USRE21129E

USRE21129E - Nd effect

Info

Publication number: USRE21129E
Authority: US
Priority date: 1931-12-11
Filing date: 1938-03-28
Publication date: 1939-06-27

Description

June 27, 1939. B. FOX ET AL APPARATUS FOR EVAPORATING AND DISTILLING 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 SEA IVA 75/? IN Original Filed Dec. 11, 1931 a m u T v o 1 N t m mm m ms .6 m M a w [m 0 9 mm 0 Z NZ 0 ix Akin- 4 w 1 Wm i WWW. M @Wam. W mi vwam r fi m HE M i m I 0T. R u w 1 #4.? m fl WW M ,0 M N m w r Hm iilymg 6 2 FT & m w

June 27, 1939. r 5 ox ET AL Re. 21,129

' APPARATUS FOR EVAPORATING AND DIS'IfILLING 4 Shee ts-She et a I i 4 a z FROM 4/5 brat-070R CONDENSER as A fal-xmosr STEAM w x112 70 187 EFFZCT VAPOR our" I $35133;

. WASTE WATER 4 T0 2N0 FFE T OyERBOAHO T0 4/9 EJECTOH canon/s50 7/.

FROM, I57 1 EFF TEMP.

I f 3 a;

3/ B6 gwtwntoa/J i 14 1 2M) EFFECT 6' 1 mad Rea-21,129

June 27, 1939.-

B. FOX ET AL 'APPARATUS' FOR EYAPORATING AND DISTILLiNG 4 Sheets Sheet 4 Original Filed Dec. 11, 1931 awn 15. 1 0? and 1-1-01 Fig.3. a

Fig. 8 is a drawingrepresenting in diafiram- Reissued June 27, 1939 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE APPARATUS FOR EVAPORATING AND DISTILLING Original No. 2,078,377,- dated April 27, 1937, Se-

rial No. 580,286, December 11, 1931.

Renewed May 4, 1935. I Application for reissue March 28, 1938, Serial No. 198,562

. 16 Claims.

This invention relates to an improved apparatus for evaporating and distilling water and more particularly to such apparatus for use on board ships and the like where it is necessary to supply the fresh or pure water demands from sea water, Such demands are occasioned by-the losses occurring due to the operation of the ship's machinery, such as condenser, turbine, boiler, auxiliary engines, and the like, together with the ship's human needs, such as dr inking Water.

Heretofore apparatus of this description has comprised a plurality of units in the way of various-stage evaporators, condensers, feed heaters, separators, distillers, and the like, each constituting, to a more or less. degree, an individual unit requiring its own container or casing, together with its piping. and occupying a space by itself. Such an arrangement has been very uneconomical, especially on ships, due to its excessive weight and space requirements, and moreover has been inefficient due to its greater exposure of radiation-surface in the individual units and connecting piping.. Therefore, it is the especial object of our invention to combine the various necessary units required for the evaporation and distilling of sea water on board ships into and-upon a single shell container in such a compact and eflicient manner that there ensues as a result a considerable saving in costs, an increased efliciency of operation, and a reduction in the requirements of those two most important factors in ship design-weight and space.

Other objects and advantages will be apparent from the following. description, wherein reference is made to the accompanying drawings illustrating the preferred embodiment of our invention and wherein similar reference numerals designate similar parts throughout the several views.

Fig. 1 is a plan view of our improved apparatus.

Fig. 2 is a side elevation thereof.

Fig. 3 is a section taken along the line 3-3 of Fig. 6 viewed in the direction of the arrows.

Fig. 4 is a section-taken along the line 4-4 of Fig. 6 viewed-in the direction of the arrows.

Fig. 5 is a front end elevation thereof.

Fig. 6 is a partial and combined section in which the left half is taken along the line 6-4 of Fig. 2, and the right half is taken along the lineS-S of Fig. 4.

Fig. 7 is a detail section taken along matic form the flow system or the liquids to the line distilled, the .heating fluids therefor, and the condensate collecting means.

