US3328226A - Coated fabrics - Google Patents

Coated fabrics Download PDF

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Publication number
US3328226A
US3328226A US24025062A US3328226A US 3328226 A US3328226 A US 3328226A US 24025062 A US24025062 A US 24025062A US 3328226 A US3328226 A US 3328226A
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Prior art keywords
yarn
fabric
approximately
curve
tenacity
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Fred E Wiley
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De Bell and Richardson Inc
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De Bell and Richardson Inc
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Priority to DENDAT1250403D priority Critical patent/DE1250403B/de
Priority to GB2983456A priority patent/GB848811A/en
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Priority to US24025062 priority patent/US3328226A/en
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/58—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products
    • D01F6/62—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products from polyesters
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/227—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of hydrocarbons, or reaction products thereof, e.g. afterhalogenated or sulfochlorinated
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/0002—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate
    • D06N3/0015—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate using fibres of specified chemical or physical nature, e.g. natural silk
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/0002—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate
    • D06N3/0015—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate using fibres of specified chemical or physical nature, e.g. natural silk
    • D06N3/0025—Rubber threads; Elastomeric fibres; Stretchable, bulked or crimped fibres; Retractable, crimpable fibres; Shrinking or stretching of fibres during manufacture; Obliquely threaded fabrics
    • D06N3/0029—Stretchable fibres; Stretching of fibres during manufacture
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/0002—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate
    • D06N3/0015—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate using fibres of specified chemical or physical nature, e.g. natural silk
    • D06N3/0025—Rubber threads; Elastomeric fibres; Stretchable, bulked or crimped fibres; Retractable, crimpable fibres; Shrinking or stretching of fibres during manufacture; Obliquely threaded fabrics
    • D06N3/0031—Retractable fibres; Shrinking of fibres during manufacture
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/04—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06N3/045—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds with polyolefin or polystyrene (co-)polymers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/04—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06N3/10—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds with styrene-butadiene copolymerisation products or other synthetic rubbers or elastomers except polyurethanes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N2209/00—Properties of the materials
    • D06N2209/12—Permeability or impermeability properties
    • D06N2209/121—Permeability to gases, adsorption
    • D06N2209/125—Non-permeable
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N2209/00—Properties of the materials
    • D06N2209/16—Properties of the materials having other properties
    • D06N2209/1692—Weather resistance
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
    • Y10T442/2041—Two or more non-extruded coatings or impregnations
    • Y10T442/2049—Each major face of the fabric has at least one coating or impregnation
    • Y10T442/2057—At least two coatings or impregnations of different chemical composition
    • Y10T442/2066—Different coatings or impregnations on opposite faces of the fabric
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
    • Y10T442/2041—Two or more non-extruded coatings or impregnations
    • Y10T442/2049—Each major face of the fabric has at least one coating or impregnation
    • Y10T442/2057—At least two coatings or impregnations of different chemical composition
    • Y10T442/2074—At least one coating or impregnation contains particulate material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
    • Y10T442/259—Coating or impregnation provides protection from radiation [e.g., U.V., visible light, I.R., micscheme-change-itemave, high energy particle, etc.] or heat retention thru radiation absorption
    • Y10T442/2607—Radiation absorptive

