US3359524A - Flexible heating elements - Google Patents

Flexible heating elements Download PDF

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Publication number
US3359524A
US3359524A US393937A US39393764A US3359524A US 3359524 A US3359524 A US 3359524A US 393937 A US393937 A US 393937A US 39393764 A US39393764 A US 39393764A US 3359524 A US3359524 A US 3359524A
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United States
Prior art keywords
conductors
conductor
sheet
flexible sheet
coated
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Expired - Lifetime
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US393937A
Inventor
Gallacher Daniel
Thomas W Mcgill
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IOCO Ltd
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IOCO Ltd
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Publication of US3359524A publication Critical patent/US3359524A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/26—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/02—Details
    • H05B3/06—Heater elements structurally combined with coupling elements or holders
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H05B3/146—Conductive polymers, e.g. polyethylene, thermoplastics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
    • H05B3/342—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heaters used in textiles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/011—Heaters using laterally extending conductive material as connecting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/026—Heaters specially adapted for floor heating

Definitions

  • an electrical heating element including two spaced conductors, respectively incorporating a coiled length of conductive material, secured to a flexible sheet of material incorporating or consisting of a film or layer of conductive rubber or resin which provides a current path between the two conductors.
  • FIGURE 1 illustrates the element in perspective
  • FIGURE 2 shows a length of conductor incorporated in the element of FIGURE 1, and
  • FIGURE 3 shows an enlarged View of one strand of the conductor.
  • the element comprises a rectangular sheet 1 of terylene fabric provided with a coating 7 of conductive silicone.
  • the coating 7 is shown as extending over a zone 8, although in practice the whole of the sheet of fabric is coated.
  • To one face of the sheet 1 are secured two spaced conductors 2 lying adjacent opposite edges of the sheet.
  • the silicone is an 1.01. conductive grade of silicone rubber known as ER 567.
  • Each conductor 2 comprises eight strands 3 and each individual strand consists of two strips 4 of high conductivity copper (0.001" x 0.01") wound helically onto a 250 denier terylene yarn 5. The individual strands are then spun together with four yarns 6 of 250 denier terylene yarn to form the completed so-called metal tinsel conductor.
  • the conductors 2 are secured to the sheet 1 by stitching 9 which is preferably in the form of a cross-locking stitch.
  • Each conductor may, however, consist of any conductive metal coiled without any central core or wound around a central core of cotton, synthetic (e.g. polyester) or other yarn.
  • the conductor may be used in this single strand form or a number of such single conductors may be built up into a multistrand conductor, which may itself be built up with a central core of cotton, synthetic (e.g., polyester) or other yarn.
  • the element provides a heated surface of more uniform temperature than that of conventional flexible elements and the form of conductor used results in a greater degree of flexibility than is provided by previously known elements.
  • the stitching of the conductors to the fabric has been found to provide (1) a satisfactory contact area between the conductor and the conductive sheet surface with suflicient contiguity to eliminate discharge between the conductor and the sheet; (2) a firm location of the conductors along their total length without possibility of displacement by normal mechanical stresses such as would result from flexing; and (3) an accurate and industrially practical method of spacing and positioning the conductors to provide the required degree of heating.
  • heating element includes heated blankets, heating floor heaters and tube and We claim:
  • An electrical heating element including a flexible sheet of material consisting of a woven fabric coated with electrically conductive rubber, two spaced substantially parallel and elongated conductors disposed on said coated flexible sheet, each conductor extending along an opposite edge of the flexible sheet, said conductors and coated sheet providing a current path such that the current passes from one conductor through the portion of the flexible sheet extending between the two conductors to the second conductor, each said conductor comprising a plurality of strands of conductive material wound around a core of textile material and each said strand comprising a plurality of lengths of electrically conductive material wound around a core of textile material, and stitching passing over the respective conductors securing the conductors to the surface of said flexible woven fabric sheet coated with electrically conductive rubber.
  • Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS electrically pads, bags and sheets, underpipe heaters.

