US3333467A - Method and apparatus for evaluating crimp uniformity - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for evaluating crimp uniformity Download PDF

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Publication number
US3333467A
US3333467A US407699A US40769964A US3333467A US 3333467 A US3333467 A US 3333467A US 407699 A US407699 A US 407699A US 40769964 A US40769964 A US 40769964A US 3333467 A US3333467 A US 3333467A
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Prior art keywords
tow
rolls
crimp
tension
tensioning
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US407699A
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English (en)
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Louis P Hoskins
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Eastman Kodak Co
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Eastman Kodak Co
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Priority to US407699A priority Critical patent/US3333467A/en
Priority to DE1473750A priority patent/DE1473750C3/de
Priority to GB45817/65A priority patent/GB1124307A/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G01L5/04—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring tension in flexible members, e.g. ropes, cables, wires, threads, belts or bands
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N19/00—Investigating materials by mechanical methods

Definitions

  • My coworker Smith in U.S. 2,790,208 disclosed the use of a reciprocating striker to provide .an additional increment of tension intermittently to tow while under tension provided by passage between retarded and driven rolls.
  • My coworker Jackson in an earlier filed patent, U.S. 2,926,392 disclosed the use of a pair of positively driven dOVWJStI'fiHIIl tension rolls for exerting a pulling force on longitudinally moving tow of crimped continuous filaments after the tow has passed through the nip formed between a pair of upstream rolls retarded so as to exert a holding-back effect on the tow against the pulling force of the tension rolls.
  • Crimp angle and crimps per inch afiect the carding, drawing and bulkiness of fiber. These parameters must be controlled if a uniform product is to be produced.
  • One object of this invention is to provide a method and apparatus for measuring the amount of crimp in a sample of tow, yarn, or the like textile product. Another object is to provide an apparatus and methodfor continuously indicating the average crimp angle and crimp variability of crimped, continuous-filament yarn or-tow; A still 'further object is to provide method and apparatus which will give a constant quantitative record of crimp angle and crimps per inch of a moving tow or yarn of synthetic filaments. Further objects will appear hereinafter.
  • my invention involves measuring the amount of relaxation of tension on a band of crimped tow at a point between its passage through tensioning rolls and relaxing rolls.
  • the tow passes over a free-turning tension-sensing roller connected by way of a force transducer to a suitable recording device.
  • the tensioning rolls (input relax rolls) turn at any convenient speed which is usually determined by the nature of the process which may occur before or after the apparatus of the invention.
  • the relaxing rolls (output relax rolls) turn at a constant surface speed which is less than that of the tension rolls.
  • the crimp in the tow recovers sufliciently to maintain a tension in the tow which is proportional to the crimp angle, crimps per inch, modulus of elasticity and surface speed ratio of tensioning rolls and relaxing rolls.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of the crimpmeasuring process of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a section of crimped filament in a free, unstressed state (A) and in a tension state (B).
  • FIG. 3 is a graph which illustrates (in curve A) the relationship between fiilament length and filament tension for a representative filament having a saw-tooth shaped crimp, (in curve B) the same relationship for a filament having larger crimp angle and/or fewer crimps and (in curve C) a similar relationship for a filament with smaller crimp angle and/ or more crimps.
  • Crimped tow or yarn 10 is fed at relatively low tension to a pair of non-driven pretensioning rolls 12, then through a second pair of constant-speed tensioning rolls 14, then over a free-turning tension-sensing roller 16, next through a pair of relaxing rolls 18 which turn at a constant surface speed substantially less than the surface speed of rolls 14, and finally away from rolls 1 8 to a further processing operation.
