bracket supports 104 shown, but these are merely `supporting brackets and do not establish communication between the vapor space 16a of the steam chest shell 10a and this preheater which, as stated, is heated directly by live steam.
The orange juice from the line 17a from the preheater 100, FIGS. 1, 4 and 6, entering the upper chamber 19a of the steam chest shell 10a of the first effect A flows down through its steam heated tubes a into the bottom chamber a and thence out through lines 21a and 22a,
the latter leading into the first effect vapor separator 23a, FIGS. 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 and 7. The orange jui-ce gathers Ias the body 24a in this vapor separator and is withdrawn via lines 25a and 21a by a pump 105a to the line 17b which discharges into the top chamber 19b of the second effect B. From this -chamber the orange juice flows down through the vapor heated tubes 15b into the bottom chamber 20b and thence out through lines 2lb and 2217, the latter leading into the second effect vapor separator 23b, FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7. The orange juice gathers as the body 2411 in this vapor separator and is withdrawn via lines 25b and 2lb by a pump 105b to the line 17C which discharges it into the top chamber 19C of the third effect C. From this chamber the orange juice flows down through the vapor heated tubes 1-5c into the bottom chamber 20c and thence out through lines 21e` and 22e the latter leading into the third effect vapor separator 23C, FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7. The orange juice gathers as the body 24C in this vapor separator and is withdrawn via lines 21e and 25e by a pump 105C to the line 17d which discharges it into the top chamber 19d of the fourth effect D. From this chamber the orange juice flows down through the vapor heated tubes 15d into the bottom chamber 20d and thence out through lines 21d and 22d, the latter leading into the fourth effect vapor separator 23d, FIGS. l, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7.
The orange juice gathers as a body 24d in this vapor separator and is withdrawn via lines 21d and 25d by a pump 1050,' which discharges it via a line 109 into a flash chamber 110.
This flash chamber 110, FIGS. l, 4 and 5, is in the form of a vertical tubular shell 111 having an upper end head 112 and a conical bottom 113 in which :a body 114 of orange juice collects and is removed by a discharge pump 115 to a discharge line 116 for the finished product.
A vacuum is maintained in the flash chamber 110 by a steam injector 120, FIGS. 1 and 4, supplied with steam from 'a stream line 121 and connected to the flash chamber 110 by a suction line 122. The steam injector discharges via a line 125 into the vapor line 35 supplying vapor to the preheater or heat exchanger 51 and barometric condenser E.
For further economy in heat consumption, the condensate from the bottom of the vapor space 16a in the first effect steam chest shell 10a fiows through a line 126e, FIG. 1, and past a check valve 127a into the vapor space 16b of the second effect B. Similarly this and the condensate `developing in this vapor space 16b flows through a line 126b and past a check valve 127b into the vapor space 16C of the third effect C. Again this and the condensate developing in this vapor space 16e` flows through a line 126e` and past a check valve 127e` into the vapor space 16d of the fourth effect D.
The support for the above components of the quadruple effect evaporator is as follows:
The numeral 130, FIGS. 2, 3 and 6, represents a concrete slab which forms the base for the evaporator and is shown as extending to the edge of the hot well 46. Supported on this slab around the rim of the hot well is a circular slab 131 in turn supporting a metal disk 132, the leg 44 of the barometric condenser extending through registering concentric holes 133 and 134 in this circular slab and disk. Upstanding plates 135 are welded along their lower edges to the disk 132 and along opposing vertical edges to the sides of the leg 44 of the barometric condenser E, four of these supporting plates being shown as evenly spaced around the leg 44 to project radially therefrom in vertical planes at right angles to each other. At its upper end each of these plates is provided with a radially outwardly projecting wing 136 for supporting the shells 10a, b, c or d of the steam chest of a corresponding effect, as hereinafter described.
The leg 44 of the barometric condenser supports the inner ends of a horizontal beam 137, FIGS. 6 and 8,
which extends radially outwardly from this leg 44 of the barometric condenser E. The outer en-ds of these radial beams are severally supported by columns 138, FIGS. 2, 3, 6 and 8, rising from the concrete slab 130 and the outer extremities of these radial beams support a circular channel .rim 139, suitable segment shaped cross channel beams 140 also being provided between the radial beams 137 to support a grating 141 and provi-de a circular platform 142. A ladder 143 rises to this platform and which is also provided with a circular railing 144 around its rim.