Referring now to the drawings, the numeral I0 I designates the container shell which comprises the cylindrical casing H, the front head l2, and

the rear head l3. This structure constitutes thetical wall l8, thevertical rib l9, and the horizontal ribs while the rear head is'simiIarIy reinforced by the members 2|, 22, and 23. ll of the casing H abut facially against the ribs I9 and 22. For'increased strength and rigidity stay-bolts 2|- extend from side to side horizontally on the center of the casing II and through bosses '25 on the ribs l6 and the wall It thereof. The stay-bolts 24 are threaded at the center for the nuts 26 and at the ends for the'nuts 21, and the said nuts are adjusted thereon in such a manner that-the stay-bolts 24 act both in tension and in compression to give rigidity and strength to the casing H and its vcentral wall Id.

The container shell I0 is thus divided by. the

The ribs walls I4, l8, 'and2l into two compartments'or chamberathe left hand one of which as viewed in Fig. 6 we-designate as the first efiect evaporator chamber 28; and the right hand one we designate as the second effect evaporator chamber 29.

Further sub-division of these chambers will be 1 hereinafter described.

Contained within the lower halves of the first with a horizontal wall which together with the front tube sheet forms the

enclosed chambers

28 and 31. An upper nest of tubes 38 and a lower nest of tubes 29 extend from the front; tube They are practically will apply to the other. The head 33 is provided 2 sheet to the rear tube sheet 49 and are supported intermediate the ends by a supporting tube sheet M. The latter is held in spaced relation to the tube sheet 49' by suitable means, such as the bolts 42. A cover head 43 together with the rear tube sheet 49 forms a chamber 44 with which the rear ends of all the tubes communicate. For supporting the

heaters

39 and 3| and for convenience in removing for cleaning and repair, the tracks 45 and 48 are provided on the interior of the casing II. Suitable notches in the rear tube sheet 49 and the supporting tube sheet 4| engage the tracks 45 and 45 to locate the heater in place and to guide it upon removal or replacement. The lower nest of tubes 39 is sloped and has an additional bend downward at the front end to aidin the discharge of container shell I9 and havetheir longitudinaledges bent downward, inward. and upward to form troughs openfor discharge at their ends. Above the baflies 59 and 59' at each side and fixed to the casing II are the single troughed baflles 5I and 5 I which also extend full length of. the container shell I9 and have their free edge troughed similar to the baiiles 59. All the bafiles 41,412 59, 59',

5|, and 5I' have their free ends supported orl angle brackets 52 fixed to the inner races otthe' the wall 54 and commanding the orifice 58 is the first effect vapor separator 59. Thefirst eflect vapor separator 59 comprises an open ended rec'- tangular frame 89 having a perforated floor plate BI, beneath which is fixed adished cover 92 having at its lower extremity an orifice in which is fixed a syphon drain pipe 83. Within the frame 89 are fixed the nested labyrinthine baflles 84..

At a mid position longitudinally the floor wall" is depressed to form a collecting trough which communicates with the exterior of the casing- II through an orifice 66, Contained within the va- -por feed heater chamber 53 is the first eil'ect vapor feed heater 61. The heater 51 is an integral unit removably attached to the front head I2. It comprises the conduit head 83, the tube sheet 89, and the nest of return tubes". The

conduit head 88 by reason of a dividing wall II i'orms together with the tube sheet .59 any inlet chamber 12 and an outlet chambe .13.

Within the second effect evapo ,,.tor chamber 29 at the top is the distilling condenser chamber.

- I4 formed by the walls 15 and I8 in the casing II, and the

mating walls

11 and 18 in the heads I2 and I3. The distilling condenserchamber I4 communicates with the second eflect evaporator chamber 29 through the orifices 19. Fixed to the outside face or the wall I5 and commanding the,

orifices 19 are the second effect vap'or separators 89. The separators 89 are identical indesign to Fixed to the outside face 01" the separator 59 hereinbefore described and need not be further described other than toenumerate the syphon drain pipes 8|.

At a mid position longitudinally the 'fioor wall 16 is depressed to form a trough similar to that 5- hereinbefore described for the

floor wall

55 and 7 distilling condenser 82 is a unit removably at- 10 tached to the front and rear heads, I2 and I3, respectively. It comprises the front conduit head 83, the rear cover head 84, the tube sheets and 86, the three sets; or nests, of tubes 81. 88, and 89, and the baflles 99 and 9I (Fig. '7). duit head 83 by reason of dividing

walls

92, 93, and 94 forms together with the tube sheet 85 the four

enclosed chambers

95, 96, 91, and 98. The chambers and 91 communicate one with the other by reason of an orifice 99 in the wall 93. 20

The rear cover head 84 by reason of a dividing wall I99 forms together with 'the tube sheet Blithe two enclosed chambers IN and I92.