  • pretensioning rolls 12 The function of pretensioning rolls 12 is to bring the tow in the zone between roll pair 12 and roll pair 14 to a uniform tension high enough to substantially straighten the crimp bends but not high enough to cause permanent deformation of crimp bends.
  • the stress in the filaments at the straightened crimp bends is below the elastic limit of the filaments.
  • Rolls 14 are driven at a constant speed to match the mass flow rate of tow or yarn for the process.
  • the tow or yarn is deflected in its path as it passes over the tension-sensing roller 16 in order that a force component proportional to the tow tension will be exerted upon the roller.
  • rolls 18 are turning at a lower surface speed than rolls 14, the crimp in the tow recovers and in so doing maintains a tension in the tow which is proportional to the crimp angle, crimps per inch, modulus of elasticity of the fiber and surface speed ratio of rolls 14 and rolls 18.
  • the force on roller 16 istransmitted through appropriate linkage 20 to a force transducer 22, which is connected to a suitable recording instrument 24.
  • Thetow tension in the tension relaxation zone between rolls 14 and rolls 18 increases with decreasing crimp angle and increasing crimps per uncrimped length and decreases with increasing crimp angle can decreasing crimps per uncrimped length.
  • Example I The machine used in this example consisted of three pairs of air-loaded rolls, a tension-sensing roll or monitor and tension recording equipment.
  • the pretensioning rolls are referred to as drag rolls, the tension- 5 ing rolls as driven input relax rolls and the relaxing rolls as output relax rolls.
  • the tow is straightened in Zone 1 by action of the drag rolls pulling TABLE I Thickness of Test Pillow l Relax Tension, Variation in Crimps per Crimp Angle (cm.) Crimper (lbs.) Relax Tension, Inch 2 eg.) Remarks 1 percent At 0.01 p.s.i. At 0.15 p.s.i.
  • Pillows were made by stutfing 23 ounces of carded fiber into standard x 28" finished-size pillow ticks. and thickness measurements were made with a 12%-diameter disc with pressure as indicated.
  • Sample B tow produced thicker pillows because a greater proportion of the fibers from this tow was crimped Within the optimum range of crimp angle and crimps per inch as indicated by the lower variability in relax tension of 45% as compared to 200% for Sample A tow.
  • Example 11 The same conditions as those of Example I were used in the work described in this example except that the relax ratio was 12.5 percent and the surface speeds of rolls 14 and 18 were 125 and 109.4 respectively. The following samples were identical except that the crimper temperature and pressure were varied to change the crimp angle and crimps per inch respectively.
  • Example 111 After establishing standard settings, the monitor was Tests indicated that there is relationship between crimp amplitude and tendency of crimped tow to contract after being released from tension. Crimp amplitude is an important factor in obtaining good filling power. A continuous monitoring was used based on these relationships. The system was designed to continuously measure the recovery force of 400,000 denier tow when released from a tension of 20 to 30 pounds. The objective of this example is to correlate tow recovery forces measured by the crimp measuring method and apparatus of this invention with standard pillow tests performed on cut staple used as pillow down or stufling and made from the same sample. The crimp testing device or monitor such as depicted in FIG. 1 was used for this example. The principle of operation is that the recovery force generated by previously tensioned tow varies in a constant percent relax zone according to the type of crimp amplitude that the tow contains (shallow, low amplitude or uniform, normal amplitude, etc.).
  • the variation of short sections of tow may be studied readily by speeding up the Brush chart from 1250 mm./hour to 5 mm./ second.
  • the monitor appears to be sensitive at both 12.5% and 16.7% relax to conditions that affect crimp amplitude. Any significant change at the crimper, such as steam pressure, that causes a shift in the amplitude is reflected in the monitor reading.
  • the relax ratio between tensioning and relaxing should be within the range of the available crimp recovery of the tow.
  • the relax ratio is increased, the force on the measuring roller gradually approaches zero for a given tow. Ratios above the zero force limit may result in an accumulation of excess tow between tensioning and relaxing. It is, however, quite possible for the force on the measuring roller to be zero temporarily if the crimp of the tow is highly variable.
