US3353792A - Cranes, grabs and the like - Google Patents

Cranes, grabs and the like Download PDF

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Publication number
US3353792A
US3353792A US562067A US56206766A US3353792A US 3353792 A US3353792 A US 3353792A US 562067 A US562067 A US 562067A US 56206766 A US56206766 A US 56206766A US 3353792 A US3353792 A US 3353792A
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United States
Prior art keywords
reel
brake
spring
stationary member
drum
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US562067A
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English (en)
Inventor
Aitken Robert Loudon
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
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Publication of US3353792A publication Critical patent/US3353792A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
    • B66D1/00—Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans
    • B66D1/02—Driving gear
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H75/00—Storing webs, tapes, or filamentary material, e.g. on reels
    • B65H75/02—Cores, formers, supports, or holders for coiled, wound, or folded material, e.g. reels, spindles, bobbins, cop tubes, cans, mandrels or chucks
    • B65H75/34—Cores, formers, supports, or holders for coiled, wound, or folded material, e.g. reels, spindles, bobbins, cop tubes, cans, mandrels or chucks specially adapted or mounted for storing and repeatedly paying-out and re-storing lengths of material provided for particular purposes, e.g. anchored hoses, power cables
    • B65H75/38—Cores, formers, supports, or holders for coiled, wound, or folded material, e.g. reels, spindles, bobbins, cop tubes, cans, mandrels or chucks specially adapted or mounted for storing and repeatedly paying-out and re-storing lengths of material provided for particular purposes, e.g. anchored hoses, power cables involving the use of a core or former internal to, and supporting, a stored package of material
    • B65H75/44—Constructional details
    • B65H75/4436—Arrangements for yieldably braking the reel or the material for moderating speed of winding or unwinding
    • B65H75/4442—Arrangements for yieldably braking the reel or the material for moderating speed of winding or unwinding acting on the reel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
    • B66D5/00—Braking or detent devices characterised by application to lifting or hoisting gear, e.g. for controlling the lowering of loads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H2701/00—Handled material; Storage means
    • B65H2701/30—Handled filamentary material
    • B65H2701/35—Ropes, lines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
    • B66D2700/00—Capstans, winches or hoists
    • B66D2700/03—Mechanisms with latches or braking devices in general for capstans, hoists or similar devices as well as braking devices actuated electrically or by fluid under pressure