Upon the exterior of the container shell l9 and its attached parts hereinbefore described are vari- 25 ous pipe connections and the like which we will now describe. In the front conduit head 83 an orifice I93 communicates the chamber 95 with the pipe I94; while the orifice I95 communicates the chamber 95 with the pipe I96; and the orifice 30 I91 communicates the chamber 98 with the pipe connection I98. Mounted upon the upper central part of the front head I2 is a standard type air ejector condenser I99 within which a nest of tubes communicate at the right end with the pipe connection I98, and at the left end these tubes communicate with the chamber 12 in the conduit head 58 by means of the .orifice I I9. Chamber I3 of the conduit head 68 is communicated with the pipe III by means of the orifice H2. The 40 pipe III forms a line leading to the throttle valve II3 mounted upon the float feed regulator II4 which communicates with the first eiiect evaporator chamber 28 by means of the orifice H5 in the casing II. municates with the pipe I I5, thence by means of the pipe III and the orifice II8 to the first eflect evaporator chamber 28. Communicating with the interior of the air elector condenser I99; at

the bottom is the pipe H9; at the front isthe' 5 pipe I29; and at the top is the pipe I2I-. The pipe I2I -forms a line leading to the standard type air ejector I22 which communicates with the distilling condenser chamber I4 by means of the orifice I23. The chamber I2 oi the conduit 55 head 98 communicates with the'pipe I24 by a suitable orifice (not shown). The pipe I25 forms a line communicating the orifice 89 with the chamber 39 by a suitable orifice in the head 33. The

chamber 36 by means of the orifice I25 communio0 cates with the pipe I21 which in turn communicates with the vapor feed heater chamber 53 by ,means of the orifice I28. An orifice I29 in the lowerhalt or the rear head I3 communicates the first eflect evaporator chamber 28 with the pipe 5 I38 leading to the throttle valve I3I mounted upon the float feed regulator I32 which commun1.. cates with the second eilect evaporator chamber 29 by means oi' a suitable-orifice in the casing I I.

The fioat feed regulator I32 communicates with 70 the pipe I33 leading to an orifice I34 inthe ens-- ing II, whic orifice communicates with a periorated pipe I3 within the second effect evaporator The con- 15 The float feed regulator II4 com.- 45

' second eflect evaporator chamber. The pipe communicates through an orifice Ill in the head I! with the chamber "2- The orifice Ill in thehead "communicates with the chamber II. The orifice Ill in'the head II communicates with the chamber 31. The orifice H2 in the casing ll communicates the chamber ll'with the pipe ill. The orifice I communicates the chamber ll with the pipe ill j- On each side of the casing ll observation windows I48 are suitably. mounted by means of which a view of theinterior may be obtained. Also on each side oi the casing Ii are provided orifices Ill communicating with the chambers 2| and 2|.

respectively, for the purpose oi mounting water gauge fittings (not shown) thechamber ll. Here, having served its i'unction as'a cooling agent for the distilling condenser l2, a large part oi the water is automatically deflected through the orifice III to. the discharge pipe Ill! and thence overboard. while theremainder required for distilling purposes circulates through the orifice I! to the chamber .1 and then rearwardly through the lower halt oi the nest of tubes .8 to the chamber ill and back through theupper half of the nest of tubes" to the chamber II. The water here leavesthe distilling condenser 82 by way oi the orifice Ill and the pipe connection I to enter the air ejector condenser I" and passing through the tube nest'therein emerges'through the orifice Hi to I the chamber II in theconduit head a of the vapor teed heater II. The water circulates through the return tubes II to the chamber ll,

' the water within the first eilect evaporator chamber 28 and is preferably awvalve controlled .by a

float of a type well known to those skilled inthe art. -The water that passes is led by the pipes ill and ill-to the orifice HI and thencevto the interior o! the first effect evaporator chamber II. In the passage of the water as Just described heat has been accumulated therein from thedistilling condenser", the air elector condenser III, and

the vaporv ieed heater ll. At :the same time exhaust steam from the ship's auxiliaries is flow- 'ing into and -through the pipe I to thecham be'r II of the first eiiect heater II. .The

news from the chamber I! through the upper tube nest 38' to chamber .M' and back throughthe tube nest I! to the chamber I1, and discharging as condensate through the orifice 011s piped to the ship's drain tank (not shown).

