CA1055094A - Electrically heatable wall covering, more particularly an electrically heatable carpet - Google Patents
Electrically heatable wall covering, more particularly an electrically heatable carpetInfo
- Publication number
- CA1055094A CA1055094A CA239,777A CA239777A CA1055094A CA 1055094 A CA1055094 A CA 1055094A CA 239777 A CA239777 A CA 239777A CA 1055094 A CA1055094 A CA 1055094A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- carpet
- electrically heatable
- wire
- heating element
- wall covering
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
- H05B3/342—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heaters used in textiles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D13/00—Electric heating systems
- F24D13/02—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
- H05B2203/004—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using zigzag layout
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/014—Heaters using resistive wires or cables not provided for in H05B3/54
- H05B2203/015—Heater wherein the heating element is interwoven with the textile
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/026—Heaters specially adapted for floor heating
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
Abstract
AN ELECTRICALLY HEATABLE WALL COVERING, MORE PARTICULARLY AN
ELECTRICALLY HEATABLE CARPET
ABSTRACT
An electrically heatable wall covering, more particularly an electrically heatable carpet, in which one or more heating elements in the form of a straight thin wire of copper or of a comparable conducting material and coated by a flexible high-temperature insulating material is woven into the carpet body and adapted to be connected to an electric power source.
ELECTRICALLY HEATABLE CARPET
ABSTRACT
An electrically heatable wall covering, more particularly an electrically heatable carpet, in which one or more heating elements in the form of a straight thin wire of copper or of a comparable conducting material and coated by a flexible high-temperature insulating material is woven into the carpet body and adapted to be connected to an electric power source.
Description
~o55094 The present invention relates to an electrically heatable wall covering on the basis of a fabric of natural and/or synthetic fibres, more particularly an electrically heatable carpet, in which a wire-shaped electrical heating element is enclosed in the carpet body.
In a well-known electrically heatable wall covering the electrical heating element is formed by a finely coiled resistance wire i.e. a wire of a material having a high specific resisti~ity. Such a construction could not be used for a floor carpet as the finely coiled resistance wire would by readily damaged and even broken as a result of the loads applied to the carpet, such as footsteps, impressions of (heavy) furniture pieces etcetera.
It is also known to apply an electrically conducting paint in a zig-zag pattern on a carrier of plastics material, such as polyester and to connect such carrier to the proper wall covering, for example wall "paper". auch a heating element in the form of a zig-zag ribbon of electrically conducting paint (so-ca~led carbon paint) could not be applied in a floor carpet either, as the electrically conducting paint would soon break under the influence of the mechanical luads exerted on the carpet in use.
For this reason this type of wall covering is used only as electrically heated wall "paper" and as ceiling covering.
From a standpoint of heat distribution heating from the floor covering would be advantageous, as in this manner a course of the temperature - considered from the floor to the ceiling of the room to be heated - could be realized which corresponds with the ideal course of temperature, according to which the room temperature has its maximum value adjacent the floor and decreases towards the ceiling, 1055~94 Therefore it is the object of the present invention to provide an electrically heatable wall covering which is more particularly adapted to be used as a floor carpet as the electrical heating element(s) is (are) capable of withstanding the loads exerted on it in use, such as footsteps, impressions by furniture pieces etcetera.
For this purpose in accordance with the present invention there is provided an electrically heatable floor covering comprising a carpet of woven electrically non-conducting fibers, wherein the improvement comprises an electrical heating element woven in the carpet as a weft thread in a zig-zag pattern covering the area of the carpet, said heating element being made of a stranded wire having a resistivity per meter of about 0.36 ohm, and being composed of a plurality of copper filaments each of which has a diameter of about 0.1 mm and is covered with a reinforcing coating of polytetrafluoroethylene which causes the wire to withstand impressions produced by footsteps and by heavy furniture without being broken, the total wire length being about 15 m. per square m.
This means that according to the invention for the heat develop-ment use is made of a material having a relatively low specific resistivity, which is normally applied in connection with its heat conducting properties rather than in connection with its heat developing properties.
The advantage of a thin wire of copper or comparable material is to be seen in that such a wire, in combination with the outstanding mechanical strength of the coating of polytetrafluoroethylene successfully withstand all of the loads exerted on the carpet in use.
In order to further increase the flexibility of the electrical heating element a stranded wire of copper or similar material is used. An electrical heating element of this structure may be considered as absolutely safe.
An electrical heating element as proposed by the present invention ~ -3-A~
lOSS~94 may be woven into the carpet body in a simple way during the normal carpet weaving process. For example the polytetrafluoroethylene-coated copper wire may be inserted in the carpet body as a weft thread.
s ~ -3a-Further details of the invention will be hereinafter further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic plan view of a carpet according to the present invention and Fib, 2 is a cross-section through a carpet according to the present invention, in which can be seen how the heating element is interwoven in the carpet body.