The vertical steam chest shells 10a, 10b, 10c and 10d are spaced in annular arrangement around the leg 44 of the barometric condenser E and are supported by this leg. For this purpose each of these steam chests is connected at its top and bottom to this leg 44 of the barometric condenser 'E by connectors or bracket means indicated generally at 145, FIGS. 2, 3, 5, 6 and 8. Each of these connectors comprise two tubular metal sections 146, 148 which are open at their upper and lower ends, each section 146 having a cylindrical fac-e 149 fitting and welded to the side of the barometric condenser leg 44 and having an opposite vertical flat wall 150 adapted to be secured by bolts 151 to a flat wall 152 of the corresponding section 148 which flat wall 152 is held in face-to-face relation to the companion flat wall 150 by these bolts. The outboard side is in the form of a cylindrical face 154 fitting an-d wel-ded to the side of the corresponding steam chest shells 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d.
These steam chest shells in turn support an upper platform 155, FIGS. 2, 3, 4 and 6. This support is effected by Vertical triangular plates 156 having a vertical edge welded to the side of a companion steam chest shell 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d to project radially outwardly therefrom with reference to the barometric condenser leg 44 as best shown in FIGS. 2 and 6. At their outboard ends these vertical triangular plates 156 support the circular channel rim 158 of the upper platform 155 and which supports the grating 159 of this platform as well as a circular fence 160 and also a guarded ladder 161 leading from the lower platform 142 to this top platform 155.
The vapor separators 23a, 23b, 23C, and 23d are spaced in annular arrangement around the bottom part-s of the annular array of steam chest shells 10a, 10b, 10c and 10d, FIGS. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. They are also supported on the lower platform 142. For this purpose the vertical cylindrical shell of each of these vapor separators has three channel-shaped brackets projecting in a horizontal plane in spaced relation to each other from the periphery of the vapor separator. These brackets are fixed to the vapor separator shells and have flat undersides to be supported over the radial beams 137, cross beams 140 and circular channel-shaped rim 139 of the lower platform 142 and to accomplish this support on these beams, these brackets are of different lengths and extend in different directions and are not spaced equal distances around the shell, all as best illustrated in FIG. 5. Accordingly, these three brackets supporting the vapor separator shells 23a are designated at 160a, 161a, 162g and t-he same numerals with the suffixes b, c and d have been used to -distinguish the corresponding brackets supporting the other vapor separators shells 23b, 23e and 23d.
As previously indicated, the live steam is fed to preheater shell 10'1 of the preheater 100 for the first effect A, this preheater shell, FIGS. 1, 4 and 6, being supported from the steam chest shell 10a of this effect by a vertical series of horizontal brackets connecting these shells, these brackets preferably being of tubular form, but being blind in that their only function being to support the live steam preheater shell 101 from the steam shell 10a and not to establish communication between their vapor spaces.
In contrast, as previously described, the vertical tubular -shell 96 of the second effect B is supported from the steam chest shell 10b of this effect by the vertical series of horizontal t-ubes 99, FIGS. 1, 2, 3 and 5 which also conduct vapor from the steam chest vapor space 16b .to the interior of the preheater shell 96.
Similarly, the vertical tubular shell 91 of the third effect C is supported from the -steam chest shell 10c of this effec-t by the vertical series of .horizontal tubes 93, FIGS. 1, 2, 3 and 5 which also conduct vapor from the steam chest vapor space 16e to the interior of the preheater shell 91. Similarly, also as previously described, the vertical tubular shell 86 of the fourth effect D is supported from t-he steam chest shell 10d of this effect by the vertical series of horizontal tubes 89 which also conduct vapor from the steam chest vapor space 16d to the interior of the preheater shell 86.
However, the shell 75 of the condensate fed preheater 68 is independently supported and depends from the upper platform 155, FIGS. 1, 4 and 5. Also the vapor fed preheater 51, FIGS. l, 4 and 5, is also independently supported and depends from the upper platform 155.
The connections of the remaining piping and smaller components, such as the steam jet ejectors 38, 39, 70 and 120 are conventional.
From the foregoing it will be seen that the compact and simplified supporting structure essentially flows from the employment of the barometric leg 4 of the barometric condenser E as a main trunk and hanging and supporting the steam chest shells vertically 10a, 10b, 10c` and 10d as a cluster around this trunk and by hanging and supporting the heat exchangers or preheaters y86, 90, and severally on these steam chest shells. It will further be seen that the horizontal tubes 89, 93 and 99 supporting most of these heat exchangers or preheaters also provide for the passage of vapor from the vapor spaces of the supporting steam chest shells into the heat exchanger supported thereby.
