US3349596A - Method and apparatus for making pinion wire and the like - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for making pinion wire and the like Download PDF

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Publication number
US3349596A
US3349596A US425299A US42529965A US3349596A US 3349596 A US3349596 A US 3349596A US 425299 A US425299 A US 425299A US 42529965 A US42529965 A US 42529965A US 3349596 A US3349596 A US 3349596A
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United States
Prior art keywords
section
wire
depressions
zone
working
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Expired - Lifetime
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US425299A
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English (en)
Inventor
Pavlovec Oldrich
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SMERALORY ZARODY NARODNI PODNIK
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SMERALORY ZARODY NARODNI PODNIK
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K1/00—Making machine elements
    • B21K1/28—Making machine elements wheels; discs
    • B21K1/30—Making machine elements wheels; discs with gear-teeth
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES, PROFILES OR LIKE SEMI-MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C1/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, wire, rods, tubes or like semi-manufactured products by drawing
    • B21C1/16—Metal drawing by machines or apparatus in which the drawing action is effected by means other than drums, e.g. by a longitudinally-moved carriage pulling or pushing the work or stock for making metal sheets, rods or tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES, PROFILES OR LIKE SEMI-MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C3/00—Profiling tools for metal drawing; Combinations of dies and mandrels for metal drawing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES, PROFILES OR LIKE SEMI-MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C3/00—Profiling tools for metal drawing; Combinations of dies and mandrels for metal drawing
    • B21C3/02—Dies; Selection of material therefor; Cleaning thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES, PROFILES OR LIKE SEMI-MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, rods, wire, tubes, profiles or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
    • B21C37/04—Manufacture of metal sheets, rods, wire, tubes, profiles or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of rods or wire
    • B21C37/045—Manufacture of wire or rods with particular section or properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21H—MAKING PARTICULAR METAL OBJECTS BY ROLLING, e.g. SCREWS, WHEELS, RINGS, BARRELS, BALLS
    • B21H5/00—Making gear wheels, racks, spline shafts or worms
    • B21H5/02—Making gear wheels, racks, spline shafts or worms with cylindrical outline, e.g. by means of die rolls
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
    • B21J13/02—Dies or mountings therefor
    • B21J13/025—Dies with parts moving along auxiliary lateral directions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
    • B21J5/12—Forming profiles on internal or external surfaces