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an improved fabric.
  • lt is an object of the invention to provide a lightweight, high strength, low elongation, air impervious, weather resistant, coated fabric suitable for air inated radomes, used to house automatic radio and similar equipment, and for similar purposes, and which has a high bond strength of coating to fabric and which can be fabricated by means of cemented lap joints.
  • Another object of the invention resides in the manner of weaving, sizing and coating the fabric to secure the desired inflatable properties and utilize and preserve and take advantage of the high tenacity, strength and stability characteristic of the yarn.
  • FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 show in graph form the stress-strain characteristics of yarns of the present invention compared with those of the corresponding conventional high tenacity polyethylene terephthalate yarn;
  • FIG. 4 shows in graph form the heat stability characteristics of yarns embodying the invention.
  • the fabric should be light in weight, have high strength, low elongation, be impervious to air, and weather resistant, including stability under relatively high temperatures.
  • a coated fabric is employed, and speaking generally the strength characteristics are imparted by the yarn from which the fabric is Woven while the coating imparts the air impervious and weather resistant properties.
  • the extent to which each element of the coated fabric can contribute the maximum degree of the properties for which it is used depends in substantial measure on its ability to combine or be combined with the other in a compatible relationship that will maintain its own functional eiliciency without impairing that of the other.
  • Ability of the coating to adhere or be made to adhere to the yarn of the fabric is an essential factor in the satisfactory performance of the fabric, as well as a capacity for construction into fabricated forms, such as radomes and other structures, by means of cemented lap joints.
  • the yarn-fabric-coating combination of the present invention makes possible the fabrication of radomes, for example, of less than half the weight of prior constructions with no sacrifice in strength. Taking as the unit of strength the breaking load in pounds for a one inch wide 3,328,225 Patented June 27, 1967 ice strip of the fabric divided by the weight in ounces of a square yard of the fabric, the fabric of the present invention, when coated, has a unit strength substantially greater than those heretofore available for the purpose.
  • Polyethylene terephthalate yarns are commercially available, the various yarns sold by E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company under its trademark Dacron being examples. Filaments of this material as it is initially produced have a low tenacity and high elongation and, as is done with other synthetic fibres, such as rayon, the tenacity of polyethylene terephthalate yarns have been increased by hot or cold stretching, or both. Such stretching reduces the denier of the yarn. These synthetic yarns have a marked tendency to recover after stretching and in an effort to render the stretching more permanent it has been customary to heat set the stretched yarn, that is hold it in its stretched condition at or above the stretching temperature for a short period, less than a minute.
  • a factor contributing to the improved physical characteristics, particularly the improved heat stability, is believed to be a substantially vpermanent change in the crystalline strueture of the material it appearing that once the filament is stretched to a point of ultimate orientation the corresponding crystallization locks this orientation in place.
  • the stretch under the conditions above mentioned appears to be the minimum at which this phenomena occurs, taking into consideration the variables in yarn manufacture, the hot stretch of a yarn such as Daeron 5100 preferably is carried to and for yarns of initially lower tenacity such as Daeron 5500 the percentage of stretch should, as later pointed out, -be further increased.
  • the stretch, whether at or above the 15% should be that which effects a substantial ultimate molecular orientation simultaneously with substantially the ultimate crystallization.
  • FIG. l A comparison of such commercial yarn (Zero Twist 50 Filament Daeron 5100) with the same yarn processed in accordance with, and producing the yarn of, the present invention is shown in FIG. l.
  • curve A represents the Stress-Strain curve of a sample of freshly produced Zero Twist 50 Filament Daeron 5100 yarn (160 denier) as freshly received from the manufacturer.
  • Curve B represents the Stress-Strain curve of a sample of the same yarn after it had tbeen subjected to heat shrinkage at 248 F. for a period of one hour at no load.
  • Curve A shows a tenacity of approximately 6.6 grams per denier and a percentage elongation at the break of approximately 8.4%.
