US3350306A - Fire extinguishing powders - Google Patents
Fire extinguishing powders Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3350306A US3350306A US330549A US33054963A US3350306A US 3350306 A US3350306 A US 3350306A US 330549 A US330549 A US 330549A US 33054963 A US33054963 A US 33054963A US 3350306 A US3350306 A US 3350306A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- powder
- fire extinguishing
- bicarbonate
- weight
- iron
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims description 83
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 14
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical class [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims 1
- -1 alkali metal bicarbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 32
- 150000002505 iron Chemical class 0.000 description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 18
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 18
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 17
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910000358 iron sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 14
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 9
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 239000008116 calcium stearate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000013539 calcium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 159000000014 iron salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- XALJLKNTPLIEGK-UHFFFAOYSA-L dioxido-oxo-sulfanylidene-$l^{6}-sulfane;iron(2+) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S XALJLKNTPLIEGK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 4
- MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001692 EU approved anti-caking agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000288 alkali metal carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008041 alkali metal carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H iron(3+) sulfate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[Fe+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910000360 iron(III) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfurothioic S-acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=S DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0007—Solid extinguishing substances
- A62D1/0014—Powders; Granules
Definitions
- alkali metal bicarbonates are hygrosopic and have a tendency to cake during storage; therefore when used for dry chemical fire extinguishing powders, they are as ageneral rule treated with an anticaking agent, otherwise they would soon become unsuitable.
- Various water-repellent agents have been proposed as anti-caking additives (water-insoluble waxes, silicones, etc.) for preparing fire extinguishing powders based on alkali metal bicarbonates, but in practice water-insoluble salts of fatty acids are generally used, in particular calcium or magnesium soaps, and especially calcium stearate.
- all these products are relatively expensive for use in fire extinguishing powder.
- a principal object of this invention therefore is to avoid these disadvantages of the prior art by providing an inexpensive additive which acts to prevent caking and also to increase the flowability of the alkali-metal-bicarbonate fire extinguishing powder.
- iron sulfate is preferably used and, more particularly, technical grade salts which are very inexpensive by-products; nevertheless, other water-soluble inorganic iron salts as well as mixtures thereof may be used, such as nitrates, halides, and thiosulfate.
- water-soluble salts I mean a salt of which at least 20 g. can be dissolved in 100 g. of water at room temperature (about 20 C.).
- the fire extinguishing powders disclosed in the present invention are prepared by adding a minor quantity of iron salt of at least about 0.5 to preferably about 10% by weight (calculated as anhydrous iron salt) relative to the alkali metal bicarbonate treated. It has been observed that the addition of a quantity higher than about 10% of iron salt does not substantially improve the effect as compared with smaller quantities. In practice, preferably at least about 2% up to about 5% by weight are used for treating potassium bicarbonate, whereas smaller quantities as, for example, from about 0.5 to about 3% are sufiicient to treat sodium bicarbonate which is less hygroscopic.
- any anti-caking inorganic water-soluble iron salt for each 100 parts by weight of an alkali metal bicarbonate, there is added 0.5-l0 parts by weight of any anti-caking inorganic water-soluble iron salt, the ratio of said iron salt to said bicarbonate being, in parts by weight, 0.5:100 to 10:1'00, respectively.
- 2 to 5 parts by weight of iron salt is used for 100 parts by weight of potassium bicarbonate or 0.5 to 3 parts by weight of iron salt to 100 parts by weight of sodium bicarbonate.
- a concentrated iron salt aqueous solution advantageous at least at about of saturation, is sprayed on the bicarbonate to be treated.
- This spraying operation may be effected more economically during the manufacture of bicarbonate prior to the drying of this salt. It may also be performed independently in a separate unit in which case a very concentrated solution, preferably even saturated in iron salt, is used so as to reduce the amount of water to be removed by subsequent drying.
- the particle size range of uncoated alkali metal bicarbonates is about 1000 microns (16 mesh of the Tyler Standard Screen Scale Sieves Series) to microns mesh sieve), preferably about 500 microns (32 mesh sieve) to 100 microns (150 mesh sieve).
- the fire extinguishing powder is used in a particle size range such that all the powder passes through a 150 micron sieve (100 mesh of the Tyler Standard Screen Scale Sieves Series) and that 80% of the powder passes through a 44 micron sieve (325 mesh sieve).
- the fire extinguishing powder of this invention can be used in any commercial type of apparatus for projecting or spraying a dry chemical fire extinguishing powder under gas pressure.