The exhaust flowing through the heater is is suflicient to' vaporisethe sea water within the chamber 2!, As the vapor rises from. the suriace thereof it is diverted through circuitous or tortuous paths by means or the bailea ll'yll',

andll'. The rising vaporas it impinges upon the bailes sca s or water and this is'gathered only the trclmhed From the chamber 88 the water flows rearwardly through the tube nest ll to the chamber 'IM, then forwardly through the tube nest I. to

pressure is drawn into the distilling condenser tends to "deposit filmed i 3 whereitdropsbackintothemainbodyotthe water away from the areaei vapor activity and thus avoids being carried along by the rising vapor. The vapor vthus somewhat dried rises ,to

the-top oi the chamber II and fiows through 5 the first eflect vapor separator It and in passing through the tortuous pathways formed by the labyrinthine baiiles 04 it is further dried. The entrained .water thus removed settles upon the perforated floor plate II and flows through to the dished cover '2 below and thence through the syphon drain pipe 3 to discharge upon the surface of the main body oi water. The vapor flows from the-separator It into the vapor feed heater tubes ll thus heating the fiowingfeed water therein. The condensate formed from the vapor during this heating of the feed water is collected in the trough II and is discharged therefrom chamber l3 and flows over and aroundreturn through the orifice 86 to and through the pipe III to the chamber I of the second efi'ect heater II. The vapor meanwhile flows outward i'rom the chamber ll through the orifice ill to and through the pipe Ill, and the orifice I into the chamber ll of the second eflect heater Ii. The vapor flows from the chamber 38 through theupper tube nest II to the chamber 44 and back through the tube nest I. to the chamber ll. From the chamber 31 the condensate discharges through the orifice MI and is led by suitable piping to a standard type fiash chamber (not shown) where the condensate is discharged to a condensate pump (not shown) for distribution; and the flash vapor liberated by the reduction of chamber 14 through the pipe I" and the orifice ill. The water in the second eilect evaporator chamber 18 is drawn by means hereinafter described from the first efiect evaporator chamber is through the orifice I28, the pipe Ill, and the throttle valve Ill, and into the float teed regula-- tor I32. Thisregulator III is identical in function and design to the regulator Ill hereinbeiore described. .The water that passes through the regulator 13! is led by the pipe I33 and the oriflce III to the perforated pipe I85 within the secthereoi. This water in the chamber 29 is vapor- 1 iaed by the heat of the vapor from the first eil'ect evaporator flowing through the heater II as here- II where it mingies with, the flash vapor irom the pipe: I duci'l ed. vapoi-s flowing over and around the. distilling con- 'ond efiect' evaporator chamber 2! at the bottom arators ll into the distilling condenser chamber denser-tun u and "are largely con-' densed-th'e condensate oil by way oi the orifice I, and the pipe- I to a condensatepump for distribution, while the remaining vapor .is withdrawn between the bailies I, and II throughthe orifice ill to lhe air-eiector'lllman ejector litisiunctioned 1 by a steam jet fed from a connection tothe auxiliary'steam line (not shownland tends to create .a vacumn'in the distilling condenser chamberllandintheaeconddeet'enporatcrcham,

being collected and por as just described and also to establish a pressure diflerential with respect to the first efiect evaporator chamber 28, which results in maintaining the feed water pressure fiow as hereinbefore described and in low pressure evaporation in the second eii'ect evaporator chamber 29. The

, with a cut-off valve I24 is provided whereby feed water from the chamber 12 of the first effect vapor feed heater 6'! may be discharged overboard. A brine discharge line pipe I31 is connected to the orifice I35 whereby water in the second effect evaporator chamber 29 that has become surcharged with salt may be pumped overboard and replaced by the normal feed water as hereinbefore described.

.It will now be apparent that we have devised a novel apparatus for evaporating and distilling, especially applicable ,to marine purposes but it will be manifest that it is useful and valuable for application to other fields. It will be readily seen from the above description that we have devised a novel heat exchange apparatus whereby the surface areas subject to heat radiation losses are reduced to a minimum by placing condensers,

distillers, heaters, and the like within a single container. We have made a considerable saving in the cost and weight of individual containers and piping required; all of which makes for general compactness of design with its consequent saving in space andweight-thus complying with the most valuable desideratum in the ship building art.