Definitions

  • Continuous pinion wire is produced by two sets of pressing tools, a set of sizing tools, and a trimming tool sequentially aligned along the wire path.
  • the wire moves intermittently and the two sets of transversely moving pressing tools respectively start and further shape longitudinally elongated depressions and projections on the stationary wire.
  • the rotary sizing tools and the trimming tool which reciprocates longitudinally of the wire complete shaping of the same.
  • This invention relates to the shaping of elongated plastically deformable members into elongated bodies of precisely uniform cross section, and more particularly to the making of pinion wire and similar precision shapes.
  • Wire may be fed from a coil through a first set of pressing tools in a continuous operation, but it cannot be coiled again after having undergone a preliminary shaping because of the danger of distorting its shape. It has therefore been customary to cut the pre-shaped wire into relatively short straight lengths, and to feed these lengths individually through the work zones in which further shaping operations are being performed.
  • a primary object of the invention is the provision of a method in which raw wire is converted to precisely shaped pinion wire or similar shapes in continuous length.
  • Another object is the economical manufacture of pinion wire and the like to very high standards of precision and uniformity.
  • Yet another object is the provision of apparatus for performing the method.
  • the invention in one of its aspects resides in a method in which several longitudinal sections of an elongated plastically deformable member, such as metal wire, are simultaneously subjected to shaping operations in a plurality of working zones which are spaced along the length of the member, the member being moved stepwise in the direction of its longitudinal axis through the working zones, and the shaping operations being mainly performed while the member stands still.
  • an elongated plastically deformable member such as metal wire
  • circumferentially spaced portions of each longitudinal section of the member are circumferentiall-y compressed in a first working zone while the member stands still until depressions are formed in the section and projections are raised between the depressions.
  • the aforementioned circumferentially spaced portions are thereafter subjected to further compressive stresses in a second zone until the depressions are deepened.
  • the deepened depressions are sized by rolling contact with tools that further apply compressive stresses, and the excess material of the projections between the depressions may be trimmed off in a fourth working zone, the trimming preferably being done while the member moves longitudinally.
  • the invention also resides in an apparatus in which two sets of pressing tools are mounted on a support which defines an elongated path for movement of an elongated plastically deformable member.
  • the two sets are arranged for movement toward respective longitudinally spaced portions of the path, and each include a plu rality of tools movable relative to the path in respective directions of movement transverse of the path which are angularly offset from each other relative to the direction of elongation of the path.
  • Actuating means are provided for actuating simultaneous movement of the tools in the afore-mentioned directions.
  • the apparatus has particular utility in shaping pinion wire from which pinions with more than four teeth are to be made.
  • the making of such wire requires that the directions of movement of the several pressing tools be offset by angles smaller than In order to permit progressive shaping of the depressions and intervening projections of the elongated member by the two sets of pressing tools, the tools of each set are aligned with corresponding tools of the other set for movement in common planes.
  • the apparatus further comprises sizing tools which are moved along the path of the member to be shaped in the aforementioned planes in timed sequence with the move ment of the pressing tools.
  • the member shaped by the pressing and sizing tools is passed through an opening in a trimming tool which is connected to the sizing tool for joint movement.
  • FIG. 1 shows a pinion wire shaping device of the invention in side-elevational section on the straight path of the wire through the device;
  • FIGS. 2 to 4 show details of the device of FIG. 1 on an enlarged scale and in front-elevational section on the lines II-II, III-III, and IV-IV respectively;
  • FIG. 5 shows yet another detail of the device of FIG. 1 in front elevation and on the scale of FIGS. 2 to 4.
  • FIG. 1 there is seen a cylindrical casing 1 in which the tools of the device are supported.
  • the casing 1 has a stepped cylindrical bore.
  • the first and third axial portions of the bore have the same diameter and the same length.
  • the interposed second portion is narrower, and the terminal fourth portion is wider than the first and third portions.
  • the two faces of the wedge 2 which are obliquely inclined to the axis of the casing 1 cammingly engage corresponding faces of two cylindrical motion transmitting members 3 which are conformingly guided in the second portion of the casing bore for simultaneous axial movement toward and away from the wedge 2 when the latter reciprocates in a radial direction.
  • Aligned axial guide bores in the members 3 communicate through a corresponding wider bore in the wedge 2 in all operative positions of the latter.
  • the radially outward movement of the wedge 2 is actuated by a return spring 20.
  • the members 3 are the drivers of two almost identical tool sets which are symmetrically arranged relative to the wedge 2 in the first and third portions of the casing bore and differ only by the configuration of respective pressingv jaws 8, 9.
  • Each tool set includes a cylindrical sleeve 4 which is axially guided in the casing 1 and is held in abutting engagement with the associated member 3 by springs 22, as will presently become apparent.
  • the axial bore of each sleeve has a cylindrical portion near the member 3, and a conically flaring portion.
  • Split centering bushings 5, 5' extend from opposite axial sides into the conical bore part.
  • Each of the several jaws 8, 9 is radially guided in corresponding radial grooves of the associated bushings 5, 5 in the conical bore of the sleeve 4.
  • Tubular plugs 6, 6 are centrally arranged on the bushings 5, 5' and have octagonal heads corresponding to the eight jaws in each set of jaws 8 and 9, and to the eight teeth to be formed in the pinion wire in the illustrated embodiment of the invention.
  • the plugs 6, 6 are held in abutting engagement with the jaws 8, 9 by a helical compression spring 19 interposed in the cylindrical bore of the sleeve 4 between the member 3 and the bushing 5'.
  • a hollow pin 7 is axially slidable in a central bore of the plug 6 and is urged to move inward of the conical bore in the sleeve 4 by a helical compression spring 18 which is coaxial and axially coextensive with the spring 19. The head of the pin 7 tends to move the jaws 8, 9 radially apart.
  • the centering bushing 5 has a flange near the sleeve 4.
  • a ring 12 is formed with a central recess in which the flange is retained by engaged threads on the bushing and ring.
  • the aforementioned helical springs 22 are interposed between the rings 12 and an externally threaded annular disk 14 and urge the ring 12 axially against the rim of the sleeve 4.