  • Curve B shows a tenacity of approximately 6.2 ,grams per denier and a percentage elongation at the lbreak of approximately 20.5%.
  • Curve C represents the Stress-Strain curve of a sample of the same yarn as that of curve A ⁇ but to which, for reasons later given, two turns per inch of Z twist had been imparted, and which had been hot stretched 18% at a temperature of approximately 400 F., but without heat setting, reducing its denier to 140.
  • Curve D represents the Stress-Strain curve of a sample of the yarn of curve C which had been subjected to heat shrinkage at 248 F. for a period of one hour at no load. The denier as a result of the shrinkage had increased to 147.
  • Curve C shows a tenacity of approximately 8.96 grams per denier and a percentage elongation at the break of i approximately 7.0%.
  • Curve D shows a tenacity of approximately 8.3 grams per denier and a percentage elongation at the break of approximately 11.0%.
  • Curve E represents the Stress- Strain curve of a sample of freshly produced Zero Twist 50 Filament Daeron 5100 yarn 220 denier.
  • Curve F represents the Stress-Strain curve of a sample of the same yarn after it had been subjected to heat shrinkage at 248 F. for a periodof one hour at no load.
  • Curve E shows a tenacity of approximately 6.6 grams per denier and percentage elongation at the break of approximately 9.4%.
  • Curve F shows a tenacity of approximately 5.7 grams per denier and percentage elongation at the break of approximately 20.0%.
  • Curve G represents the Stress Strain curve of a sample of 50 filament Daeron 5100 yarn, 220 denier, to which two turns of Z twist had been imparted and which had been hot stretched 20% at a temperature of approximately 400 F. but without heat setting, reducing the denier to approximately 189.
  • Curve H represents the Stress-Strain curve of a sample of the yarn of curve G which had been subjected to heat shrinkage at 248 F. for a period of one hour at no load. The denier as a result of the shrinkage had increased to approximately 200.
  • Curve G shows a tenacity of approximately 8.3 grams per denier and a percentage elongation at the break of approximately 8.0%.
  • Curve H shows a tenacity of approximately 7.9 grams per denier and a percentage elongation at the break of approximately 12.2.
  • Curve K represents the Stress- Strain curve of a sample of Zero Twist 50 Filament Daeron 5500 yarn 250 denier.
  • Curve L represents the Stress-Strain curve of a sample of the same yarn after it had been subjected to heat shrinkage at 248 F. for a period of one hour at no load.
  • Curve K shows a tenacity of approximately 4.59 grams per denier and a percentage elongation at the break of approximately 14%.
  • Curve L shows a tenacity of approximately 4.13 and a percentage elongation at the break of approximately 27.6%.
  • Curve M represents the Stress-Strain curve yof the same yarn as that of Curve K but which had been hot stretched 50% at a temperature of approximately 400 F., but without heat setting, reducing its denier to approximately 167.
  • Curve N represents the Stress-Strain curve of a Sample of the yarn of Curve M which had been subjected to heat shrinkage at 248 F. for a period of one hour at no load. The denier as a result of the shrinkage had increased to approximately 174.
  • Curve M shows a tenacity of approximately 8.43 grams per denier and a percentage elongation at the break of approximately 7%.
  • Curve N shows a tenacity of approximately 8.1 grams per denier and a percentage elongation at the break of approximately 11%.
  • the stretching of the yarn may be carried out using conventional stretching apparatus.
  • the hot stretching In commercial practice the hot stretching must be carried out with the yarn moving at relatively high speed for reasons of economical manufacture and to conform the hot stretching step to the speeds at which prior or subsequent conventional operations on the yarn are conventionally carried on, such as twisting, spooling, beaming and the like. It is extremely diicult, if not impossible to directly measure the precise temperature of the resin during the transient heating in a given hot stretching operation. Because of the variables in the heat losses which take place between the heat source and the stretching yarn, the source temperature does not permit a precise calculation of the temperature of the yarn itself but in a given stretching arrangement, the desired yarn temperature in terms of results is easily achieved .by adjusting the source temperature. In the hot stretching of the yarns of FIGS.
  • the stretching was 4carried out as the yarn passed over a hot plate and the approximate temperature for the yarn of 400 F. given for the yarn during stretching was arrived at by calculations from the temperature of the plate and the theoretical heat losses.