Definitions

  • a spring driven reel mechanism for a line for attachment to a suspended load to prevent twisting comprising a stationary member, a rotatable reel arranged coaXially with said stationary member, at least one coiled spring connected between said reel and said stationary member, one end being drivingly connected to said rotatable reel and the other end being anchored to said stationary member, brake means comprising two relatively rotatable parts, one of said parts carrying friction elements pressed in slipping engagement against the other of said parts under constant load, and unidirectional clutch means coupled between one part of said brake means and one of said reel and said stationary member, the other part of said brake means being secured to the other of said reel and said stationary member, whereby said brake means applies a slipping and constant braking load to said reel upon rotation of said reel in the spring tensioning direction.
  • This invention relates to cranes, grabs and the like and in particular it relates to a mechanism for preventing a grab bucket or like load suspended from a boom from turning or spinning during operation and thus preventing the twisting of the cables when the load is suspended on a multi-part cable, passing through a block, supporting the load.
  • a flat spiral clock-type spring is sometimes used for tensioning the line, the spiral spring most commonly being housed inside the cable reel.
  • a spring-driven reel mechanism having a rotatable reel, a stationary member for attachment to a crane and a coiled spring connecting the reel to the stationary member, characterised by a brake which is effective to apply a greater braking load to the reel when the reel is turning in the unwinding, spring-tensioning direction than when the reel is turning in the winding-in direction.
  • the associated brake is entirely ineffective to apply a braking load when the reel is turning in the winding-in direction.
  • the preferred method of achieving this result is to employ a permanently engaged brake, one element of which is connected for drive to the reel through a unidirectional clutch, so that the resistance of the brake to rotation is only effective when the uni-directional clutch clutches it to the reel.
  • a pawl-and-ratchet is one well-known simple form of uni-directional clutch for fulfilling this function, but there are many other known forms of such device which can be employed and the device selected will depend upon the physical space available within which to fit it.
  • An alternative construction employs a brake of known type having the design of the braking parts such that (a) when the drum is rotated in one direction the frictional contact with the friction linings causes a servoaction giving increased braking torque and (b) when the drum is rotated in the opposite direction the servo-action is ineffective and little or no braking ocurs.
  • a resilient ring or member grips the shaft of the spring drum so as to turn with it, but at the same time can turn relative to the shaft when 'sufiicient force is applied.
  • the resilient ring has a projectionwhich is trapped between a pair of projections on a stationary member, one of which is a blank stop and the other of which is a limit switch, so that when the shaft is turned in the unwinding direction, the projection on the resilient member depresses the limit switch to initiate the energisation of an electromagnetic brake acting on the reel, the brake being automatically released when the drum shaft direction of rotation is reversed and the limit switch is allowed.
  • FIGURE 1 is a longitudinal section of one form of spring-driven reel constructed in accordance with the pres ent invention
  • FIGURE 2 is a part-longitudinal section of an alternative form of construction
  • FIGURE 3 is a detail showing a brake load adjuster for use in the construction of FIGURES 1 and 2;
  • FIGURES 4 and 5 are detail views showing a device for alternatively actuating or releasing an electro-magnetic brake depending upon the direction of rotation of the cable drum shaft;
  • FIGURE 6 illustrates a brake of a type in which the shoes remain permanently engaged with the brake drum and are adapted to apply a greatly increased braking torque when the cable drum shaft is turned in one direction; and
  • FIG. 7 is a plan view of the brake shown in FIG. 6.
  • FIGURE 8 illustrates an arrangement for moving a brake control member when the cable drum shaft is turned in one direction; and FIG. 9 shows a plan view of a portion of FIG. 8.
  • FIGURE 10 is a longitudinal section of a further alternative construction employing a spiral spring for winding in the reel.
  • the cable drum or reel 1 is carried on a hub 2, which is pinned by a bolt 3 to a shaft 4, which is in turned pinned by a pin 5 to the hollow spring shaft 6.
  • the shaft 6 is rotatably mounted within a stationary casing 7, within which is mounted a large helical torsion spring 8, connected at one end to the shaft 6 and at the other end anchored to the casing 7.
  • the connection between the spring 8 and the shaft 6 is by means of a pin 9, which engages in a ring 10, secured in the end of the shaft 6, the pin 9 being locked in position by a grub screw 11.
  • the ring 10 forms a bearing for the hollow shaft 6 and is supported on a stub shaft 12 mounted in the end of the casing.
  • the spring 8 At its opposite end the spring 8 is anchored to a ring 14, which has a snail cam formation thereon, providing an abutment, which presses against the side of a pin 15, frictionally engaged in the wall of the housing 7, so that the spring 8 automatically disengages from the housing in the event of excessively rapid rotation of the reel 1 if the tagline 1a breaks.
  • a bearing support member 16 is secured to one end of the casing 7 and hold plain bearing sleeves 17 for the shaft 4.
  • a brake assembly 18 is arranged between the bearing member 16 and the reel 1.
  • the brake assembly is a standard commercial unit and comprises a stationary member 19 and a brake drum 20. Components of the brake assembly are illustrated in FIGURE 3 only and comprise shoes 21 which are pressed outwardly against the drum under constant load, the value of which depends upon the longitudinal tension applied to a control rod 22. The adjustment of the braking load applied by the shoes 21 to the drum may be varied according to requirements by the means illustrated in FIGURE 3.
  • the control rod 22 is pivotally connected to a lever 23, which has a shaped end 24 for engagement with an abutment 25 on the bearing member 16.
  • the force applied to the control rod 22 is derived from a tension spring 26, housed in a housing 27 secured to the main spring housing 7.
  • the spring 26 is connected through a rod 28 to the lever 23 and is anchored to an adjuster rod 29, provided with adjusting nuts 30 and, if desired, a concealed lock nut 31, hidden by the end member 32.
  • the brake drum 20 is secured to a hub 33, which is rotatably mounted on the shaft 4 and is provided with a bearing sleeve 34.
  • the hub 33 is secured to an outer element 35 of a uni-directional clutch or freewheel, the inner element 36 of which is'secured to the shaft.