  • Slippage between tensioning and relaxing rolls may alter the effective relax ratio and result in an erroneous force indication on the measuring roller and accordingly should be avoided.
  • the pressure between paired rolls may be kept high enough to prevent slippage of the tow relative to the rolls.
  • the speed ratio of the rolls may be held constant by no-slipping, connecting drive means such as gears, chain or cog belt drives and the like.
  • the tension-sensing roller may be made of lightweight material to reduce inertia and mounted on low-friction bearings.
  • the linkage between the tension-sensing roller and the force transducer should also have low inertia and free movement. Such precautions help to increase the sensitivity of the sytsem and allow more detailed analysis of the crimper variation.
  • the distance between tensioning and relaxing rolls determines the minimum length of tow within which a crimp variation can be detected with best accuracy.
  • the distance between tensioning and relaxing rolls is inches and it is desired to detect a variation in crimp angle which exists for only one inch of tow length, the recovery tension in the tow between these rolls would be the average tension over 20 inches of relaxed tow. Therefore, the
  • the invention has been described primarily with relationship to its use as a monitor to be used to measure the degree of crimp in a moving filamentary tow during the manufacturing process, it will be readily recognized that it may be used to evaluate crimp uniformity and characteristics for the purpose of checking ball warps or bales of tow used in the Pacific Converter Process or in the manufacture of cigarette filters from baled tow. That is, the tow to be evaluated may come directly from a crimper or other operation in the tow manufacturing process or it may be supplied from a bale or ball warp of tow.
  • the instrument is usable on any chemical composition of filamentary tow such as regenerated viscose, cellulose acetate, acrylic, modacrylic, polyester, polyamide or polyolefin polymers.
  • the type of crimp may be of the sawtooth type, sinusoidal or helical.
  • the crimp meter While the use of the crimp meter has been illustrated with heavy denier tows, it may also be used when scaled down in size to measure in ounces or grams to evaluate the uniformity of texture or crimp in textured yarns such as described in U.S. Patents 2,439,815, 2,019,185, 3,099,- 064, 2,960,730, in my copending application U.S. Serial No. 826,714 or, in U.S. No. 281,644 of my coworker Chase. When used in connection with these textured crimped yarns, my device is quite useful for monitoring and controlling the uniformity of crimp texture so that knitted or woven fabrics or tufted rugs prepared therefrom are uniform and substantially streak-free in appearance.
  • a drop in quality level can be detected immediately and can be rapidly followed by appropriate corrective action.
  • production of substandard tow can be held to a minimum.
  • a method of evaluating crimp in tow which comprises passing a band of moving crimped tow through the nip formed between a pair of tensioning rolls moving counterdirectionally at a substantially constant speed matching that of said moving tow, passing said tow between the nip formed between a pair of relaxing rolls moving counterdirectionally at a substantially constant speed less than that of said tensioning rolls, deflecting said tow between said tensioning rolls and said relaxing rolls by passing it partly around a tension-sensing roller and thereby exerting a force component on the roller proportional to the tow tension, and measuring said force component and thereby indicating the average angle and amount of crimp in said tow.
  • a method of evaluating tow crimp which comprises uniformly pretensioning the crimped tow sufliciently to substantially remove the crimp but not cause permanent deformation thereof, feeding the said pretensioned tow through a first feeding means at a substantially first constant speed, feeding the said tow through a second feeding means at a substantially second constant speed slower than said first speed, and measuring the tension in the tow between said first and second feeding means to obtain an indication of crimp angle and uniformity.
  • the invention comprising a tension-sensing roller arranged to deflect the tow between said tensioning rolls and said relaxing rolls whereby said tow applies a force component proportional to the tow tension to said roller permitting the crimp in the tow to recover and maintaining a tension in the tow proportional to the crimp angle, cri

