US3348598A - Burner and its operation - Google Patents

Burner and its operation Download PDF

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Publication number
US3348598A
US3348598A US437702A US43770265A US3348598A US 3348598 A US3348598 A US 3348598A US 437702 A US437702 A US 437702A US 43770265 A US43770265 A US 43770265A US 3348598 A US3348598 A US 3348598A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
burner
oil
air
nozzle
spray
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US437702A
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English (en)
Inventor
Momchilovich Milan
Wallace F Rhodes
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
FALLS STAMPING AND WELDING CO
Original Assignee
FALLS STAMPING AND WELDING CO
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by FALLS STAMPING AND WELDING CO filed Critical FALLS STAMPING AND WELDING CO
Priority to US437702A priority Critical patent/US3348598A/en
Priority to NO158643A priority patent/NO116474B/no
Priority to DE19651501824 priority patent/DE1501824B1/de
Priority to DK430565AA priority patent/DK107632C/da
Priority to BE675219D priority patent/BE675219A/xx
Priority to NL6602735A priority patent/NL6602735A/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3348598A publication Critical patent/US3348598A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/10—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an oil burner which includes a new nozzle and new combustion chamber, etc. which include novel features of constiuction.
  • the invention relates also to a new method of oil combustion.
  • the burner is designed particularly for use in operations in which the burner is turned all of the way ON. Provisions are made for varying the oil and air supplied, between a higher or lower heat requirement. At the time the burner is manfactured or when it is installed, the proper means is selected for feeding just the required amount of oil and air through the nozzle, and this amount will be greater or less depending upon the firing rate, i.e. the B.t.u. (British thermal unit) rating of the equipment in which the burner is installed.
  • the burner is particularly adapted for use in a dwelling, such as a home or apartment, in which one or more furnaces, water heaters, incinerators, clothes driers, etc. are installed.
  • a dwelling such as a home or apartment
  • Each is provided with a burner, and all of the burners are supplied with oil from a single source.
  • a small reservoir for oil equipped with a constant-level device, is provided just below each burner nozzle, and oil is lifted from this constant-level device up into the burner by air supplied from a single compressor provided with a manifold which feeds air to each burner through a different outlet under a given pressure.
  • Each burner functions only when air is supplied to it.
  • the air draws the oil into the burner.
  • the air supply for any one burner is always under the same pressure, although the air may be supplied from the manifold to the ing Company, Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio, a corporation of 0 different burners under different pressures.
  • the oil burner is equipped to supply the amount of oil required for that burner, and a larger or smaller number of openings are provided in the burner for admission 'of the equired amount of secondary air for combustion of that amount of oil.
  • the amount of oil'supplied to a burner depends upon the firing rate of the equipment in which it is installed.
  • identical burners with proper adjustment at the time of installation, may provide air at 3 pounds pressure per square inch to the burner in an incinerator which uses 18 cubic centimeters of oil per minute to provide 35,000 B.t.u. (British thermal units) to the incinerator, and air at 4 pounds pressure per square inch to the burner in a furnace which uses 38 cubic centimeters of oil per minute to provide 75,000 Btu. to the furnace.
  • the system is designed particularly for operation at low air pressures, usually less than ten pounds per square inch,
  • the burner may be used in a commercial installation, but is designed particularly for use in a system in a dwelling, which may be a modification of the system described in US. Ser. No. 236,481 filed Nov. 9, 1962, by Momchilovich and Rhodes.
  • Oil and primary air are supplied to the burner nozzle.
  • a whirling motion is imparted to this mixture within the nozzle.
  • secondary air is added to the mixture, it is given a whirling motion, and passed over heated wires (preferably a stainless steel of high 3,348,598 Patented Oct. 24, 1967 quality) and usually arranged as a series of screens, to gasify the oil.
  • the Wires are heated to red or while heat, i.e. about 1800 F. or greater. They break down any droplets in the air-oil mixture and radiate infra-red rays which quickly heat the mixture passing between the wires to a temperature at which the oil is broken down and gasified.
  • the resulting gaseous mixture is supplied to a supplement tal burner where it is burned.
  • This supplemental burner may be of any suitable construction.
  • FIGURE 1 is a plan view of the burner
  • FIGURE 2 is an enlarged section on the line 22 of FIGURE 1;
  • FIGURE 2A is an elevational detail on the line 2A-- 2A of FIGURE 2;
  • FIGURE 3 is a section on the line 33 of FIGURE 1;
  • FIGURE 4 is a section on the line 44 of FIGURE 2;
  • FIGURE 5 is a section on the line 5-5 of FIGURE 4;
  • FIGURE 5A is a section on line 5A.5A of FIG- URE 5;
  • FIGURE 6 is an exploded view of the burner
  • FIGURE 7 is an enlarged ection through the nozzle;
  • FIGURE 8 is a section on the line 88 of FIGURE 7;
  • FIGURE 9 is an exploded view of the nozzle; and FIGURES 10 and 11 are sections on the lines 1010 and 1111-of FIGURE 9, respectively.