  • the stretching temperature should be as close to the melting point of the resin as good manufacturing practice and procedure permits, giving due consideration to product iniformity.
  • Advantageous and useful results for many purposes, however, are lobtained with stretching temperatures as low as approximately 325 F.
  • the heat stability -of yarns embodying the invention is indicated in the graph of FIG. 4, where the shrinkage vs. time temperature of yarn such as G of FIG. 2 is shown.
  • the yarn is heat stable and capable of withstanding elastomer curing temperatures without objectionable additional shrinkage over an extended curing period.
  • the initial shrinkage can be minimized in a given coating operation by curing at the lower permissible curing temperatures with a longer curing time.
  • the polyethylene terephthalate ultra hot stretched yarn of the invention was found diflicult to Weave, due to excessive friction of the shuttle on the warp yarns, and the Weaving operation was attended with a tendency for filament separation and breakage. It was found that the weaveability of the yarn was substantially improved by imparting a few turns, preferably two turns, of Z twist per inch to the yarn prior to its hot stretching, sizing the yarn before weaving with a polyvinyl type size, such as that available from American Analine & Extract Company under the designation 130, and employing monoglyceride antistatic oil as yarn lubricant.
  • Lightweight fabrics having the desired strength characteristics may be satisfactorily plain woven from this ultra hot-stretched yarn, however, a 2 X 2 basket weave, two picks in the shed, is preferable since it gives a more iiexible fabric and one which more efficiently realizes the advantageous characteristics of the yarn.
  • Pigmented chlorosulfonated polyethylene has excellent weather resistance, superior resistance to ozone and chemical attack, as well as having excellent color stability. In these respects it far surpasses any of the commercially available coating materials such as neoprene or vinyl chloride heretofore used in constructing radome fabrics. Chlorosulfonated polyethylene, however, because of the incompatability of its Stress-Strain characteristics with those of the previously available fabric structures as Well as its lack of adhesive qualities with respect to fabrics formed from synthetic fibres has not been generally usable for the purpose.
  • Actinic energy of ultra-violet light has a deleterious effect on practically all transparent polymers.
  • Polyethylene terephthalate is one of the more resistant and chlorosulfonated polyethylene has the property of readily accepting stable inorganic ultra-violet blocking pigments to the extent that excellent resistance to ultra-violet peneration is obtained by coating these fibres to the order of 2 mils.
  • the absorption and screening effect of an extremely thin coating of the pregnated chlorosulfonated polyethylene has been found adequate to protect the Ipolyethylene terephthalate from the ultra-violet light in the suns spectrum.
  • the yarn may be shrunk at 250 F. prior to Weaving, but preferably, the yarns are Woven into rthe desired fabric construction prior to shrinkage, the woven fabric being passed through a conventional tenter oven of a temperature of 250 F. to impart the desired shrinkage.
  • This has the advantage of a more uniform smoother fabric which is more easily handled in the subsequent coating operations.
  • the shrinkage in this case is taken up under the tension imposed by the tenter, the fabric being shrunk initially slack in the tenter and the loss in tenacity is no greater than that resulting from the preshrinking of the yarn before weaving as previously described and indicated in the graphs in the drawing.
  • the fabric after shrinkage at 250 F. as previously described is run through a 4% solution of methylene diisocyanate, passing over a bar to remove excess of the solution after which the fabric is festooned to dry the coating.
  • the fabric is coated on both sides with the chlorosulfonated polyethylene.
  • a suitable chlorosulfonated polyethylene is that commercially available from El. du Pont de Nemours & Co. under the trade name Hypalon
  • the coating is prepared in two parts, A comprising the resin and B comprising the curing system for the resin together with the pigments and other additives.
  • Three representative coating formulas are as follows, parts by weight:
  • Part A may be prepared in a churn by stirring for 4 hours.
  • Part B may be ball milled 18 hours.
  • the Parts A and B should be combined by stirring shortly before use in the following proportions by weight:
  • the coating may be applied in successive applications with a conventional knife coater to a total Weight of approximately 3 oz. per sq. yd. on one side and approximately 1 oz. per sq. yd. on the other, the fabric being air dried between passes and interlined with a plain nylon or other suitable web between the coating operations.