It is alsov apparent that the container shell ill could be of other shape than as shown and 'described without departing from the spirit of our invention, but we have shown it in our preferred form as being substantially cylindrical and horizontal. In this form it combines practically with a maximum of container volume and structural.

strength for a minimum-requirement of space 'and weight.

, Although we have described and-illustrated our invention in considerable detail, we do not wish tobe limited to the exact and specific details thereof as shown and described, but may use such modification in, substitutionfor or equivalent thereoi', as are embraced within the scope of our invention or as pointed out in the claims.

Having thus described our invention, what. we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In an apparatus for evaporating and distilling, a horizontal cylindrical container shell, said container shell being divided intotwo substantially equal compartments by an integral container shell normal to said wall and to said V opposed sides, oneoi said compartments having a vaporizing portion adapted to contain a heating unit and the liquid to be vaporized, a l

- vapor drying portion adapted to contain vapor drying units, and a vapor-condensing portion vapor drying portion and the condensing portion being inter-communicating, the other of. said compartments having, a vaporizing portion adapted to contain a heating unit and the liquid to be vaporized, a vapor drying portion adapted to contain vapor drying units, and a distilling condenser portiori adapted to contain .a distilling condenser unit, the second mentioned vaporizing portion together with the second mentioned vapor drying portion and the said distilling condenser portion'being inter-communicating, vacuum and vacuum condenser means mounted upon the said container shell in communication with the said distilling condenser portion of the. second otsaid compartmentspseparate fioat feed ment, and to the first mentioned vaporizing portion, piping means connecting the vapor condensing portion to the second mentioned heating unit, piping means connected in series to the first mentioned vaporizing portion,to the second compartment float teed regulator, and to the second mentioned vaporizing portion, pure water drain piping means communicating with the vacuum condenser, with the first mentioned heating unit, with the second mentioned heatin unit, and with the distilling condenser unit, and

undistilled' water drain piping means communicating with the vapor condensing unit, with the distilling condenser unit, and with the second mentioned vaporizing portion.

2.. In an apparatus for evaporating and distilling, a container shell comprising a plurality of compartments, one of said compartments adapted to automatically receive the liquid to be evaporated and distilled and to contain a heater means to heat and vaporize said liquid, battles and separator means adapted to collect condensate and return-it to the body of said liquid and vapor condenser means adapted to dry said vapor and collect the condensate, and a second of said compartments adapted to automatically receive liquid from the first compartment and to containa heater means heated by the dried va-' por from the first compartment, baflies and separatormearis adapted to collect'condensate from the-vapor rising in the secondcompartment and return'it to the body of the liquid, and distilling condenser means to, collect the condensate compartment heater piping, to carry the liquid to the first compartment through the circulating tubes of the distilling condenser, the air ejector condenser, and the vapor condenser before entering the said automatic feed means, and to collect and distribute the condensate from the distilling and air elector condensers.

3. In an apparatus for evaporating and dis- -tilling, a container shell containing a plurality of primary compartments, one of said primary compartment being divided into separate intercommunicatin vaporizing and condensing compartments, another of said primary compartments being divided into separate intercommimicating vaporizing and distilling compartments, heating units contained within said vaporizing compartment to the vaporizing compartment of the second mentioned primary compartment, and vacuum means mounted on the container shell. and connected to said distilling compartment whereby a pressure differential is maintained between the first mentioned primary compartment and the second mentioned primary compartment.

4. A multiple effect evaporating and distilling apparatus, comprising a first compartment and a second compartment within a single container, each of said compartments being adapted to contain a body of liquidseparated by a common wall, each of said compartments having a liquid vaporizing portion and a vapor condensing portion, heater means within said first compartment for heating and vaporizing liquid therein, means for conveying feed liquid in preheat heat interchanging relationship successively with vapor in the vapor condensating portion of said second compartment and the vapor condensating portion of said first compartment whereby said vapors in both compartments are condensed while preheating said feed liquid, means for conveying feed liquid thus preheated into the liquid vapor- 'izing portion of said first compartment, means for conveying heated liquid from said first compartment into said second compartment, means for conveying vapor from said first compartment into heat interchanging relationship with the liquid in said second compartment for vaporizing liquid therein, means for collecting for use condensates formed in both said first and said second compartments, and vacuum inducing means in communication with the vapor condensing portion of said second compartment whereby a vapor pressure differential .is maintained between said first compartment and said second compartment.