  • the uni-directional clutch is only indicated diagrammatically, since its precise construction is not relevant to the invention.
  • a seal 37 is provided to protect the uni-directional clutch.
  • the conventional uni-directional clutch composed of elements 35, 36 acts as a free-wheel device and is arranged to turn the brake drum 20 only when the cable reel 1 is turned in the direction for drawing cable off the reel, rotation in this direction being accompanied by an increase in tension in the helical torsion spring *8.
  • FIGURE 2 also employs a uni-directional clutch between the cable reel 1 and the brake drum 20. Except for this the springdriven reel is essentially the same as in FIGURE 1.
  • a ratchet plate 42 is secured to the brake drum 20 and/ or to a modified brake drum hub 43, which is provided with a bush 44.
  • the ratchet plate 42 is engaged by a pawl 45, which is carried on the outer member of a standard rubber torsion bush 46, non-rotatably mounted on a pin 47, secured to the reel 1.
  • the rubber torsion bush acts as a means for resiliently pressing the pawl 45 into engagement with the ratchet plate 42 and also as a means for cushioning shocks arising on the reversal of rotation of the reel from the winding-indirection to the drawing-out direction.
  • the pawl can, of course, be held against the ratchet plate by a conventional spring.
  • the ratchet plate could be secured to the reel 1 and the pawl be mounted on the brake assembly.
  • the particular advantage of the present invention is that it permits greater restraining force on the grab or like load to be exerted by the tagline for a specified spring size.
  • the diameter of the cable reel 1 may be greatly increased without increase of the size of the spring 8 as compared with prior art constructions which relied solely upon the spring tension to apply sufficient tension to the tagline to prevent a grab bucket or other load twisting around on the hoist rope of a crane or like machine.
  • the reel Whilst in the above described apparatus the reel is wound in by a single spring, which is tensioned as line is drawn oif the reel, it is possible to employ two or more parallel helical springs, each mounted in an individual casing and each connected to an individual shaft. All the individual shafts may be coupled by drive chains or gearing to the reel shaft.
  • the brake may be on 'the reel shaft or brakes may be provided on each of the spring shafts. In either event one part, preferably the drum, is connected to the shaft on which it is mounted through a uni-directional clutch. It is preferred however for the brake to be on the reel shaft.
  • the essential feature is that the brake or brakes operate only when the line is being drawn off the feel and be inoperative when the line is being reeled in by the action of the tensioned spring or springs.
  • the brake drum 20 is the drum of an electromagnetic brake, which is normally unapplied.
  • the brake drum 20 is fast with the reel 1, being either secured directly to the reel or keyed to the shaft 4.
  • the stationary end plate 19 of the brake carries a microswitch 50 of known construction, which controls the energisation of the electromagnetic brake, and a stop 51.
  • a spring steel band 52 is mounted in a groove 53 in the 'hub 33 and its ends are connected together, as by a small tension spring 54 or alternatively by a small bolt, so that band 52 clamps lightly on the hub 33, but can slip thereon when its upturned ends 55 are arrested by limit switch 50 or stop 51, depending on the sense of the rotation of the reel 1.
  • braking is effected by the interaction of a brake disc 60, bolted to the reel 1, with a plurality of friction elements 61, mounted on wedge-shaped slipper ('62) which are free to slide on inclined caged rollers 63,
  • the slipper 62 climb the inclined rollers 63 under the servo action of the friction elements 61 gripping the disc 60.
  • Light pressure springs 64 maintain contact between friction elements 61 and the brake disc 60.
  • the brake 20 is rigidly attached to the boss 2 of the drum and to sprocket 68 which is connected by chain 69 to sprocket 70 mounted on a freewheel 71 on sleeve 72 which is free to rotate on shaft 73.
  • Sleeve 72 carries a clutch face working in association with friction lining 72 and clutch plate 75 held in contact by spring 76.
  • Clutch plate 75 is free to rotate on shaft 73 and has an extension as shown in FIG. 9, restricting the movement to between two abutments 80, 81 of support member 16.
  • freewheel 71 connects sprocket 70 rigidly t0 sleeve 72 and through lining 74 rotates plate 75 until it hits one of the abutments on support member 16. This abutment is positioned such that the brake cable 77 attached to plate 75 will have travelled the desired amount to move lever 23 sufiicient to apply the brake.
  • clutch slip continues rotation of the reel causes clutch slip to take place between the clutch faces of members 72 and 75.
  • Both ends of the outer casing 78 in which the brake cable 77 slides are anchored to support member 16.
  • FIGURE 10 A further construction of spring driven reel mecha nism in accordance with the present invention is illustrated in FIGURE 10.
  • the brake and associated parts are constructed as shown in FIG- URE 3, like parts therefore being indicated by the same reference numerals in FIGURE as are utilised in FIG- URE 3.
  • the reel 1 is secured to a hub 90 whi h a a u h 1 to e a e t to t m abo t a s 6 tionary shaft 92 held in a flange 93, which may be secured to a suitable part of a crane.
  • the reel 1 is connected by a flat helical spring 94 to a ring 95 pinned by a pin 96 to the shaft.
  • a uni-directional clutch or freewheel 97 is arranged between the hub 91 and a sleeve 98, to which the brake drum is secured.
  • a hearing 99 is arranged between the sleeve 98 and the hub 92.
  • a spring driven reel mechanism for a line for attachment to a suspended load to prevent twisting comprising a stationary member, a rotatable reel arranged coaxially with said stationary member, at least coiled spring connected between said reel and said stationary member, one end being drivingly connected to said rotatable reel and the other end being anchored to said stationary member, brake means comprising two relatively rotatable parts, one of said parts carrying friction elements pressed in slipping engagement against the other of said parts under constant load, and uni-directional clutch means coupled between one part of said brake means and one of said reel and said stationary member, the other part of said brake means being secured to the other of said reel and said stationary member, whereby said brake means applies a slipping and constant braking load to said reel upon rotation of said reel in the spring tensioning direction.
  • a spring driven reel mechanism in which said uni-directional clutch means provides a driving connection between one part of said brake means and said reel when said reel is rotated in the spring tensioning direction.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)
US562067A 1965-07-27 1966-06-28 Cranes, grabs and the like Expired - Lifetime US3353792A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB32148/65A GB1107326A (en) 1965-07-27 1965-07-27 Improvements in or relating to cranes, grabs and the like