- the fire extinguishing powders disclosed in the present invention and prepared by addition of a water-soluble iron salt have an outstanding advantage compared to those obtained by treating the bicarbonate with Water-insoluble agents inasmuch as the powders of this invention are in the form of a more homogeneous mixture with wellcoated particles.
- Example 1 An iron sulfate saturated aqueous solution (technical grade containing 23% Fe and 44% S was sprayed onto potassium bicarbonate crystals of a particle size of about 500 to 100 microns in such quantity that the added iron sulfate amounts to 2% by weight of the potassium bicarbonate treated. The resulting product was dried until it contains 0.1% of water by weight, and then ground so that the total quantity of powder obtained passes through a 100 micron screen (150 mesh of the Tyler Standard Screen Scale Sieves Series), with'80% of the particles measuring less than 44 microns, i.e. passing through a 325 mesh sieve.
- a 100 micron screen 150 mesh of the Tyler Standard Screen Scale Sieves Series
- the product obtained is in the form of a perfectly evenly-colored yellow powder, but light hued enough to make it possible to give it another color for identification purposes.
- Powder B was prepared by adding to potassium bicarbonate 3% by weight of calcium stearate; the mixture was then ground to same size as powder A.
- Powder C was prepared by adding to potassium bicarbonate 3% by weight of calcium stearate and 1% of silica; the mixture was then ground to the same size as powders A and B.
- Powders B and C have the same moisture content as powder A, that is 0.1%.
- Example 2 A powder based on potassium bicarbonate was pre pared according to the method of Example 1, but in such manner that the content of iron sulfate amounts to 5% instead of 2%.
- the .time required for powder A to flow under the same conditions as described in Example 1 was 11 seconds (average of 10 measurements).
- Example 3 A powder based on potassium bicarbonate was prepared under the same conditions as Example 1, but in such manner that in addition to the 2% content of iron sulfate it contains 1% calcium stearate.
- Example 4 Powders based on potassium bicarbonate were prepared under the same conditions as in Example 1, but the ferric sulfate solution was replaced by solutions of other iron salts, ferric nitrate and ferrous sulfate, in such an amount that the treated product contains 2% of anhydrous iron salt.
- the powder treated with a ferrous sulfate solution gained 3.5% by weight and the powder treated with a ferric nitrate solution gained 4.1%
- a free flowing alkali metal bicarbonate fire extinguishing powder consisting essentially of 100 parts by weight of an alkali metal bicarbonate and 0.5- parts by weight of an anti-caking inorganic water-soluble iron salt, substantially all the alkali metal bicarbonate powder being at least partially coated with said iron salt.
- a free flowing alkali metal bicarbonate fire extinguishing powder consisting essentially of 100 parts by weight of potassium bicarbonate and 25 parts by weight iron sulfate, substantially all the potassium bicarbonate powder being at least partially coated with the iron sulfate.
- a free flowing alkali metal bicarbonate fire extinguishing powder consisting essentially of 100 parts by weight of sodium bicarbonate and 05-3 parts by weight of iron sulfate, substantially all the sodium bicarbonate powder being at least partially coated with the iron sulfate.
- a process for improving the anti-caking and freefiowing properties of fire extinguishing powders of alkali metal bicarbonates which process comprises the steps of 1) spraying a concentrated aqueous solution of an anti-caking inorganic water-soluble iron salt onto a mass of alkali metal bicarbonate particles in a ratio of 05-10 parts by weight of anhydrous iron salt to 100 parts by weight of said bicarbonate particles; (2) drying the resultant coated mass of bicarbonate particles; and (3) grinding the resultant dried mass to a powder.
- a process for improving the anti-caking and freeflowing properties of fire extinguishing powders of alkali metal bicarbonate which process comprises the addition of an anti-caking inorganic water-soluble iron salt while said bicarbonate is being ground to a powder, and continuing the grinding for a suflicient time to allow traces of water associated with the bicarbonate to dissolve some of said iron salt, thereby coating the bicarbonate powder, the ratio of iron salt to bicarbonate being in parts by weight 0.5: 100 to 10: 100 respectively.
- a process for extinguishing fires which process comprises projecting onto said fire a free flowing alkali metal bicarbonate fire extinguishing powder consisting essentially of 100 parts by weight of an alkali metal bicarbonate a d 0540 P rts y e t f a a ti-c g inorganic.