5. A multiple effect evaporating and distilling apparatus, comprising a first compartment and a second compartment within a single container each of said compartments being adapted to contain a body of liquid separated by a common wall, I each of said compartments having a liquid vaporizing portion and a vapor condensing portion, heater means within said first compartment for heating and vaporizing liquid therein, means for conveyingfeedliquidinpreheatheatinterchanging, relationship successively with vapor in the vapor condensating portion of said second compartment and the vapor condensating portion of said first compartment whereby said vapors in both compartments are condensed while preheating .said I feed liquid, means for conveying feed liquid thus preheated into'the liquid vaporizing portion of said first compartment, means for conveying heated liquid from said first compartment into said second compartment, means for conveying vapor from said first compartment intoheat interchanging relationship with the liquid in said second compartment for vaporizing liquid therein, means for collecting for use condensate formed in the vapor condensing portion of said second compartment, and vacuum inducing means in communication with the vapor condensing portion of said second compartment whereby a vapor pressure difierential is maintained between said first compartment and said second compartment. 1 r

I 6. A multiple efiect evaporating and distilling apparatus, comprising a first compartment and a second compartment within a single container, each of said compartments being adapted to contain a body of' liquid separated by a common wall,

each of said compartments havinga liquid vaporizing portion and a vapor condensing portion, heater means withinsaid first compartment for heating and vaporizing liquid therein, means for conveying feed' liquid in preheat heat interchanging relationship successively with vapor in the vapor condensating portion of said second compartment and the vapor condensating portion of said first compartment whereby said vapors in both compartments are condensed while preheating said feed liquid, means for conveying feed liquid thus preheated into the liquid.

compartment, means for collecting for use the condensate formed in the vapor condensing portion of said second compartment, and vacuum inducing means in communication with the vapor condensing portion of said second compartment whereby a vapor pressure diflerential is maintained between said first compartment and said second compartment.

' 7. A multiple efiect evaporating and distilling apparatus, comprising a first compartment and I a secondcompartment within a single container, each of said compartments being adapted to contain a body of liquid separated by a common vaporizing portion and a vapor condensing -poror said first compartment whereby said vapors in both compartments are condensed while preheat i ng said feed liquid, means for conveying feed liquid thus preheated into the liquid vaporizing por- 1 tion, heater means within said first compartment 7 tion of said first compartment, means for conveyin the vapor condensing portion of said second compartment, and means for maintaining a vapor pressure vdifierential between the'two compartments.

8. In apparatus for distilling aliquid, a single container, wail means within said container dividing the same into a first'comp'a'rtment and a second compartment so as to form separate distilling eifects, heater, means in each of said compartlfients each comprising a conduit forconducting fluids in heat exchanging relation with liquid to be evaporated in said compartments, a first condenser charnber connected to receive vapor from said first compartment, 9. second condenser chamber connected to receive vapor from said second compartment, means for conducting liquid to be distilled, successively in heat exchanging relation with vapor in the second condenser chamber and with vapor in the first condenser chamber and then into said first compartment, means for supplying a heating fiuid into the conduit -of the heater means in said first compartment whereby the liquid therein is evaporated and some of the vapor evolvedis condensed in the first condenser chamber by heat exchange with the conducting,

means of the incoming liquid, conduit means for conducting residuum liquid from said first compartment to said second compartment, conduit means for conducting uncondensed vapor from the first condenser chamber into the conduit of the heater means of said second compartment whereby the liquid in said second compartment is evaporatedand the vapor so evolved is condensed in the second condenser chamber, means for collecting for use condensates formed in said condenser chambers, and vapor exhausting means communicating with said second condenser chamber. I I

9. Inapparatus for; distilling a liquid, a single cylindrical container, a substantially vertical diametrically extending wall within said container dividing the same into a first-compartment and a second compartment so as to form separate distilling effects, heater means in each of said compartments each comprising a conduit for conducting fluids in heat exchanging relation with liquid to be evaporated in said compartments, 9. first condenser chamber connected to receive vapor from said first compartment, a second con-' W denser chamber connected to receive vapor from said second compartment, means for conducting liquid to be distilled, successively in heat exchanging relation with vapor in the second condenser chamber and with vapor in the first condenser chamber and then into said first compartment,

means for supplying a heating fluid into the conduit of the heater means in said first compartment whereby the liquid therein is evaporated and some of the vapor evolved is condensed in the first condenser chamber by'heat exchange with in said condenser chambers, and vapor exhaustingmeans communicating with said second condenser chamber.