Description

Dec. 19, 1967 D. GALLAGHER ET AL 3,359,524
FLEXIBLE HEATING ELEMENTS Filed Sept. 2, 1964 r IAIEIIIIIIIIIJIIIIIIJII Jn1-n ALLII III/II,
III771 I r IIIIII III/I777 IIIIIII I4 I I II IIIIIII IIIIII IIIIIII VIII IIIUIIIIIIW IIIIIIIIIIIIITI ffrHf II! II!!! IIIII I IIIIIIIIIIIrI III!!! IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIII IIIIlIIIII/I IIIIIIIII III! III I IrIYIIY/IIIIIYII III III!
I l r InIrIIIvI IIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIII JIIIIIII LLLLIII- LLLLIIIIIII! LLLLIJ! Ill! LLLLl FIGJ FIG.3
United States Patent Oflice 3,359,524 FLEXIBLE HEATING ELEMENTS Daniel Galiacher, Glasgow, and Thomas W. McGill, Bishopton, Renfrewshire, Scotland, assignors to Ioco Limited, Glasgow, Scotland, a British company Filed Sept. 2, 1964, Ser. No. 393,937 Claims priority, application Great Britain, Nov. 11, 1963, 44,493/63 2 Claims. (Cl. 338-212) This invention relates to flexible heating elements and is concerned with the provision of such elements having a greater degree of flexibility than is provided with conventional elements.
According to the invention, there is provided an electrical heating element including two spaced conductors, respectively incorporating a coiled length of conductive material, secured to a flexible sheet of material incorporating or consisting of a film or layer of conductive rubber or resin which provides a current path between the two conductors.
In order that the invention may be more fully understood, one construction of heating element in accordance with the invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which,
FIGURE 1 illustrates the element in perspective,
FIGURE 2 shows a length of conductor incorporated in the element of FIGURE 1, and
FIGURE 3 shows an enlarged View of one strand of the conductor.
Referring now to the drawings, the element comprises a rectangular sheet 1 of terylene fabric provided with a coating 7 of conductive silicone. For the purposes of illustration, the coating 7 is shown as extending over a zone 8, although in practice the whole of the sheet of fabric is coated. To one face of the sheet 1 are secured two spaced conductors 2 lying adjacent opposite edges of the sheet. The silicone is an 1.01. conductive grade of silicone rubber known as ER 567.
Each conductor 2 comprises eight strands 3 and each individual strand consists of two strips 4 of high conductivity copper (0.001" x 0.01") wound helically onto a 250 denier terylene yarn 5. The individual strands are then spun together with four yarns 6 of 250 denier terylene yarn to form the completed so-called metal tinsel conductor. The conductors 2 are secured to the sheet 1 by stitching 9 which is preferably in the form of a cross-locking stitch.
Each conductor may, however, consist of any conductive metal coiled without any central core or wound around a central core of cotton, synthetic (e.g. polyester) or other yarn. The conductor may be used in this single strand form or a number of such single conductors may be built up into a multistrand conductor, which may itself be built up with a central core of cotton, synthetic (e.g., polyester) or other yarn.
In operation of the element, conductor to a suitable supply,
upon connection of the heat is generated by the 3,359,524 Patented Dec. 19, 1967 passage of electric current through the conductive coating, the conductors merely assisting in the conveyance of current to the coating.
It has been found that the element provides a heated surface of more uniform temperature than that of conventional flexible elements and the form of conductor used results in a greater degree of flexibility than is provided by previously known elements. The stitching of the conductors to the fabric has been found to provide (1) a satisfactory contact area between the conductor and the conductive sheet surface with suflicient contiguity to eliminate discharge between the conductor and the sheet; (2) a firm location of the conductors along their total length without possibility of displacement by normal mechanical stresses such as would result from flexing; and (3) an accurate and industrially practical method of spacing and positioning the conductors to provide the required degree of heating.
Applications of the heating element include heated blankets, heating floor heaters and tube and We claim:
1. An electrical heating element including a flexible sheet of material consisting of a woven fabric coated with electrically conductive rubber, two spaced substantially parallel and elongated conductors disposed on said coated flexible sheet, each conductor extending along an opposite edge of the flexible sheet, said conductors and coated sheet providing a current path such that the current passes from one conductor through the portion of the flexible sheet extending between the two conductors to the second conductor, each said conductor comprising a plurality of strands of conductive material wound around a core of textile material and each said strand comprising a plurality of lengths of electrically conductive material wound around a core of textile material, and stitching passing over the respective conductors securing the conductors to the surface of said flexible woven fabric sheet coated with electrically conductive rubber.
2. A heating element as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stitching is in the form of a cross-locking stitch.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS electrically pads, bags and sheets, underpipe heaters.
2,277,772 3/ 1942 Marick 219-527 X 2,299,162 10/1942 Marick 219-527 2,575,987 11/1951 York et al. 219-549 X 1,275,469 8/1918 Pruessman 174-131 2,013,211 9/1935 Herkenberg 174-69 X 2,406,367 8/1946 Griffith et al. 244-134 2,473,183 6/1949 Watson 338-212 X 2,515,294 7/1950 Cowgill 338-212 X 2,669,646 2/1954 Ford 338-208 3,060,303 10/ 1962 Skoglund et a1. 338-208 X 3,092,685 6/1963 Argento 174-128 X 3,100,240 8/1963 McKirdy 174-113 X RICHARD M. WOOD, Primary Examiner. V. Y. MAYEWSKY, Examiner.