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3353792A true US3353792A (en) 1967-11-21

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ID=10334032

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US562067A Expired - Lifetime US3353792A (en) 1965-07-27 1966-06-28 Cranes, grabs and the like

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US (1) US3353792A (pt)
BE (1) BE684640A (pt)
DE (1) DE1456411A1 (pt)
GB (1) GB1107326A (pt)
NL (1) NL6610500A (pt)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4009843A (en) * 1975-09-11 1977-03-01 Mccaffrey-Ruddock Tagline Corporation Spring rewound tagline device with spring overload preventing means
US4796862A (en) * 1986-08-18 1989-01-10 Lockheed Corporation Winch compensator
US20080084963A1 (en) * 2003-01-31 2008-04-10 Clayton James E Rotating carriage assembly for use in scanning cargo conveyances transported by a crane
WO2009003778A1 (de) * 2007-07-02 2009-01-08 Conductix-Wampfler Ag Federleitungstrommel
US20120187269A1 (en) * 2011-01-24 2012-07-26 Wmf Wuerttembergische Metallwarenfabrik Ag Beverage machine
CN112158751A (zh) * 2020-10-12 2021-01-01 王�忠 一种具有多位转向功能的建筑主体结构安装用起吊装置

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4009844A (en) * 1975-09-11 1977-03-01 Mccaffrey-Ruddock Tagline Corporation Spring rewound tagline device having a mechanism for controlling the unwinding of the spring
US20220332553A1 (en) * 2021-04-16 2022-10-20 Breeze-Eastern Llc Hoist System and Process Implementing an Emergency Stopping Brake

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2382955A (en) * 1943-05-20 1945-08-21 Roy O Billings Excavating bucket
US2442571A (en) * 1945-05-04 1948-06-01 H V Griffitts Material handling bucket
DE927410C (de) * 1953-04-29 1955-05-09 Mccaffrey Ruddock Tagline Corp Durch Federkraft betaetigte Antriebsvorrichtung fuer Seiltrommeln

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2382955A (en) * 1943-05-20 1945-08-21 Roy O Billings Excavating bucket
US2442571A (en) * 1945-05-04 1948-06-01 H V Griffitts Material handling bucket
DE927410C (de) * 1953-04-29 1955-05-09 Mccaffrey Ruddock Tagline Corp Durch Federkraft betaetigte Antriebsvorrichtung fuer Seiltrommeln

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4009843A (en) * 1975-09-11 1977-03-01 Mccaffrey-Ruddock Tagline Corporation Spring rewound tagline device with spring overload preventing means
US4796862A (en) * 1986-08-18 1989-01-10 Lockheed Corporation Winch compensator
US20080084963A1 (en) * 2003-01-31 2008-04-10 Clayton James E Rotating carriage assembly for use in scanning cargo conveyances transported by a crane
US7783003B2 (en) * 2003-01-31 2010-08-24 Varian Medical Systems, Inc. Rotating carriage assembly for use in scanning cargo conveyances transported by a crane
WO2009003778A1 (de) * 2007-07-02 2009-01-08 Conductix-Wampfler Ag Federleitungstrommel
US20120187269A1 (en) * 2011-01-24 2012-07-26 Wmf Wuerttembergische Metallwarenfabrik Ag Beverage machine
CN112158751A (zh) * 2020-10-12 2021-01-01 王�忠 一种具有多位转向功能的建筑主体结构安装用起吊装置
CN112158751B (zh) * 2020-10-12 2022-02-11 卜青青 一种具有多位转向功能的建筑主体结构安装用起吊装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1456411A1 (de) 1969-03-27
NL6610500A (pt) 1967-01-30
GB1107326A (en) 1968-03-27
BE684640A (pt) 1967-01-27

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