US3349225A - Heating element for roads and the like - Google Patents
Heating element for roads and the like Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3349225A US3349225A US452507A US45250765A US3349225A US 3349225 A US3349225 A US 3349225A US 452507 A US452507 A US 452507A US 45250765 A US45250765 A US 45250765A US 3349225 A US3349225 A US 3349225A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- wires
- fabric
- heating
- heating element
- threads
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title description 28
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 21
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 240000005369 Alstonia scholaris Species 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
- H05B3/54—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes flexible
- H05B3/56—Heating cables
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C11/00—Details of pavings
- E01C11/24—Methods or arrangements for preventing slipperiness or protecting against influences of the weather
- E01C11/26—Permanently installed heating or blowing devices ; Mounting thereof
- E01C11/265—Embedded electrical heating elements ; Mounting thereof
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D13/00—Electric heating systems
- F24D13/02—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D13/00—Electric heating systems
- F24D13/02—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating
- F24D13/022—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating resistances incorporated in construction elements
- F24D13/024—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating resistances incorporated in construction elements in walls, floors, ceilings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/16—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor the conductor being mounted on an insulating base
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
- H05B3/342—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heaters used in textiles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
- H05B3/54—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes flexible
- H05B3/56—Heating cables
- H05B3/565—Heating cables flat cables
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
- H05B2203/003—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using serpentine layout
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/014—Heaters using resistive wires or cables not provided for in H05B3/54
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/014—Heaters using resistive wires or cables not provided for in H05B3/54
- H05B2203/015—Heater wherein the heating element is interwoven with the textile
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/026—Heaters specially adapted for floor heating
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/036—Heaters specially adapted for garment heating
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
Definitions
- ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE In combination with a heating coat for a road or wall surface including a first layer of synthetic resin laid on the surface, a second covering layer of synthetic resin, a heating element between the first and second layers, the element consisting of at least one layer of fabric woven with threads of glass fibres and wires adapted to be electrically incorporated with said fabric and extending partly weft threads and partly along the warp threads of the fabric and means electrically insulating at their crossing points the heating wires extending along the warp with reference to the wires extending along the weft threads, the wires being spaced by 20 to 30 mm.
- My invention has for its object a heating element adapted chiefly for incorporation with the coat covering a road or wall.
- Heated roads have already been proposed which are provided with a number of pipes arranged underneath their tread surface and through which steam or hot water is caused to flow.
- My improved heating element has now for its object to remove these drawbacks and it is characterized to this end by the fact that it includes a woven fabric made of synthetic material or of glass fibre-incorporating resistance wires forming the actual heating body of the element.
- My improved heating element is intended for incorpopreferred embodiment, the wires are partly along the warp threads of the executed in situ by covering first the of synthetic resin with the interposition, if required, of a heat-insulating material or otherwise, laying over of synthetic resin a heating body and covering said heating body with a further layer of synthetic resin.
- Such operative steps if they are to be economical, should be performed on comparatively long areas.
- the heating element according to my invention may, for instance, be constituted by a piece of woven fabric 3,349,225 Patented Oct. 24, 1967 of a length equal to 10, 15 or 20 meters, which may be brought onto the building site as a roll which is unwound gradually as it is being applied over the road.
- Said piece of fabric may, if required, be connected endwise with a further similar piece of fabric through any suitable mechanical means.
- the heating Wires incorpo rated with it may be connected endwise with the corresponding .wires of the immediately adjacent pieces of fabric.
- my improved heating element may also be executed in the shape of smaller sections brought in a fiat condition in suitable packages, to the point at which it is to be used, chiefly when the heating wires have a comparatively large diameter or the size of the building site does not allow in practice the use of pieces of fabric wound into rolls. This is the case, for instance, each time it is desired to lay a heating coat on sidewalks, staircases, vertical walls and the like.
- the heating element may be simply constituted by a heating fabric adapted for use in the execution of garments, furniture or carpets.