  • the coated fabric is wound on a drum with a Teon impregnated woven glass or other non-adherent interliner and cured in an oven at 250 F. for 1 hour.
  • it can be cured continuously in a conventional roto-cure machine.
  • Coated fabrics of the described construction have withstood 500 hours of accelerated weathering without loss of strength.
  • the Parts A and B are mixed shortly before use.
  • the so-prepared cement is applied to the parts or edges to be joined and permitted to dry for 10 to 15 minutes.
  • the cemented portions may then be superposed and the joint cured under pressure at a temperature of 250 F. for a period of two hours.
  • the applied cement may be allowed to dry, the joints sealed under momentary pressure, as by a hot iron or roller, and the fabricated structure placed in an oven at curing temperature to cure the joints.
  • the material may be butt jointed with overlying strips of the fabric at either side and cured in the same manner.
  • the overlapped or abutting edges are preferably serrated with V cuts, the resulting triangular projections, in the case of butted joints, being intertted in .abutting relation. This arrangement in either case minimizes concentration of stress at the fabric edges under load.
  • the construction of the present invention provides a heat stable, lightweight radome fabric making possible a radome of less than half the weight without sacrifice of strength.
  • Heat stable yarn with a strength-weight ratio 50% greater than previously available polyethylene terephthalate yarns have been produced commercially using the hot-stretching techniques above disclosed.
  • the yarn 'retains a tenacity of over 8 grams per denier after heat shrinkage. In coated fabrics where a low temperature curing system is permissible or available, greater fabric strengths are possible.
  • the super hot-stretched yarn of the invention has a special utility in the radome fabric above described, it nds use in any fabric or structure where high tenaciy is of advantage and in uses where high temperatures, such as coating curing tempenatures are not involved, tenacities in excess of 9 grams per denier are made available.
  • this tenacity rep- ⁇ resents a tensile strength of approximately 163,000 pounds per square inch.
  • a material has many possible structural uses such as a reinforcing material for laminated plastics.
  • a polyethylene terephthalate yarn of exceptionally low elongation is provided.
  • the yarn of the invention is further characterized by the absence of substantial yielding at low stress levels as indicated in curves C and E of the gure.
  • a woven and coated fabric comprising .a fabric formed of mu-ltilament polyethylene tereph-thalate yarns and provided on each side with an undercoat of methylene diisocyanate yand a curved overcoat of chlorosulfonated polyethylene.
  • a woven and coated fabric comprising a fabric formed of multilament polyethylene terephthalate yarns and provided on each side with an undercoat of methylene diisocyanate and -an overcoat of cured chlorosulfonated polyethylene, the yarn being form ⁇ stable at .a temperature inthe curing range of chlorosulfonated polyethylene.
  • a woven and coated fabric comprising a fabric formed yof multilament polyethylene terephthalate yarns and provided on each side with an undercoat of methylene diisocyanate 'and an 'overcoat of cured chlorosulfonated polyethylene, the yarn being form stable at a temperature in the curing range of chlorosulfon-ated polyethylene, and having a tenacity of at 'least 7 grams per denier, and an ultimate elongation of not over 11%.
  • a Woven and coated fabric comprising a fabric formed of multifilament polyethylene terephthalate yarns hot stretched at a temperature labove 390 F. substantially to the point of ultimate molecular orientation, -the fabric being shrunk at a temperature in the curing range of chlorosulfonated polyethylene, said fabric being provided on each side ywith yan undercoat of methylene diisocyanate and an overcoat of cured chlorosulfonated polyethylene.
  • a woven .and coated fabric comprising a fabric formed of multilament polyethylene terephthalate yarns having a tenacity of at least 7 grams per denier, an untimate elongation of not over 11% and form stable at a temperature within the curing range of chlorosulfonated polyethylene, said fabric being coated on each side with an undercoat of methylene diisocyanate and an overcoat of cured -chlorosulfonated polyethylene.
  • a Woven and coated fabric as in claim 5 the total Weight of the coatings on one side approximating 3 ounces per square yard and the Weight of the coatings on the other side approximating 1 ounce per square yard.
  • a woven and coated fabric as in claim 7 the pigmented chlorosulfonate-d polyethylene coatings being approximately 2 mils in thickness.
US24025062 1955-12-30 1962-11-27 Coated fabrics Expired - Lifetime US3328226A (en)