What is claimed is:
1. A multiple effect evaporator, comprising a barometric condenser having an upper condensing chamber, means supplying a coolant to said condensing chamber, means maintaining a vacuum in said condensing chamber, and a vertical barometric leg supporting said chamber and receiving at its upper end the condensate from said condensing chamber and open at its lower end, means supporting said barometric leg with its open lower end submerged in a body of water in a hotwell, a group of at least a first effect and a second effect steam chests surrounding said barometric leg above said hotwell and each enclosed in a tubular vertical shell having tubes surrounded by a steam space, bracket means supporting `substantially the full weight of each of said steam chest shells from said barometric leg and its supporting means, means introducing steam into the steam space of the first effect steam chest, means separating the vapor generated in such tubes of the first effect steam chest, means conveying said vapor into the steam space of the second effect steam chest, means separating the vapor generated in the tubes of the second effect steam chest, means conveying said last mentioned vapor to said condensing chamber, and means conducting the material to be evaporated successively through the tubes of said first and second effect steam chests.
2. A multiple effect evaporator as set forth in cl-aim 1 wherein each sai-d conveying and transporting -means includes a preheating heat exchanger enclosed in a vertical tubular shell arranged alongside a corresponding one of said steam chest shells, bracket means supporting substantially the full weight of each said heat exchanger shell from its corresponding steam chest shell, said last mentioned bracket means supplying heating medium to said heat exchangers from their respective supporting steam chest shell-s.
3. A multiple effect evaporator as set forth in claim 1 wherein said means supporting said barometric leg comprises a horizontal base plate surrounding said barometric leg above said hotwell, and vertical plates rising from said base plate to extend radially outwardly from said 7 8 baromet-ric leg with their inner vertical edges secured 1,005,600 10/ 1911 Childs 159-20 to said leg. 1,318,793 10/1919 Newhall 159--20 4. A multiple effect evaporator as set forth in claim 3 1,552,562 9/1925 Kirgan 159-17 wherein wings extend radially from the upper extremities 2,543,322 2/ 1951 Little et al. 159-17 of said vertical plates severally into supporting cngage- 5 2,707,022 4/ 1955 Hessler 159-27 ment with the corresponding steam chest shells. 2,954,821 10/196() Baumann et a1, 159 1 3,141,807 7/1964 Cook 159-17 References Clted UNITED STATES PATENTS NORMAN YUDKOFF, Primary Examiner. 378,843 2/1888 Lillie 159-17 10 I. SOFER, Assistant Examiner.
936,760 10/1909 Childs 159-47

Claims (1)

1. A MULTIPLE EFFECT EVAPORATOR, COMPRISING A BAROMETRIC CONDENSER HAVING AN UPPER CONDENSING CHAMBER, MEANS SUPPLYING A COOLANT TO SAID CONDENSING CHAMBER, MEANS MAINTAINING A VACUUM IN SAID CONDENSING CHAMBER, AND A VERTICAL BAROMETRIC LEG SUPPORTING SAID CHAMBER AND RECEIVING AT ITS UPPER END THE CONDENSATE FROM SAID CONDENSING CHAMBER AND OPEN AT ITS LOWER END, MEANS SUPPORTING SAID BAROMETRIC LEG WITH ITS OPEN LOWER END SUBMERGED IN A BODY OF WATER IN A HOTWELL, A GROUP OF AT LEAST A FIRST EFFECT AND A SECOND EFFECT STEAM CHESTS SURROUNDING SAID BAROMETRIC LEG ABOVE SAID HOTWELL AND EACH ENCLOSED IN A TUBULAR VERTICAL SHELL HAVING TUBES SURROUNDED BY A STEAM SPACE, BRACKET MEANS SUPPORTING SUBSTANTIALLY THE FULL WEIGHT OF EACH OF SAID STEAM CHEST SHELLS FROM SAID BAROMETRIC LEG AND ITS SUPPORTING MEANS, MEANS INTRODUCING STEAM INTO THE STEAM SPACE OF THE FIRST EFFECT STEAM CHEST, MEANS SEPARATING THE VAPOR GENERATED IN SUCH TUBES OF THE FIRST EFFECT STEAM CHEST, MEANS CONVEYING SAID VAPOR INTO THE STEAM SPACE OF THE SECOND EFFECT STEAM CHEST, MEANS SEPARATING THE VAPOR GENERATED IN THE TUBES OF THE SECOND EFFECT STEAM CHEST, MEANS CONVEYING SAID LAST MENTIONED VAPOR TO SAID CONDENSING CHAM-