- a process for extinguishing fires which process comprises projecting onto said fire a free flowing alkali metal bicarbonate fire extinguishing powder consisting essentially of parts by weight of potassium bicarbonate and 25 parts by weight iron sulfate, substantially all the potassium bicarbonate powder being at least partially coated with the iron sulfate.
- a process for extinguishing fires which process comprises projecting onto said fire a free flowing alkali metal bicarbonate fire extinguishing powder consisting essentially of 100 parts by weight of sodium bicarbonate and 0.53 parts by weight of iron sulfate, substantially all the sodium bicarbonate powder being at least partially coated with the iron sulfate.
- alkali metal bicarbonate is selected from the group consisting of sodium and potassium bicarbonates.
- said iron salt is selected from the group c0nsisting of iron nitrate, iron halide, and iron thiosulfate.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR919442A FR1355574A (fr) | 1962-12-21 | 1962-12-21 | Poudres extinctrices à base de bicarbonates alcalins |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3350306A true US3350306A (en) | 1967-10-31 |
Family
ID=8793390
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US330549A Expired - Lifetime US3350306A (en) | 1962-12-21 | 1963-12-16 | Fire extinguishing powders |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3350306A (de) |
| BE (1) | BE641542A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE1238337B (de) |
| FR (1) | FR1355574A (de) |
| GB (1) | GB998797A (de) |
| LU (1) | LU44846A1 (de) |
| NL (1) | NL301113A (de) |
Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3499784A (en) * | 1964-12-04 | 1970-03-10 | Organon | Process for rendering powders free flowing and the thus obtained powders |
| US3889754A (en) * | 1971-04-05 | 1975-06-17 | Byron G Dunn | Fire extinguishing system |
| US3889756A (en) * | 1971-04-05 | 1975-06-17 | Byron G Dunn | Marine vessel fire extinguisher |
| US3889752A (en) * | 1971-04-05 | 1975-06-17 | Byron G Dunn | Motor vehicle fire extinguisher |
| US3889757A (en) * | 1971-04-05 | 1975-06-17 | Byron G Dunn | Commercial cooking unit fire extinguisher |
| US3889755A (en) * | 1971-04-05 | 1975-06-17 | Byron G Dunn | Electrical appliance fire extinguisher |
| US5009810A (en) * | 1989-05-16 | 1991-04-23 | J. M. Huber Corporation | Endothermic blowing agents compositions and applications |
| US5009809A (en) * | 1989-05-16 | 1991-04-23 | J. M. Huber Corporation | High temperature endothermic blowing agents compositions and applications |
| US5106534A (en) * | 1989-05-16 | 1992-04-21 | J. M. Huber Corporation | Endothermic blowing agents compositions and applications |
| US5137655A (en) * | 1989-05-16 | 1992-08-11 | J. M. Huber Corporation | High temperature endothermic blowing agents compositions and applications |
| US5250224A (en) * | 1989-05-16 | 1993-10-05 | J. M. Huber Corporation | Foamed products containing endothermic blowing agents and processes |
| US5252618A (en) * | 1989-05-16 | 1993-10-12 | J. M. Huber Corporation | Endothermic blowing agents for strengthening weld lines in molded thermoplastic resins and products |
| US5302455A (en) * | 1989-05-16 | 1994-04-12 | J. M. Huber Corporation | Endothermic blowing agents compositions and applications |
| US5317044A (en) * | 1989-05-16 | 1994-05-31 | J. M. Huber Corporation | Endothermic blowing agents for surface migration of components in foamed products, compositions and applications |
| USRE35368E (en) * | 1989-05-16 | 1996-10-29 | J. M. Huber Corporation | Endothermic blowing agents for surface migration of components in foamed products, compositions and applications |
| USRE35447E (en) * | 1989-05-16 | 1997-02-11 | J. M. Huber Corporation | Endothermic blowing agents for strengthening weld lines in molded thermoplastic resins and products |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HU201478B (en) * | 1983-04-21 | 1990-11-28 | Magyar Szenhidrogenipari | Fire-fighting powder |
| GB9414952D0 (en) * | 1994-07-25 | 1994-09-14 | Graviner Ltd Kidde | Fire and explosion suppressants |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US387915A (en) * | 1888-08-14 | Fire-extinguishsng compound | ||