- a heating fabric adapted for use in the execution of garments, furniture or carpets.
- its features are such that it is light, resists comparatively large mechanical stresses, and may be executed in a cheap manner, while it resists the action of various chemical reagents and supplies a large therrnic energy.
- the woven fabric carrying the electric heating wires is made of glass fibres or, according to a modification, of synthetic material say threads made of nylon, a polyester or the like. Said fabric may be obtained in a conventional manner on a loom or be formed directly through extrusion of the fibres. It is also possible to obtain the fabric through the superposition of two series of parallel threads extending in orthogonal directions, with a gluing or welding of the threads of said series at their crossing points.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a portion of a heating element in accordance with the invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross section of the heating element shown in FIG. 1 taken approximately on the line IIII of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic another embodiment.
- the fabric body has been shown in phantom as it can be of any desired construction.
- two groups of heating wires 2 and 3 are incorporated in the fabric body 1 of glass fibre.
- the heating wires of each group are parallel to one another and are woven into the fabric.
- the wires of groups 2 and 3 are separated from one another at their crossing points and are thus electrically insulated from one another at such points.
- the wires of group 3 have extremities 7, 8 connected to an electrical source of energy and wires of group 2 have their extremities 5, 6 connected to an electrical source of energy.
- FIG. 3 there is shown another embodiment in which there is only a single series of parallel wires 2a incorporated in the woven fabric body 1a.
- the wires 2a may extend in either a warpwise or in a weftWise direction. Although they have been shown schematically as being straight, they are woven into the fabric. Their extremities 9, 10 are connected to an electrical source of energy.
- Suitable electrical connections are provided for connecting the heating wires in series, or in parallel or partially in parallel, into an electrical circuit to supply electrical current. It will further be understood that switches, transformers, rheostats or other suitable perspective view of a portion of control means are provided for controlling the current supplied to the heating wires incorporated in the fabric, for example in accordance with the heat required to maintain a selected temperature.
- the different wires incorporated with the Warp threads of the piece of woven fabric may be spaced from each other by 20 or 30 mm. according to the case.
- the metal forming such wires may be copper, aluminium or even steel. Said metal wires may in fact replace at intervals some of the warp threads or else some of the weft threads of the fabric. It is also possible to insert electric leads between the warp or weft threads or to set them across the latter. In the case of fabrics including a plurality of layers of synthetic fibres, it will be readily understood that the wires may be superposed in a similar manner.
- a heating element between said first and second layers, said element consisting of at least one layer of fabric w-oven of threads of glass fibres and wires adapted to be heated electrically incorporated with said fabric and extending partly along the weft threads and partly along the warp threads of the fabric and means electrically insulating at their crossing points the heating wires extending along the warp with reference to the wires extending along the weft threads, said wires being spaced by 20 to 30 mm.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH581264A CH413151A (fr) | 1964-05-04 | 1964-05-04 | Elément chauffant |
CH1414364A CH446552A (fr) | 1964-05-04 | 1964-11-02 | Elément chauffant |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3349225A true US3349225A (en) | 1967-10-24 |
Family
ID=25698410