Claims (1)

1. AN ELECTRICAL HEATING ELEMENT INCLUDING A FLEXIBLE SHEET OF MATERIAL CONSISTING OF A WOVEN FABRIC COATED WITH ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE RUBBER, TWO SPACED SUBSTANTIALLY PARALLEL AND ELONGATED CONDUCTORS DISPOSED ON SAID COATED FLEXIBLE SHEET, EACH CONDUCTOR EXTENDING ALONG AN OPPOSITE EDGE OF THE FLEXIBLE SHEET, SAID CONDUCTORS AND COATED SHEET PROVIDING A CURRENT PATH SUCH THAT THE CURRENT PASSES FROM ONE CONDUCTOR THROUGH THE PORTION OF THE FLEXIBLE SHEET EXTENDING BETWEEN THE TWO CONDUCTORS
US393937A 1963-11-11 1964-09-02 Flexible heating elements Expired - Lifetime US3359524A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB44493/63A GB1024046A (en) 1963-11-11 1963-11-11 Improvements in flexible heating elements

Publications (1)

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US3359524A true US3359524A (en) 1967-12-19

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US393937A Expired - Lifetime US3359524A (en) 1963-11-11 1964-09-02 Flexible heating elements

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US (1) US3359524A (en)
BE (1) BE655558A (en)
DK (1) DK115132B (en)
GB (1) GB1024046A (en)
NL (1) NL6411633A (en)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3749886A (en) * 1971-12-06 1973-07-31 Dale Electronics Electrical heating pad
US3864160A (en) * 1970-04-15 1975-02-04 Charles Davidoff Metal-containing fibrous material
US4058704A (en) * 1974-12-27 1977-11-15 Taeo Kim Coilable and severable heating element
US4074222A (en) * 1974-03-29 1978-02-14 Shin Kiyokawa Planar heating element
US4309596A (en) * 1980-06-24 1982-01-05 Sunbeam Corporation Flexible self-limiting heating cable
US4700054A (en) * 1983-11-17 1987-10-13 Raychem Corporation Electrical devices comprising fabrics
US4708608A (en) * 1986-06-17 1987-11-24 Dirocco Jobbie Heat pad
WO1988006517A2 (en) * 1987-02-24 1988-09-07 Raychem Corporation Method of joining articles
US4845343A (en) * 1983-11-17 1989-07-04 Raychem Corporation Electrical devices comprising fabrics
US4938820A (en) * 1987-06-11 1990-07-03 Raychem Corporation Joining of sheets
US5286952A (en) * 1987-06-11 1994-02-15 Raychem Corporation Methods and devices which make use of conductive polymers to join articles
US20070145030A1 (en) * 2005-12-15 2007-06-28 Top-Bound Enterprise Co., Ltd. Planar heating device
US20090184106A1 (en) * 2008-01-17 2009-07-23 Kuei-Huang Wu Flexible planar heating device
US20140069540A1 (en) * 2012-09-11 2014-03-13 Jean Renee Chesnais Wrappable sleeve with heating elements and methods of use and construction thereof

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3400254A (en) * 1966-07-18 1968-09-03 Takemori Hiroshi Electric heating device for mounting inside a fabric covering
US6005232A (en) * 1996-06-28 1999-12-21 Raychem Corporation Heating cable

Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1275469A (en) * 1917-10-17 1918-08-13 Western Electric Co Flexible conductor.
US2013211A (en) * 1932-10-08 1935-09-03 Herkenberg Karl Process for the production of extensible electric conductors
US2277772A (en) * 1941-03-08 1942-03-31 Us Rubber Co Electricallly heated wearing apparel
US2299162A (en) * 1941-05-22 1942-10-20 Us Rubber Co Electrically heated sinus pad
US2406367A (en) * 1944-11-10 1946-08-27 Honorary Advisory Council Sci Prevention and removal of ice or frost on aircraft parts
US2473183A (en) * 1947-07-16 1949-06-14 Bates Mfg Co Electrically conductive fabric
US2515294A (en) * 1947-06-18 1950-07-18 Us Rubber Co Freezing unit defroster
US2575987A (en) * 1947-08-29 1951-11-20 Rca Corp Conducting rubber heating element
US2669646A (en) * 1950-01-20 1954-02-16 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Electrically conductive material
US3060303A (en) * 1958-07-29 1962-10-23 George A Skoglund Heating element
US3092685A (en) * 1961-05-12 1963-06-04 Argento Loris Flexible electric conductor
US3100240A (en) * 1956-07-17 1963-08-06 John W Schmidt Extensible electric conduit

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1275469A (en) * 1917-10-17 1918-08-13 Western Electric Co Flexible conductor.
US2013211A (en) * 1932-10-08 1935-09-03 Herkenberg Karl Process for the production of extensible electric conductors
US2277772A (en) * 1941-03-08 1942-03-31 Us Rubber Co Electricallly heated wearing apparel
US2299162A (en) * 1941-05-22 1942-10-20 Us Rubber Co Electrically heated sinus pad
US2406367A (en) * 1944-11-10 1946-08-27 Honorary Advisory Council Sci Prevention and removal of ice or frost on aircraft parts
US2515294A (en) * 1947-06-18 1950-07-18 Us Rubber Co Freezing unit defroster
US2473183A (en) * 1947-07-16 1949-06-14 Bates Mfg Co Electrically conductive fabric
US2575987A (en) * 1947-08-29 1951-11-20 Rca Corp Conducting rubber heating element
US2669646A (en) * 1950-01-20 1954-02-16 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Electrically conductive material
US3100240A (en) * 1956-07-17 1963-08-06 John W Schmidt Extensible electric conduit
US3060303A (en) * 1958-07-29 1962-10-23 George A Skoglund Heating element
US3092685A (en) * 1961-05-12 1963-06-04 Argento Loris Flexible electric conductor

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3864160A (en) * 1970-04-15 1975-02-04 Charles Davidoff Metal-containing fibrous material
US3749886A (en) * 1971-12-06 1973-07-31 Dale Electronics Electrical heating pad
US4074222A (en) * 1974-03-29 1978-02-14 Shin Kiyokawa Planar heating element
US4058704A (en) * 1974-12-27 1977-11-15 Taeo Kim Coilable and severable heating element
US4309596A (en) * 1980-06-24 1982-01-05 Sunbeam Corporation Flexible self-limiting heating cable
US4845343A (en) * 1983-11-17 1989-07-04 Raychem Corporation Electrical devices comprising fabrics
US4700054A (en) * 1983-11-17 1987-10-13 Raychem Corporation Electrical devices comprising fabrics
US4708608A (en) * 1986-06-17 1987-11-24 Dirocco Jobbie Heat pad
WO1988006517A2 (en) * 1987-02-24 1988-09-07 Raychem Corporation Method of joining articles
WO1988006517A3 (en) * 1987-02-24 1988-12-15 Raychem Corp Method of joining articles
US4938820A (en) * 1987-06-11 1990-07-03 Raychem Corporation Joining of sheets
US5286952A (en) * 1987-06-11 1994-02-15 Raychem Corporation Methods and devices which make use of conductive polymers to join articles
US20070145030A1 (en) * 2005-12-15 2007-06-28 Top-Bound Enterprise Co., Ltd. Planar heating device
US20090184106A1 (en) * 2008-01-17 2009-07-23 Kuei-Huang Wu Flexible planar heating device
US20140069540A1 (en) * 2012-09-11 2014-03-13 Jean Renee Chesnais Wrappable sleeve with heating elements and methods of use and construction thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1024046A (en) 1966-03-30
NL6411633A (en) 1965-05-12
BE655558A (en) 1965-03-01
DK115132B (en) 1969-09-08

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