  • the disk 14 associated with the first tool set in the direction of wire movement forms a centrally apertured end wall for the casing 1 with which it is threadedly connected.
  • the aperture in this disk 14 constitutes the feed opening of the apparatus mounted in and on the casing 1. It is aligned with a feed chuck 24 which permits movement of wire inward of the feed opening, but prevents wire movement in the opposite direction.
  • the chuck which is of a type known in itself, may contain friction rollers which wedgingly engage the wire and an internal wall of the chuck in response to incipient backward wire movement.
  • the other disk 14 also threadedly engages the casing 1 and separates the third and fourth portions of the axial bore in the casing 1.
  • a sleeve 21 of a third tool set is axially slidable in the fourth casing portion. It has an axial bore which flares conically in the direction of wire movement, and whose narrow end is closed by a threaded plug 27 except for a central aperture.
  • a split centering bushing 25 is arranged in the wide orifice of the conical bore in the sleeve 21. Approximately radial grooves in a face of the bushing 25 fixedly hold respective carriers 11 for eight sizing tools 10.
  • Each tool 10 is a circular disk which is rotatably attached to the associated carrier for movement in a plane which includes the axis of the casing 1. The several disks 10 are angularly spaced about that axis.
  • the bushing 25 with the disks 10 is held in position in the conical bore of the sleeve 21 by a centrally apertured cap nut 12 whose internal threads engage external threads on the sleeve 21, and by a heavy washer 13 axially interposed between the nut 12' and the bushing 25.
  • the linkage which may consist of hingedly connected rods, a pinion, and a rack in a manner conventional in itself has not been shown in detail.
  • a cutting die 16 is retained in a carrier 15 by a guide ring 17, and the carrier 15 is fixedly and coaxially attached to the cap nut 12'.
  • Continuous round wire is introduced axially into the casing 1 initially by hand from a non-illustrated coil or reel through the feed chuck 24, and the prime mover (not shown) which actuates the reciprocating movements of the ram 23 and of the sleeve 21 is started.
  • the jaws 8 of the first tool set and the jaws 9 of the second tool set cammingly engage the associated sleeves 4 and move radially toward and away from innermost positions i1- lustrated respectively in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • the jaws 8 form eight shallow axial grooves about the circumference of the Wire, not itself shown in the drawing, and the displaced metal flows under the applied compressive stresses into axially elongated gaps between the jaws to form ridges.
  • the grooves are subsequently deepened, and details of the ridges are pre-shaped between the jaws 9 as is seen from the contours of the jaws in FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 4 sizing between the disks 10 brings the grooves and the flanks of the ridges to their ultimate shape and dimensions. Passage of the wire through the cutting die 16 causes trimming of excess material from the crests of the ridges.
  • the die 16 together with the guide ring 17 is shown in FIG. 5.
  • the cross sectional shape of the finished pinion wire corresponds to that of the opening in the guide ring 17.
  • the spring 20 pushes the wedge 2 upward, and the motion transmitting members 3 are moved toward each other by the expanding springs 19 backed by the springs 22 which also move the sleeves 4 toward each other.
  • the jaws 8, 9 are moved radially apart by the pins 7 under the pressure of the springs 18.
  • the sleeve 21 with the sizing disks 10 approaches the end of its axial stroke.
  • the wire released by the jaws 8 is entrained by the disks and fed forward a distance which is set to correspond to slightly less than the axial length of the jaws 8 or 9.
  • the wire is held stationary by the chuck 24. While the disks resume their forward movement, the jaws 8 engage a new portion of the cylindrical wire surface with sufiicient force to prevent axial movement of the wire by the disks 10.
  • the ram engages the wedge 2 only, when the ram approaches the lowermost position during its movement inward of the casing -1 illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • the wire is fed forward through the casing 1 a distance which is about one-tenth of the stroke of the disks 10 and of the cutting die 16. The dimensions of the finished wire are therefore not affected by spring-back of the metal after working.
  • the precisely sized wire is pushed through the cutting die 16 in the precise alignment provided by the conforming guide ring 17. It may then be cut into finished lengths convenient for handling, storage, or further processing.
  • the method of the invention thus combines the handling advantages of wire drawing apparatus employing several dies arranged in tandem with the greater precision, better metal structure, and more economical use of themetal inherent in apparatus which shapes the wire mainly by radially applied compressive stresses.
  • a method of shaping a continuous elongated plastically deformable member having a longitudinal axis which comprises:
  • a method of shaping a continuous wire having a plurality of longitudinally successive sections which comprises:
  • each set including a plurality of tools movable relative to said path in respective directions of movement transverse of said path and angularly olfset from each other relative to the direction of elongation of the path;
  • actuating means for actuating simultaneous movement of the tools of said sets toward and away from the respective portions of said path in said directions and for actuating relative movement of said wire and of said sizing tools in timed sequence with the movement of said pressing tools.
  • each tool of each set constituting a pair with a tool of the other set, said tools being elongated in the direction of elongation of said path, said actuating means actuating movement of the tools of each pair in a common plane parallel to said path.
  • a trimming tool mounted on said support means and connected to said sizing tools for joint movement therewith, said trimming tool being formed with an opening therethrough, and said path extending through said opening.
  • said actuating means including a wedge member arranged for movement on said supporting means transversely of said path, and having two wedge faces, and two motion transmitting means in camming engagement with said wedge faces respectively and operatively connected to said two sets of pressing tools for actuating said movement thereof.
  • a pair of plugs mounted near both ends of the pressing tools, said plugs having polygonal heads corresponding to the number of the pressing tools for abutment of said tools against said heads during the inward radial movement of the tools.
  • said actuating means including a wedge member movable on said support means transversely of said path, two motion transmitting members in abutting engagement with said wedge member and responsive to the transverse movement of said wedge member to move longitudinally of said path in opposite respective directions, and sleeve means interposed between each motion transmitting member and a respective set of pressing tools for moving the tools of the associated set transversely of said path when said motion transmitting member moves longitudinally of said path.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
US425299A 1964-01-16 1965-01-13 Method and apparatus for making pinion wire and the like Expired - Lifetime US3349596A (en)