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Cited By (9)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3475281A (en) * 1966-11-01 1969-10-28 Rosenblad Corp Recompression evaporator system and method
US3766020A (en) * 1971-10-27 1973-10-16 Us Interior Steam jet ejectors to reduce pressure in and produce stripping steam for deaerator
US3872910A (en) * 1970-02-04 1975-03-25 Bertrams Ag Hch Method of concentrating caustic solutions
US3890207A (en) * 1970-11-05 1975-06-17 El Paso Southern Co Air and water pollution control
US4313787A (en) * 1979-08-03 1982-02-02 Laguilharre S.A. Method for preheating the air circulating in an installation comprising an evaporator coupled to a drying unit
EP0074509A2 (en) * 1981-09-15 1983-03-23 Wiegand Karlsruhe GmbH Concentration apparatus
FR2609722A1 (en) * 1987-01-15 1988-07-22 Gea Wiegand Gmbh Extn. of high alcohol mixt. from low alcohol mash
US4886574A (en) * 1987-05-01 1989-12-12 Apv Gaulin, Inc. Citrus juice concentrate processor
US5188857A (en) * 1987-05-01 1993-02-23 Apv Gaulin, Inc. Citrus juice concentrate method

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US1005600A (en) * 1911-08-19 1911-10-10 George Wesley Childs Evaporating apparatus.
US1318793A (en) * 1919-10-14 Evaporating apparatus and method of operating the same
US1552562A (en) * 1923-07-12 1925-09-08 Ingersoll Rand Co Multiple-effect evaporating apparatus
US2543322A (en) * 1948-03-29 1951-02-27 Goslin Birmingham Mfg Company Means for supporting evaporators and vapor pipes thereof
US2707022A (en) * 1951-01-15 1955-04-26 Whiting Corp Heater for multiple effect evaporators
US2954821A (en) * 1954-04-23 1960-10-04 Arnold W Baumann Sterile vacuum pan
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US1318793A (en) * 1919-10-14 Evaporating apparatus and method of operating the same
US936760A (en) * 1903-12-30 1909-10-12 George Wesley Childs Process of concentrating liquids.
US1005600A (en) * 1911-08-19 1911-10-10 George Wesley Childs Evaporating apparatus.
US1552562A (en) * 1923-07-12 1925-09-08 Ingersoll Rand Co Multiple-effect evaporating apparatus
US2543322A (en) * 1948-03-29 1951-02-27 Goslin Birmingham Mfg Company Means for supporting evaporators and vapor pipes thereof
US2707022A (en) * 1951-01-15 1955-04-26 Whiting Corp Heater for multiple effect evaporators
US2954821A (en) * 1954-04-23 1960-10-04 Arnold W Baumann Sterile vacuum pan
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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3475281A (en) * 1966-11-01 1969-10-28 Rosenblad Corp Recompression evaporator system and method
US3872910A (en) * 1970-02-04 1975-03-25 Bertrams Ag Hch Method of concentrating caustic solutions
US3890207A (en) * 1970-11-05 1975-06-17 El Paso Southern Co Air and water pollution control
US3766020A (en) * 1971-10-27 1973-10-16 Us Interior Steam jet ejectors to reduce pressure in and produce stripping steam for deaerator
US4313787A (en) * 1979-08-03 1982-02-02 Laguilharre S.A. Method for preheating the air circulating in an installation comprising an evaporator coupled to a drying unit
EP0074509A2 (en) * 1981-09-15 1983-03-23 Wiegand Karlsruhe GmbH Concentration apparatus
EP0074509A3 (en) * 1981-09-15 1983-04-20 Wiegand Karlsruhe GmbH Concentration apparatus
FR2609722A1 (en) * 1987-01-15 1988-07-22 Gea Wiegand Gmbh Extn. of high alcohol mixt. from low alcohol mash
US4886574A (en) * 1987-05-01 1989-12-12 Apv Gaulin, Inc. Citrus juice concentrate processor
US5188857A (en) * 1987-05-01 1993-02-23 Apv Gaulin, Inc. Citrus juice concentrate method

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