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DENDAT1250403D DE1250403B (de) 1955-12-30 Verfahren zur Herstellung überzogener Gewebe
GB2983456A GB848811A (en) 1955-12-30 1956-10-01 Yarns and coated fabrics
US24025062 US3328226A (en) 1955-12-30 1962-11-27 Coated fabrics

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US24025062 US3328226A (en) 1955-12-30 1962-11-27 Coated fabrics

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Cited By (14)

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US3893488A (en) * 1971-11-10 1975-07-08 Johns Manville Corrosion resistant gel coating lining for composite plastic pipe
US4010306A (en) * 1975-06-02 1977-03-01 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Processes for impregnating and coating triaxial weave fabrics
US4140829A (en) * 1975-06-27 1979-02-20 Norton Company Woven heat-stretched backing members of improved dimensional stability
US4224970A (en) * 1978-10-18 1980-09-30 Super Sack Manufacturing Corporation Collapsible receptacle for flowable materials
US4340379A (en) * 1978-09-11 1982-07-20 Better Agricultural Goals Corporation Reinforced container for bulk material
US4457456A (en) * 1981-12-31 1984-07-03 Super Sack Manufacturing Company Collapsible receptacle with static electric charge elimination
US4479243A (en) * 1982-05-07 1984-10-23 Super Sack Manufacturing Corporation Collapsible receptacle with prefabricated lift loops and method of making
US5298316A (en) * 1992-10-27 1994-03-29 Worthen Industries, Inc. Coated textile for apparel
US5951799A (en) * 1995-06-07 1999-09-14 Super Sack Manufacturing Corp. Anti-microbial shoe lining and sock liner and process for manufacture of same
US6585843B2 (en) 1992-01-10 2003-07-01 Super Sack Mfg. Corp. Anti-static, anti-corrosion, and/or anti-microbial films, fabrics, and articles
US6592702B2 (en) 1992-01-10 2003-07-15 Super Sack Mfg. Corp. Anti-static, anti-corrosion, and/or anti-microbial films, fabrics, and articles
US20140272372A1 (en) * 2011-10-06 2014-09-18 Agency For Science, Technology And Research Layered silicate/polymer composite and a method of forming the same
US10494743B2 (en) 2015-04-08 2019-12-03 Columbia Insurance Company Yarn texturizing apparatus and method
US20220290338A1 (en) * 2021-03-02 2022-09-15 Sanko Tekstil Isletmeleri San. Ve Tic. A.S. Protective woven fabric

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BE623288A (xx) * 1961-10-06 1900-01-01
TWI744108B (zh) * 2020-11-24 2021-10-21 勤倫有限公司 由膜材切割製成並細化以提昇物性之絲及其製法

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US2556885A (en) * 1946-06-27 1951-06-12 Du Pont Coated products
US2556295A (en) * 1947-07-23 1951-06-12 Du Pont Process of drawing formed structures of synthetic linear polyesters
US2723935A (en) * 1954-10-01 1955-11-15 Du Pont Sheet material
US2826526A (en) * 1948-11-10 1958-03-11 Ici Ltd Adhesives
US2854425A (en) * 1955-05-13 1958-09-30 Goodrich Co B F Composition and article composed of a polymer of ethylene and a chlorosulfonated polymer of ethylene and the method of producing them
US2919206A (en) * 1957-03-21 1959-12-29 Du Pont Coated book cover material
US2938823A (en) * 1956-11-28 1960-05-31 Gen Tire & Rubber Co Treatment of polyethylene terephthalate fibers
US3037261A (en) * 1957-08-22 1962-06-05 Gen Plastics Corp Method of making foundations for toupees
US3060549A (en) * 1958-12-03 1962-10-30 Stevens & Co Inc J P Method of producing multi-colored glass fiber fabrics