In the example shown in Fig. 1, the carpet 1 consists of two sections la and lb. In each of these two sections the wire-shaped element 2 is formed into a zig-zag pattern which covers the whole surface of the section. The electrical heating element 2 consists of a thin wire of copper, which is coated by an electrically insulating high-temperature material, such as polytetrafluoroethylene. The wire portions extending between the bends or curves of the zig-zag pattern are straight rather than being coiled as in the well-known electrically heated wall coverings. The distance between two adjacent straight wire portions is for example 6 cm, whereas the surface of a carpet section is for example 4 m2 (2 x 2 m). This means that the total length of heating wire is about 60 m per carpet section.
For the heating wire 2 it is advantageous to make use of a type of electrical conductor, which is applied in space crafts.
More particularly the types R30 and E2~, manufactured by Essex International Incorporation, are suitable for this purpose. The types just referred to relate to stranded wires (each consisting of seven elementary wires, each elementary wire having a diameter of about O.lmm) of nickel or silver-coated copper, covered by an extruded coating of polytetrafluoroethylene. The resistivity per meter of a wire of type E30 is for example 0.36 ohm.
When using a power source of 220 V the heating power of one section is about 2.2 KW, which means a heating power of about 550 Watts per m carpet.
The heating elements 2 in the two carpet sections la and lb are connected in parallel to a control box 3, which may comprise a temperature-regulating system and is provided with a plug 4 for connection to the power supply.
In the example sho~n in Fig. 2 the carpet consists of a backing 5, on which piles 6a are formed in some well-known manner, e.g. by pushing loops of a continuous thread 6 from the underside of the backing 5 through the meshes of the same upwardly.
As shown the heating wire 2 of the present invention can be simply woven into the carpet body by introducing it between the backing 5 and the loop portions 6b on the underside of the backing 5.
Also in a well-known manner the piles 6a, the loop portions 6b and the heating wire 2 may be bonded or locked to the backing.
For example, a tacky liquid latex compound or hot polyethylene or other thermoplastic cement may be applied to the underside of the carpet structure shown in Fig. 2.
It will be understood that the invention is not limited to the example shown. In general, the heating wire 2 may be introduced for example as a selected weft thread in any well-known carpet weaving process.
In a well-known electrically heatable wall covering the electrical heating element is formed by a finely coiled resistance wire i.e. a wire of a material having a high specific resisti~ity. Such a construction could not be used for a floor carpet as the finely coiled resistance wire would by readily damaged and even broken as a result of the loads applied to the carpet, such as footsteps, impressions of (heavy) furniture pieces etcetera.
It is also known to apply an electrically conducting paint in a zig-zag pattern on a carrier of plastics material, such as polyester and to connect such carrier to the proper wall covering, for example wall "paper". auch a heating element in the form of a zig-zag ribbon of electrically conducting paint (so-ca~led carbon paint) could not be applied in a floor carpet either, as the electrically conducting paint would soon break under the influence of the mechanical luads exerted on the carpet in use.
For this reason this type of wall covering is used only as electrically heated wall "paper" and as ceiling covering.
From a standpoint of heat distribution heating from the floor covering would be advantageous, as in this manner a course of the temperature - considered from the floor to the ceiling of the room to be heated - could be realized which corresponds with the ideal course of temperature, according to which the room temperature has its maximum value adjacent the floor and decreases towards the ceiling, 1055~94 Therefore it is the object of the present invention to provide an electrically heatable wall covering which is more particularly adapted to be used as a floor carpet as the electrical heating element(s) is (are) capable of withstanding the loads exerted on it in use, such as footsteps, impressions by furniture pieces etcetera.
For this purpose in accordance with the present invention there is provided an electrically heatable floor covering comprising a carpet of woven electrically non-conducting fibers, wherein the improvement comprises an electrical heating element woven in the carpet as a weft thread in a zig-zag pattern covering the area of the carpet, said heating element being made of a stranded wire having a resistivity per meter of about 0.36 ohm, and being composed of a plurality of copper filaments each of which has a diameter of about 0.1 mm and is covered with a reinforcing coating of polytetrafluoroethylene which causes the wire to withstand impressions produced by footsteps and by heavy furniture without being broken, the total wire length being about 15 m. per square m.
This means that according to the invention for the heat develop-ment use is made of a material having a relatively low specific resistivity, which is normally applied in connection with its heat conducting properties rather than in connection with its heat developing properties.
The advantage of a thin wire of copper or comparable material is to be seen in that such a wire, in combination with the outstanding mechanical strength of the coating of polytetrafluoroethylene successfully withstand all of the loads exerted on the carpet in use.
In order to further increase the flexibility of the electrical heating element a stranded wire of copper or similar material is used. An electrical heating element of this structure may be considered as absolutely safe.
An electrical heating element as proposed by the present invention ~ -3-A~
lOSS~94 may be woven into the carpet body in a simple way during the normal carpet weaving process. For example the polytetrafluoroethylene-coated copper wire may be inserted in the carpet body as a weft thread.
s ~ -3a-Further details of the invention will be hereinafter further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic plan view of a carpet according to the present invention and Fib, 2 is a cross-section through a carpet according to the present invention, in which can be seen how the heating element is interwoven in the carpet body.