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Preliminary Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
US407699A 1964-10-30 1964-10-30 Method and apparatus for evaluating crimp uniformity Expired - Lifetime US3333467A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US407699A US3333467A (en) 1964-10-30 1964-10-30 Method and apparatus for evaluating crimp uniformity
DE1473750A DE1473750C3 (de) 1964-10-30 1965-10-29 Verfahren zur Überwachung eines Fadenkabels
GB45817/65A GB1124307A (en) 1964-10-30 1965-10-29 Measuring crimp uniformity in tow

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3726137A (en) * 1971-05-04 1973-04-10 Heberlein & Co Ag Testing texturized yarn
US3762220A (en) * 1972-01-10 1973-10-02 Don Badische Co Continuous evaluation of yarn crimp
JPS5057696A (de) * 1973-09-19 1975-05-20
US3899927A (en) * 1972-11-04 1975-08-19 Akzona Inc Method and apparatus for the measurement of crimp contraction
JPS5114090A (en) * 1974-07-24 1976-02-04 Toyo Boseki Itono shindohyokahoho
US4295252A (en) * 1979-07-12 1981-10-20 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours & Co. Method for measuring yarn shrinkage and crimp development
US4918914A (en) * 1986-12-11 1990-04-24 Rieter Scragg Limited Yarn quality monitoring method and apparatus
US5295401A (en) * 1990-04-26 1994-03-22 Siegfried Peyer Ag Textile on-line sampling inspection
US20170322027A1 (en) * 2016-05-05 2017-11-09 GM Global Technology Operations LLC System And Method For Monitoring An Angle Of A Crimp Tool That Crimps A Weather Strip Onto A Flange Of A Vehicle
CN113252225A (zh) * 2021-04-13 2021-08-13 武汉纺织大学 一种集束张力检测系统

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3637922A1 (de) * 1986-11-06 1988-05-19 Philips Patentverwaltung Anordnung zur messung der spannung von montierten antriebsriemen
DE4343157C1 (de) * 1993-12-17 1995-06-01 Hoechst Ag Verfahren zur automatischen Charakterisierung von mechanischen und/oder geometrischen Eigenschaften von Stapelfaserproben sowie dafür geeignete Vorrichtung
DE4437026C2 (de) * 1994-10-17 1998-12-03 Hoechst Trevira Gmbh & Co Kg Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum automatischen Bestücken eines Apparates zur Charakterisierung mechanischer und/oder geometrischer Eigenschaften von Stapelfaserproben

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2583078A (en) * 1948-04-13 1952-01-22 Westinghouse Electric Corp Tension responsive control system
US2790208A (en) * 1954-03-15 1957-04-30 Eastman Kodak Co Method and means for opening crimped continuous filament tow

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2583078A (en) * 1948-04-13 1952-01-22 Westinghouse Electric Corp Tension responsive control system
US2790208A (en) * 1954-03-15 1957-04-30 Eastman Kodak Co Method and means for opening crimped continuous filament tow

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3726137A (en) * 1971-05-04 1973-04-10 Heberlein & Co Ag Testing texturized yarn
US3762220A (en) * 1972-01-10 1973-10-02 Don Badische Co Continuous evaluation of yarn crimp
US3899927A (en) * 1972-11-04 1975-08-19 Akzona Inc Method and apparatus for the measurement of crimp contraction
JPS546391B2 (de) * 1973-09-19 1979-03-28
JPS5057696A (de) * 1973-09-19 1975-05-20
JPS5114090A (en) * 1974-07-24 1976-02-04 Toyo Boseki Itono shindohyokahoho
JPS543756B2 (de) * 1974-07-24 1979-02-26
US4295252A (en) * 1979-07-12 1981-10-20 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours & Co. Method for measuring yarn shrinkage and crimp development
US4918914A (en) * 1986-12-11 1990-04-24 Rieter Scragg Limited Yarn quality monitoring method and apparatus
US5295401A (en) * 1990-04-26 1994-03-22 Siegfried Peyer Ag Textile on-line sampling inspection
US20170322027A1 (en) * 2016-05-05 2017-11-09 GM Global Technology Operations LLC System And Method For Monitoring An Angle Of A Crimp Tool That Crimps A Weather Strip Onto A Flange Of A Vehicle
CN107345803A (zh) * 2016-05-05 2017-11-14 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 用于监测将挡风雨条卷边至车辆的凸缘上的卷边工具的角度的系统和方法
US10048071B2 (en) * 2016-05-05 2018-08-14 GM Global Technology Operations LLC System and method for monitoring an angle of a crimp tool that crimps a weather strip onto a flange of a vehicle
CN107345803B (zh) * 2016-05-05 2020-01-10 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 用于监测将挡风雨条卷边至车辆的凸缘上的卷边工具的角度的系统和方法
CN113252225A (zh) * 2021-04-13 2021-08-13 武汉纺织大学 一种集束张力检测系统

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Publication number Publication date
GB1124307A (en) 1968-08-21
DE1473750B2 (de) 1972-10-19
DE1473750A1 (de) 1969-04-10
DE1473750C3 (de) 1975-08-07

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