  • the nozzle 1 (FIG- URE 7) comprises the nozzle sleeve 2, the nozzle tip 3, and the nozzle body 4 which provides the air inlet 5 (the only inlet for air under pressure) and oil inlet 6.
  • the nozzle is mounted in the burner by its threads 7 being screwed into the threaded collar 8 of the nozzle holderand-spacer 9.
  • all secondary air is drawn into the burner by the current of gases passing through the burner, initiated by the primary air introduced through inlet 5.
  • the volume of the gases increases as they pass through the burner due to their being heated and the partial combustion which takes place within the burner.
  • the nozzle is assembled by slipping a metering insert 10 or 10' (FIGURES ,9-11) or the like, with a suitable opening 11 or 11' or the like, into the sleeve.
  • the size of the opening controls the amount of oil aspirated into the combustion chamber.
  • the metering insert may be omitted altogether to supply the maximum amount of oil.
  • the washer 12 of nylon or the like which is sufficiently resilient to prevent rattling, is first put into the bore of the body 4. The sleeve and insert are then put in place and the tip is screwed into the body to hold the sleeve in place.
  • the aspirated oil passes out through the nozzle tip 3 into the burner where the air diffusers 45 and 46 accelerate its whirling motion and form it into a conical spray.
  • the spray passes through the electrode assembly 48 and into contact with the inner screen 50 (FIGURE 2) in the combustion chamber.
  • the combustion chamber 60 (FIGURES 1, 2, 5 and 6) is provided with identical screen retainers 62 and 64 (FIGURES 2 and 5).
  • the outer screen 66 fits inside of the outer prongs 68 (FIGURES 5 and 6) of the screen retainers and the middle screen 7 fits inside of the inner prongs 72 of these retainers 62 and 64.
  • the ring 74 (FIG- URES 2 and A) is welded to inner screen 59 before this screen is assembled in the burner. This ring 74 is registered against the back retainer ring 7 6 (FIGURES 2, 5, 5A and 6) and limits the extent to which this screen can be slid into the burner.
  • the prongs 77 on ring 76 provide just room enough to accommodate the screen 50 within them. Before assembly in the burner, these prongs 77 are peened at 78 (FIGURE 5A) to cause them to become enmeshed in the screen.
  • the front plate 80 is held by rivets 81 to narrow bracketjs 82 which extend through the notches 84 (FIGURE 6) in the combustion chamber 61 ⁇ and their inner ends are notched at 86 to abut against the burner retainer screws 88. These screws extend through openings 90 in the nozzle holder and spacer 9; openings 93 and 94 in the air diffusers 45 and 46; openings 95 and 96 in the gaskets 97 and 98; openings 99 in the porcelain housing 48 of the electrode assembly; openings 100 in the gasket 102; openings 104 in the back retainer ring 76; partial openings 108 in the screen retainer 62; partial openings 110 in the screen retainer 64; openings 112 in the combustion chamber 60 and then through openings 114 in the back plate 116. They are held in place by the hex nuts 118 which are separated from the back plate by lock washers 120.
  • the electrical conductor 122 (FIGURES l and 3) is provided with an opening at one end through which one of the screws 88 (FIGURE 3) passes, and at the other end there is an opening in which the electrode 52 is held by the nuts 126.
  • the other electrode 53 passes out to the recess 130 in the electrode housing 48 and it is here connected with the terminal 132.
  • the electrodes are insulated from the metal housing.
  • the inner ends of the electrodes extend up into the path of the oil mist as shown in FIG- URE 3 and secondary air sucked through opening 134 (FIGURES 1 and 2) diffuses the spark into the chamber.
  • the inner ends of the electrodes may be located within the recess 135, and in that case the spark is drawn into the path of the oil mist by the current of air drawn into the burner through the opening 134.
  • the diffusers 45 and 46 are identical. They are stamped from sheet metal. There are three wings 140 on each of these air diffusers and they extend in from the main portion of the diffuser as shown in FIGURES 2, 3 and 6. These wings are cut from the center of the stamping, a part of which is removed. In installing these diffusers which are identical, the outer annular portions are brought into flat contact, and are turned so that the holes in the annular portions coincide and the wings of the respective diffusers are located between one another as best shown in FIGURE-3.
  • each wing is integral with the outer annular portion of the diffuser, and the other portion is cut away so that when the wings are angled out as shown in FIGURE 2 they impart a swirling conical motion to the air stream as it passes through them. This gives an additional swirling motion to the subsequent spray as it passes through the electrode assembly and out through the screens.
  • the outer and inner prongs 68 and 72 on the identical screen retainers 62 and 64 are bent in as best shown in FIGURE 6. These prongs are bent in at different distances from the center of each retainer, as clearly shown in FIG- URE 5.
  • the outer edges of the respective retainers are flanged toward one another, and they are notched at 141 to receive the brackets 82 on the back plate (FIGURE 6). These notches coincide with the notches 84 in the rim of the combustion chamber 60.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a new burner as it is received from the manufacturer.
  • the gaskets 97 and 98 there are but two openings 143 in addition to openings 94 and for the screws 88. These are on opposite sides of the gaskets. These openings 143 coincide with openings in the other elements and are designed to channel a measured amount of secondary air into the combustion chamber.