| US2030583A (en) * | 1931-09-24 | 1936-02-11 | Wintershall Ag | Process for avoiding setting phenomena in commercially prepared salts |
| US2912379A (en) * | 1956-07-16 | 1959-11-10 | Diamond Alkali Co | Fire extinguishing composition |
| US3033291A (en) * | 1959-05-04 | 1962-05-08 | Wieslander Torsten | Methods of extinguishing fire |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH43711A (de) * | 1908-09-26 | 1909-06-01 | Johannes Baenziger | Feuerlöschpulver |
-
0
- BE BE641542D patent/BE641542A/xx unknown
- NL NL301113D patent/NL301113A/xx unknown
-
1962
- 1962-12-21 FR FR919442A patent/FR1355574A/fr not_active Expired
-
1963
- 1963-11-19 LU LU44846D patent/LU44846A1/xx unknown
- 1963-12-03 GB GB47660/63A patent/GB998797A/en not_active Expired
- 1963-12-10 DE DES88649A patent/DE1238337B/de active Pending
- 1963-12-16 US US330549A patent/US3350306A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US387915A (en) * | 1888-08-14 | Fire-extinguishsng compound | ||
| US2030583A (en) * | 1931-09-24 | 1936-02-11 | Wintershall Ag | Process for avoiding setting phenomena in commercially prepared salts |
| US2912379A (en) * | 1956-07-16 | 1959-11-10 | Diamond Alkali Co | Fire extinguishing composition |
| US3033291A (en) * | 1959-05-04 | 1962-05-08 | Wieslander Torsten | Methods of extinguishing fire |
Cited By (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3499784A (en) * | 1964-12-04 | 1970-03-10 | Organon | Process for rendering powders free flowing and the thus obtained powders |
| US3889754A (en) * | 1971-04-05 | 1975-06-17 | Byron G Dunn | Fire extinguishing system |
| US3889756A (en) * | 1971-04-05 | 1975-06-17 | Byron G Dunn | Marine vessel fire extinguisher |
| US3889752A (en) * | 1971-04-05 | 1975-06-17 | Byron G Dunn | Motor vehicle fire extinguisher |
| US3889757A (en) * | 1971-04-05 | 1975-06-17 | Byron G Dunn | Commercial cooking unit fire extinguisher |
| US3889755A (en) * | 1971-04-05 | 1975-06-17 | Byron G Dunn | Electrical appliance fire extinguisher |
| US5009810A (en) * | 1989-05-16 | 1991-04-23 | J. M. Huber Corporation | Endothermic blowing agents compositions and applications |
| US5009809A (en) * | 1989-05-16 | 1991-04-23 | J. M. Huber Corporation | High temperature endothermic blowing agents compositions and applications |
| US5037580A (en) * | 1989-05-16 | 1991-08-06 | J. M. Huber Corporation | Endothermic blowing agents for strengthening weld lines in molded thermoplastic resins and products |
| US5045570A (en) * | 1989-05-16 | 1991-09-03 | J. M. Huber Corporation | Endothermic blowing agents for surface migration of components in foamed products, compositions and applications |
| US5106534A (en) * | 1989-05-16 | 1992-04-21 | J. M. Huber Corporation | Endothermic blowing agents compositions and applications |
| US5137655A (en) * | 1989-05-16 | 1992-08-11 | J. M. Huber Corporation | High temperature endothermic blowing agents compositions and applications |
| US5250224A (en) * | 1989-05-16 | 1993-10-05 | J. M. Huber Corporation | Foamed products containing endothermic blowing agents and processes |
| US5252618A (en) * | 1989-05-16 | 1993-10-12 | J. M. Huber Corporation | Endothermic blowing agents for strengthening weld lines in molded thermoplastic resins and products |
| US5302455A (en) * | 1989-05-16 | 1994-04-12 | J. M. Huber Corporation | Endothermic blowing agents compositions and applications |
| US5317044A (en) * | 1989-05-16 | 1994-05-31 | J. M. Huber Corporation | Endothermic blowing agents for surface migration of components in foamed products, compositions and applications |
| USRE35239E (en) * | 1989-05-16 | 1996-05-14 | J.M. Huber Corporation | Endothermic blowing agents compositions and applications |
| USRE35368E (en) * | 1989-05-16 | 1996-10-29 | J. M. Huber Corporation | Endothermic blowing agents for surface migration of components in foamed products, compositions and applications |
| USRE35447E (en) * | 1989-05-16 | 1997-02-11 | J. M. Huber Corporation | Endothermic blowing agents for strengthening weld lines in molded thermoplastic resins and products |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR1355574A (fr) | 1964-03-20 |
| GB998797A (en) | 1965-07-21 |
| NL301113A (de) | |
| DE1238337B (de) | 1967-04-06 |
| LU44846A1 (de) | 1964-01-20 |
| BE641542A (de) |
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