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US452507A Expired - Lifetime US3349225A (en) | 1964-05-04 | 1965-05-03 | Heating element for roads and the like |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3349225A (fi) |
BE (1) | BE660490A (fi) |
CH (1) | CH446552A (fi) |
DE (1) | DE1565460A1 (fi) |
DK (1) | DK111763B (fi) |
ES (1) | ES311942A1 (fi) |
NL (1) | NL6505689A (fi) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3641921A (en) * | 1969-11-14 | 1972-02-15 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Electric toaster |
US3859506A (en) * | 1973-06-15 | 1975-01-07 | Sola Basic Ind Inc | Constant wattage heating element |
Citations (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1036632A (en) * | 1911-11-17 | 1912-08-27 | Gerhard Jahr | Electric heating-pad. |
US1456223A (en) * | 1922-04-07 | 1923-05-22 | Vit O Net Mfg Co | Electrical blanket and the like |
US2385577A (en) * | 1944-05-30 | 1945-09-25 | Benjamin Liebowitz | Fabric |
US2439892A (en) * | 1944-08-29 | 1948-04-20 | Knapp Monarch Co | Heating blanket or the like and method of fabricating same |
US2706768A (en) * | 1954-11-10 | 1955-04-19 | Kaplan Julius | Electrically heated comforter |
US2732479A (en) * | 1956-01-24 | Rowland | ||
GB758935A (en) * | 1953-10-24 | 1956-10-10 | Norman Entwistle North | Improvements in or relating to electrically heated blankets, overlays or pads |
US2862097A (en) * | 1954-06-03 | 1958-11-25 | Negromanti Antonio | Electrically heated fabrics |
US2884509A (en) * | 1957-03-05 | 1959-04-28 | Electrofilm Inc | Heating element containing a conductive mesh |
US2938992A (en) * | 1958-04-18 | 1960-05-31 | Electrofilm Inc | Heaters using conductive woven tapes |
US3064332A (en) * | 1961-03-08 | 1962-11-20 | Kaplan Julius | Electric comforter |
US3288912A (en) * | 1964-09-17 | 1966-11-29 | Ray W Hussey | Carpets wired for sound |
-
1964
- 1964-07-11 DE DE19641565460 patent/DE1565460A1/de active Pending
- 1964-11-02 CH CH1414364A patent/CH446552A/fr unknown
-
1965
- 1965-03-02 BE BE660490D patent/BE660490A/xx unknown
- 1965-03-18 DK DK137465AA patent/DK111763B/da unknown
- 1965-04-19 ES ES0311942A patent/ES311942A1/es not_active Expired
- 1965-05-03 US US452507A patent/US3349225A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1965-05-04 NL NL6505689A patent/NL6505689A/xx unknown
Patent Citations (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2732479A (en) * | 1956-01-24 | Rowland | ||
US1036632A (en) * | 1911-11-17 | 1912-08-27 | Gerhard Jahr | Electric heating-pad. |
US1456223A (en) * | 1922-04-07 | 1923-05-22 | Vit O Net Mfg Co | Electrical blanket and the like |
US2385577A (en) * | 1944-05-30 | 1945-09-25 | Benjamin Liebowitz | Fabric |
US2439892A (en) * | 1944-08-29 | 1948-04-20 | Knapp Monarch Co | Heating blanket or the like and method of fabricating same |
GB758935A (en) * | 1953-10-24 | 1956-10-10 | Norman Entwistle North | Improvements in or relating to electrically heated blankets, overlays or pads |
US2862097A (en) * | 1954-06-03 | 1958-11-25 | Negromanti Antonio | Electrically heated fabrics |
US2706768A (en) * | 1954-11-10 | 1955-04-19 | Kaplan Julius | Electrically heated comforter |
US2884509A (en) * | 1957-03-05 | 1959-04-28 | Electrofilm Inc | Heating element containing a conductive mesh |
US2938992A (en) * | 1958-04-18 | 1960-05-31 | Electrofilm Inc | Heaters using conductive woven tapes |
US3064332A (en) * | 1961-03-08 | 1962-11-20 | Kaplan Julius | Electric comforter |
US3288912A (en) * | 1964-09-17 | 1966-11-29 | Ray W Hussey | Carpets wired for sound |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3641921A (en) * | 1969-11-14 | 1972-02-15 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Electric toaster |
US3859506A (en) * | 1973-06-15 | 1975-01-07 | Sola Basic Ind Inc | Constant wattage heating element |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NL6505689A (fi) | 1965-11-05 |
ES311942A1 (es) | 1965-07-16 |
DK111763B (da) | 1968-10-07 |
CH446552A (fr) | 1967-11-15 |
DE1565460A1 (de) | 1970-06-18 |
BE660490A (fi) | 1965-07-01 |
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