In the example shown in Fig. 1, the carpet 1 consists of two sections la and lb. In each of these two sections the wire-shaped element 2 is formed into a zig-zag pattern which covers the whole surface of the section. The electrical heating element 2 consists of a thin wire of copper, which is coated by an electrically insulating high-temperature material, such as polytetrafluoroethylene. The wire portions extending between the bends or curves of the zig-zag pattern are straight rather than being coiled as in the well-known electrically heated wall coverings. The distance between two adjacent straight wire portions is for example 6 cm, whereas the surface of a carpet section is for example 4 m2 (2 x 2 m). This means that the total length of heating wire is about 60 m per carpet section.
For the heating wire 2 it is advantageous to make use of a type of electrical conductor, which is applied in space crafts.
More particularly the types R30 and E2~, manufactured by Essex International Incorporation, are suitable for this purpose. The types just referred to relate to stranded wires (each consisting of seven elementary wires, each elementary wire having a diameter of about O.lmm) of nickel or silver-coated copper, covered by an extruded coating of polytetrafluoroethylene. The resistivity per meter of a wire of type E30 is for example 0.36 ohm.
When using a power source of 220 V the heating power of one section is about 2.2 KW, which means a heating power of about 550 Watts per m carpet.
The heating elements 2 in the two carpet sections la and lb are connected in parallel to a control box 3, which may comprise a temperature-regulating system and is provided with a plug 4 for connection to the power supply.
In the example sho~n in Fig. 2 the carpet consists of a backing 5, on which piles 6a are formed in some well-known manner, e.g. by pushing loops of a continuous thread 6 from the underside of the backing 5 through the meshes of the same upwardly.
As shown the heating wire 2 of the present invention can be simply woven into the carpet body by introducing it between the backing 5 and the loop portions 6b on the underside of the backing 5.
Also in a well-known manner the piles 6a, the loop portions 6b and the heating wire 2 may be bonded or locked to the backing.
For example, a tacky liquid latex compound or hot polyethylene or other thermoplastic cement may be applied to the underside of the carpet structure shown in Fig. 2.
It will be understood that the invention is not limited to the example shown. In general, the heating wire 2 may be introduced for example as a selected weft thread in any well-known carpet weaving process.
Claims
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. An electrically heatable floor covering comprising a carpet of woven electrically non-conducting fibers, wherein the improvement comprises an electrical heating element woven in the carpet as a weft thread in a zig-zag pattern covering the area of the carpet, said heating element being made of a stranded wire having a resistivity per meter of about 0.36 ohm, and being composed of a plurality of copper filaments each of which has a diameter of about 0.1 mm and is covered with a reinforcing coating of poly-tetrafluoroethylene which causes the wire to withstand impressions produced by footsteps and by heavy furniture without being broken, the total wire length being about 15 m. per square m.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB49773/74A GB1539178A (en) | 1974-11-18 | 1974-11-18 | Electrically heatable floor wall or ceiling covering more particularly an electrically heatable carpet |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1055094A true CA1055094A (en) | 1979-05-22 |
Family
ID=10453487
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA239,777A Expired CA1055094A (en) | 1974-11-18 | 1975-11-17 | Electrically heatable wall covering, more particularly an electrically heatable carpet |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AT (1) | AT343238B (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1055094A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2551376A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK516075A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1539178A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7513486A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4990744A (en) * | 1988-11-15 | 1991-02-05 | Nuheat Inc. | Under floor covering heating systems |
| WO2009094785A1 (en) * | 2008-02-01 | 2009-08-06 | Philippe Charron | Surface heating system and method using heating cables and a single feed cold lead wire |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT375550B (en) * | 1981-10-14 | 1984-08-10 | Rudolf Himmelsbach | DEVICE FOR NEUTRALIZATION OF GEOLOGICAL IRRITATION OR INFLUENCING |
| US4633068A (en) * | 1984-02-15 | 1986-12-30 | Flexwatt Corporation | Electrical heating device |
| DE3521608A1 (en) * | 1985-06-15 | 1986-12-18 | Dan Klein | TEXTILE KNITWEAR AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
-
1974
- 1974-11-18 GB GB49773/74A patent/GB1539178A/en not_active Expired
-
1975
- 1975-11-15 DE DE19752551376 patent/DE2551376A1/en active Pending
- 1975-11-17 AT AT873975A patent/AT343238B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1975-11-17 CA CA239,777A patent/CA1055094A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-11-17 DK DK516075A patent/DK516075A/en unknown
- 1975-11-18 NL NL7513486A patent/NL7513486A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4990744A (en) * | 1988-11-15 | 1991-02-05 | Nuheat Inc. | Under floor covering heating systems |
| WO2009094785A1 (en) * | 2008-02-01 | 2009-08-06 | Philippe Charron | Surface heating system and method using heating cables and a single feed cold lead wire |
| US8455795B2 (en) | 2008-02-01 | 2013-06-04 | Flextherm Inc. | Surface heating system and method using heating cables and a single feed cold lead wire |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1539178A (en) | 1979-01-31 |
| DK516075A (en) | 1976-05-19 |
| DE2551376A1 (en) | 1976-05-20 |
| NL7513486A (en) | 1976-05-20 |
| ATA873975A (en) | 1977-09-15 |
| AT343238B (en) | 1978-05-10 |
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