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CS25964 1964-01-16

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US (1) US3349596A (de)
CH (1) CH428631A (de)
DE (1) DE1527594A1 (de)
FR (1) FR1424057A (de)
GB (1) GB1079811A (de)
SE (1) SE302595B (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3500538A (en) * 1966-08-29 1970-03-17 Gen Electric Method for producing a wire having improved soldering characteristics
US3533270A (en) * 1962-11-30 1970-10-13 Wakefield Eng Co Inc Apparatus for forming heat transfer device
US4996863A (en) * 1989-09-28 1991-03-05 Aluminum Precision Products, Inc. Radially convergent hot forging apparatus and method
WO2022082894A1 (zh) * 2020-10-19 2022-04-28 浙江晶日科技股份有限公司 一种多功能杆冷拔模具组及冷拔方法

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103260789B (zh) * 2010-11-12 2016-07-13 Pmg阿斯图里亚斯粉末金属公司 加工工件的工具
US10837072B2 (en) * 2016-08-29 2020-11-17 Magna Powertrain Inc. Splined power transmission components made using heat-assisted calibration process and method of forming such splined power transmission components
CN112845644B (zh) * 2020-12-25 2021-11-02 兰州理工大学 一种制备纯镍n6棒材表面梯度结构的装置及制备方法
CN116944272B (zh) * 2023-09-19 2023-12-15 常州常宝精特钢管有限公司 冷拔机钳口自动控制装置

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US737833A (en) * 1900-12-19 1903-09-01 Charles H Besly Process of making tap-blanks.
US1350634A (en) * 1920-08-24 A voluntary associa
US1696698A (en) * 1926-02-20 1928-12-25 William H Sommer Process for pointing and drawing wires
US2139714A (en) * 1936-01-02 1938-12-13 Chicago Metal Hose Corp Machine and process for making corrugated tubing

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1350634A (en) * 1920-08-24 A voluntary associa
US737833A (en) * 1900-12-19 1903-09-01 Charles H Besly Process of making tap-blanks.
US1696698A (en) * 1926-02-20 1928-12-25 William H Sommer Process for pointing and drawing wires
US2139714A (en) * 1936-01-02 1938-12-13 Chicago Metal Hose Corp Machine and process for making corrugated tubing

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3533270A (en) * 1962-11-30 1970-10-13 Wakefield Eng Co Inc Apparatus for forming heat transfer device
US3500538A (en) * 1966-08-29 1970-03-17 Gen Electric Method for producing a wire having improved soldering characteristics
US4996863A (en) * 1989-09-28 1991-03-05 Aluminum Precision Products, Inc. Radially convergent hot forging apparatus and method
WO2022082894A1 (zh) * 2020-10-19 2022-04-28 浙江晶日科技股份有限公司 一种多功能杆冷拔模具组及冷拔方法

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Publication number Publication date
FR1424057A (fr) 1966-01-07
SE302595B (de) 1968-07-29
CH428631A (de) 1967-01-31
DE1527594A1 (de) 1969-08-14
GB1079811A (en) 1967-08-16

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