10. In apparatus for distilling aliquid, a first distilling efiect comprising a first compartment and a second distilling eifect comprising a second compartment, heater means in each of said compartments each comprising a conduit for conducting fluids in heat exchanging relation with liquid to be'evaporated in said compartment, a first condenser chamber connected to receive vapor from said first compartment, a second condenser chamber in said second' compartment disposed above said heater means therein and con nected to receive vapor evolved therein, means for conducting liquid to be distilled, successively in heat exchanging relationwith vapor in the second condenser chamber and with vapor in the first condenser chamber and then into said firstcompartment, means'for supplying a heating fluid into the conduit of the heater means in said first compartment whereby the liquid therein isevaporated and some of the vapor evolved is condensed in the first condenser chamber by heat exchange with the conducting means of the incoming liquid, conduit. means for conducting residuum liquid from said first compartment to said second compartment, conduit means for conducting uncondensed vapor from the first condenser chamber into the conduitof the heater means of said second compartment whereby the liquid in said second compartment is evaporated and the vapor so evolved is condensed in thesecond condenser chamber, means for collecting for use condensates formed in said condenser chambers, and vapor exhausting means communicating with said second condenser chamber.

11. In apparatus for distilling a liquid, a first distilling efiect comprising a first compartment and a second distilling effect comprising a second compartment, heater means inthe lower portion of each of said compartments each comprising a conduit for conducting fluids in heat exchanging relation withliquid to be evaporated in said compartments, a first condenser chamber connected to receive vapor from a point above the heater means in said first compartment, a second condenserchamber connected to receive vapor from a point above the heater means in said second compartment, at least one of said condenser chambers being disposed within the compartment from which it receives vapor, means forconduct- 'ing liquid to be distilled, successively in heat ex-,

changing relation with vapor in the second condenser chamber and with vapor in the first condenser chamber and then into the lower portion of said first compartment, means for supplying a heating fiuid into the conduit of the heater means in said first compartment whereby. the liquid therein is evaporated and some ofthe vapor evolved is condensed in the first condenser chamber by heat exchange with the conducting means of the incoming liquid, conduit means for conducting residuum liquid from the lower portion of said first compartment to the lower portion of said second compartment, conduit means for conducting uncondensed vapor from the first con.-' denser chamber into the conduit of the heater means of said second compartment whereby the liquid in said second compartment is evaporated I and the vapor'so evolved is condensed in the second condenser chamber, means for collecting for use condensates formed in said condenser chambers, and vapor exhausting means communicating with said second condenser chamber.

12; In apparatus for distilling a liquid, a first distilling effect comprising a first compartment, and a second distilling efl'ect comprising a second compartment, heater means in each of said compartments each "comprising a conduit for conducting fluids in heat exchanging relation with liquid to be evaporated in said compartments, a first cond'enser chamber connected to receive vapor. from said first compartment, a second "condenser chamber connected to receive vapor from said second compartment, at least one of said condenser chambers being disposed within the compartment from which it receives vapor, means for conducting liquid to be distilled, successively in heat exchanging relation with vapor in the second condenser chamber and with vapor in the first condenser chamber and then into said first compartment, means for supplying a heating fluid into the conduit of the heater means in said first compartment whereby the liquid therein is evaporated and some of the vapor evolved is condensed in the first condenser chamber by heat exchange with the conducting means of the incoming liquid, conduit means for conducting residuum liquid from said first compartment to said second compartment, conduit means for conducting uncondensed vapor from the first condenser chamber into the conduit of the heater means of said second compartment whereby the liquid in said secondcompartment is evaporated and the vapor so evolved is condensed in the second condenser chamber, means for collecting for use condensates formeddn said condenser chambers, and vapor exhausting means communicating "with said second condenser chamber.