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US2556885A (en) * 1946-06-27 1951-06-12 Du Pont Coated products
US2556295A (en) * 1947-07-23 1951-06-12 Du Pont Process of drawing formed structures of synthetic linear polyesters
US2826526A (en) * 1948-11-10 1958-03-11 Ici Ltd Adhesives
US2723935A (en) * 1954-10-01 1955-11-15 Du Pont Sheet material
US2854425A (en) * 1955-05-13 1958-09-30 Goodrich Co B F Composition and article composed of a polymer of ethylene and a chlorosulfonated polymer of ethylene and the method of producing them
US2938823A (en) * 1956-11-28 1960-05-31 Gen Tire & Rubber Co Treatment of polyethylene terephthalate fibers
US2919206A (en) * 1957-03-21 1959-12-29 Du Pont Coated book cover material
US3037261A (en) * 1957-08-22 1962-06-05 Gen Plastics Corp Method of making foundations for toupees
US3060549A (en) * 1958-12-03 1962-10-30 Stevens & Co Inc J P Method of producing multi-colored glass fiber fabrics

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3893488A (en) * 1971-11-10 1975-07-08 Johns Manville Corrosion resistant gel coating lining for composite plastic pipe
US4010306A (en) * 1975-06-02 1977-03-01 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Processes for impregnating and coating triaxial weave fabrics
US4140829A (en) * 1975-06-27 1979-02-20 Norton Company Woven heat-stretched backing members of improved dimensional stability
US4340379A (en) * 1978-09-11 1982-07-20 Better Agricultural Goals Corporation Reinforced container for bulk material
US4224970A (en) * 1978-10-18 1980-09-30 Super Sack Manufacturing Corporation Collapsible receptacle for flowable materials
US4457456A (en) * 1981-12-31 1984-07-03 Super Sack Manufacturing Company Collapsible receptacle with static electric charge elimination
US4479243A (en) * 1982-05-07 1984-10-23 Super Sack Manufacturing Corporation Collapsible receptacle with prefabricated lift loops and method of making
US6592702B2 (en) 1992-01-10 2003-07-15 Super Sack Mfg. Corp. Anti-static, anti-corrosion, and/or anti-microbial films, fabrics, and articles
US6585843B2 (en) 1992-01-10 2003-07-01 Super Sack Mfg. Corp. Anti-static, anti-corrosion, and/or anti-microbial films, fabrics, and articles
US5298316A (en) * 1992-10-27 1994-03-29 Worthen Industries, Inc. Coated textile for apparel
US5951799A (en) * 1995-06-07 1999-09-14 Super Sack Manufacturing Corp. Anti-microbial shoe lining and sock liner and process for manufacture of same
US20140272372A1 (en) * 2011-10-06 2014-09-18 Agency For Science, Technology And Research Layered silicate/polymer composite and a method of forming the same
US10647860B2 (en) * 2011-10-06 2020-05-12 Agency For Science, Technology And Research Layered silicate/polymer composite and a method of forming the same
US11008473B2 (en) 2011-10-06 2021-05-18 Agency For Science, Technology And Research Layered silicate/polymer composite and a method of forming the same
US10494743B2 (en) 2015-04-08 2019-12-03 Columbia Insurance Company Yarn texturizing apparatus and method
US20220290338A1 (en) * 2021-03-02 2022-09-15 Sanko Tekstil Isletmeleri San. Ve Tic. A.S. Protective woven fabric

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Publication number Publication date
DE1250403B (de) 1967-09-21
GB848811A (en) 1960-09-21

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