  • a burner is installed in a particular piece of equipment, such as a clothes drier or furnace, etc., it will be known how much secondary air will be required for the amount of oil it will utilize.
  • one or more additional holes are readily punched in all of the gaskets simultaneously by inserting a sharp implement into one or more additional openings provided in the stampings, etc., starting at the holder 9 and extending through the several elements until the im plerne-nt has passed through the gasket 102.
  • more or less oil is supplied to the burner by proper seleetion of the insert 10 or 10" or other insert.
  • Any additional holes required in the gaskets are preferably distributed uniformly about the edge of the burner, as the holes provided in the metal stampings permit.
  • the number of such openings in each burner which are effective for the introduction of second ary air is limited to the number of openings provided in the several gaskets, as above described.
  • the air is drawn into the space in the outer portion of the combustion chamber through these openings by the current of the aspirated oil and gases passing through the burner. Only enough air is supplied to the burner to partially oxidize the oil. Sufficient combustion takes place within the burner to raise the temperature of the screens to red or white heat producing infra-red radiation. The inner screen 50 becomes the hottest.
  • the openings 155 (FIG- URE 2) in it are present to provide an element of back pressure desirable for easy, quiet starting. Because the air supplied to the burner is sufficient to onlypartially burn the oil, the gases leaving the combustion chamber are called starved gases.
  • the oil drawn up into the nozzle leaves the tip 3 as a cone. It meets air introduced through channels 28 and the oil and air are given a spiral, conical motion as they pass through diffusers 140.
  • the combustion chamber 60 is so located that the conical spray contacts the inner screen 50 within the combustion chamber.
  • Much of the outer portion of the cone of the oil mist passes throu h "the inner scr en and some passes through the middle screen and also some thr ugh the other screen. It is driven outwardly by the spiraled conical How of the air and oil mixture. It moves outwardly through that portion of the screens nearest the back plate 116 anti then circulates back and is returned through the forward portions of the various screens 'in the general location of the combustioh chamber adjacent the back retainer ring 106.
  • Safety means, etc. are provided as required, the device in FIGURE 1 identified by the numeral 160 being a flame sensor.
  • An oil burner which includes: an oil inlet, a primary air inlet, means for producing a conical spray of the oil in the air and a passage for the spray leading therefrom,
  • screen means located so as to be contacted by the spray and heated to incandescence from partial combustion of the oil in the spray, said screen means surrounding the passage and separating it from a chamber exterior of the passage which is closed exteriorly of the screen means except for an inlet for secondary air, and
  • the screen means is metallic and is arranged as a series of successive screens through which the spray passes.
  • the burnei of claim 1 having in the portion adjacent a tor the entering air which is composed of identical parts with hat marginal 'polftions which are in contact with one another, with wings angling inw r cll away from said portions to impart a whirling conical motion to theenterin-g air, the wings on one ai' ruse-r being located between the wings on the other diffuser.
  • a nozzle in which the inlets for oil and primary air are located, and one end of the nozzle is held in one end of the wall that forms the passage, and
  • this end of the nozzle is notched and passages exist between the notches and wall for the introduction of secondary air.
  • parts of the nozzle are threaded for easy separation to gain access to said metering part.
  • the removable part is a cylinder with a groove in one surface, which part is adapted to slide in the oil passage leading from the oil inlet.
  • each of the several screens surrounds the passage and these screens are sup ported in identical retainers in each of which there is an opening large enough to prevent obstruction of the gases passing through the passage,
  • each retainer having concentric series of prongs projecting from one surface
  • the prongs of each series being adapted to position one of the screens.
  • An oil burner which comprises a combustion-chamher, an oil inlet and a primary air inlet, a nozzle adjacent to which said oil and air inlet are connected and which is in one end of the chamber into which an oil-air mixture is sprayed by the nozzle, perforate partition means within the chamber which separates a portion of the chamber through which partition means some of said oil-air mix ture is admitted to this portion and in burning raises the partition to incandescence, openings for introducing secondary air to the chamber and to said portion, there being no other opening in said portion, and ignition means for the oil between the nozzle and said partition.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Irons (AREA)
  • Pressure-Spray And Ultrasonic-Wave- Spray Burners (AREA)
US437702A 1965-03-08 1965-03-08 Burner and its operation Expired - Lifetime US3348598A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US437702A US3348598A (en) 1965-03-08 1965-03-08 Burner and its operation
NO158643A NO116474B (ja) 1965-03-08 1965-06-23
DE19651501824 DE1501824B1 (de) 1965-03-08 1965-07-13 Feuerungseinrichtung mit einer Vorverbrennungskammer
DK430565AA DK107632C (da) 1965-03-08 1965-08-23 Fremgangsmåde ved forbrænding af flydende brændstof og brænderapparat til udøvelse af fremgangsmåden.
BE675219D BE675219A (ja) 1965-03-08 1966-01-17
NL6602735A NL6602735A (ja) 1965-03-08 1966-03-02