13. In apparatus for distilling a liquid, at single container, wall means within said container dividing the same into a first compartment and a second compartment so as to form separate distilling efiects, heater means in each of said compartments each comprising a conduit for conducting fluids in heat exchanging relation with liquid to be evaporated in said compartments, a first condenser chamber connected to receive vapor from said first compartment, a second condenser chamber connected to receive vapor from said second compartment, means for conducting cooling liquid in excess of distilland requirements in heat exchanging relation with vapor in the second condenser chamber, means for discharging said excess from said distilling apparatus, means for conducting said distilland requirement liquid in heat exchanging relation with vapor in the first condenser chamber and then into said first compartment, means for supplying a heating fluid into the conduit of the heater means in said first compartment whereby the distilland therein is evaporated and some of the for conducting residuum distilland from said first compartment to said second compartment, con: 3 ,duit means for conducting uncondensed vapor from the first condenser chamber into the conduit of the heater means of said second com- 'partmentwliereby the distilland in said second heater means in the lower portion ofeach of said compartment is evaporated and the vapor so evolved is condensed in the second condenser chamber, means for collecting for use condena transverse cross-section defined by a substantially semi-circular segment, the walls of .the respective containers defined by the cord of the segment being in juxtaposition with one another,

distilling units each comprising "a conduit for conducting fluid in'heat exchanging relation with liquid tobe evaporated in said distilling units,

a first effect condenser chamber connected to receive vapor formed in said first e'fiect distilling unit, a second effect condenser chamber connected to receive vapor formed in said second efiect distilling unit, means for conducting liquid to be distilled in heat exchanging relation with .vapor in the first eiiec't condenser chamber and then into the lower portion of said first efiect distilling unit, means for conveying a cooling fluid through said second effect condenser chamber, means for supplying a heating fluid into the conduit of the heater means in the lower portion of said first effect distilling unit whereby the liquid therein is evaporated and some of the vapor evolved is condensed in the first efl'ect condenser chamber by heat exchange with'the conducting means of the incoming liquid, conduit means for conducting residuum liquid from said first effect distilling unit to said second effect distilling unit, conduit means for conducting uncondensed vapors from the first eflect condenser chamber into the conduit of the heater means in the lower portion of said second effect distilling unit whereby the liq'uidin said second efiect distilling unit is evaporated and the vapor so evolved is condensed in the second effect condenser chamber, means for collecting for use condensates formed in said condenser chambers, and vapor exhausting means communicating with said second condenser chamber.

15. In apparatus for distilling a liquid, a first eifect distilling unit, a second eifect distilling unit, each of said units comprising a container having a transverse cross-section defined by .a substantially semi-circular segment, thewalls of the respective containers defined by the cord of the segment being in juxtaposition with one an other, heater means in the lower portion oieach of said distilling units each comprising a conduit Y I for conductingfiuid in heat exchanging relation with liquid to be. evaporated in said distilling units, a first eflect condenser chamber connected to receive vapor formed in said first effect distilling unit, a second eiiect condenser chamber connected to receive vapor formed in said second eifect distilling unit, means for conducting liquid to be distilled, successively in heat exchanging relation with vapor in the second effect condenser chamber and with vapor in the first eifect condenser chamber and then into the lower portion of said first effect distilling units, means for supplying a heating fluid into the conduit 01 the heater means in the lower portion 01' said first efi'ect distilling unit whereby the liquid therein is evaporated and some 01' the vapor evolved is condensed in the first effect condenser chamber by heat exchange with the conducting means of the incoming liquid, conduit means for conducting residuum liquid .from said first efl'ect distilling unit to said second eflect distilling unit, conduit means for conducting uncondensed vapors from the first effect condenser chamber into the conduit of the heater means in the lower.

portion of said second efiect distilling unit whereby the liquid in said second effect distilling unit is evaporated and the vapor so evolved is condensed in the second efi'ect condenser chainber, means -for collecting for use condensates formed in said condenser chambers, and vapor exhausting means communicating with said second condenser chamber.

16. In apparatus for distilling a liquid, a first compartment and a second compartment form-' ing separate distilling effects, heater means in each of said compartments each comprising a conduit for conducting fluids in heat exchanging relation with liquid to be evaporated in said compartment, a condenser chamber connected to receive'vapor from one of said compartments,

means for conducting liquid to be distilled in heat exchanging relation with vapor in said condenser chamber and then intoaaid first compartqment, means for supplying a heating fluid into a liquid from said first compartment to said second compartment, conduit means 101 conducting vapor irom said compartment into the conf duit o! the heater means of said second compartment whereby the liquid in said second compartment is evaporated and the vapor so evolved is condensed in said condenser chamber, means for collecting for use condensate formed in the vapor condensing rtion of said second compartment, and vapor exhausting means communieating with said condenser chamber.

BENJAMIN FOX.