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US437702A US3348598A (en) 1965-03-08 1965-03-08 Burner and its operation

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3348598A true US3348598A (en) 1967-10-24

Family

ID=23737525

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US437702A Expired - Lifetime US3348598A (en) 1965-03-08 1965-03-08 Burner and its operation

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3348598A (ja)
BE (1) BE675219A (ja)
DE (1) DE1501824B1 (ja)
DK (1) DK107632C (ja)
NL (1) NL6602735A (ja)
NO (1) NO116474B (ja)

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US329844A (en) * 1885-11-03 mulloy
US1355443A (en) * 1919-11-20 1920-10-12 Auger Victor Gas-generator
US1450229A (en) * 1920-06-09 1923-04-03 Robinson John George Furnace of locomotives
US2869626A (en) * 1954-06-28 1959-01-20 Silent Glow Oil Burner Corp Fluid fuel burning apparatus
GB815643A (en) * 1954-08-09 1959-07-01 Alec Joseph Skinner Improvements in fuel-fired furnaces
US3124193A (en) * 1964-03-10 Oil burner assembly
US3131749A (en) * 1960-11-18 1964-05-05 Gulf Research Development Co Aspirating liquid fuel burner
US3221796A (en) * 1963-11-29 1965-12-07 Midland Ross Corp Self-stabilizing combustion apparatus

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE568339A (ja) *
BE610848A (fr) * 1960-11-29 1962-03-16 Willi Broedlin Procédé de gazéification suivie de combustion d'une huile combustible

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US329844A (en) * 1885-11-03 mulloy
US3124193A (en) * 1964-03-10 Oil burner assembly
US1355443A (en) * 1919-11-20 1920-10-12 Auger Victor Gas-generator
US1450229A (en) * 1920-06-09 1923-04-03 Robinson John George Furnace of locomotives
US2869626A (en) * 1954-06-28 1959-01-20 Silent Glow Oil Burner Corp Fluid fuel burning apparatus
GB815643A (en) * 1954-08-09 1959-07-01 Alec Joseph Skinner Improvements in fuel-fired furnaces
US3131749A (en) * 1960-11-18 1964-05-05 Gulf Research Development Co Aspirating liquid fuel burner
US3221796A (en) * 1963-11-29 1965-12-07 Midland Ross Corp Self-stabilizing combustion apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE675219A (ja) 1966-07-18
DK107632C (da) 1967-06-19
NO116474B (ja) 1969-03-31
NL6602735A (ja) 1966-09-09
DE1501824B1 (de) 1970-07-23

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