US3326245A - Weaving loom shuttles - Google Patents

Description

Filed July 14, 1964 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR: HA N5 G072 MA 141. KM

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I N VENTOR. HANS 6072 AGE/VT United States Patent 3,326,245 WEAVING LOOM SHUTTLES Hans Giitz, 1035 am Langen Berg, Steinhagen, Westphalia, Germany Filed July 14, 1964, Ser. No. 382,614 (Claims priority, application Germany, July 17, 1963, G 38,207 5 Claims. (Cl. 139-196) The present invention relates to weaving looms and particularly to shuttles therefor.

In spite of improvements made in various parts of automatic looms, grave defects have been found due to the increased operational speed. These defects have not hitherto been remedied in spite of much work having been done in this connection.

The wear and tear of shuttles is comparatively great and a shuttle can usually only be used for about three months. An object of the invention is therefore to reduce the degree of wear and tear on shuttles and to discover the reasons for this wear and tear. The wear and tear of shuttles is not only a disadvantage as regards their life but also causes faults during weaving, such as broken threads for example. The adjustment of a shuttle in the shuttle guides is not quite correct since the shuttle must be slightly lifted for a throw and must also be guided somewhat towards the reed. These adjustments cannot be maintained. It is preferable to throw the shuttles accurately along the path of movement of the reed and of the batten. An exact guiding of the shuttles during a quick shooting movement is not possible since the hard impact of the lathe causes the shaft to spring upwards so that the lathe is somewhat tilted sideways by the movement of the batten. Numerous measures have already been taken in order to prevent wear and tear on parts of looms such as reeds and shuttles. Reeds have for example been produced from reed blades of special material so as to render them unbreakable. Furthermore reeds have been provided with rubber or plastics bonds in order to secure them in a flexible manner and to protect them from breakage. In order to decrease the amount of wear and tear on shuttles, shuttles of the most varied plastics materials have been used. Shuttles have also been manufactured from harder materials inorder to reduce the amount of wear and tear on the reed side.

All these measures have had little or no success since the wear and tear was not only not avoidable but even partially increased. When the reeds are made of very strong steel they do not break so easily, but the blades are correspondingly bent at certain locations in accordance with the travel of the shuttle so that faulty goods again result. While shuttles of plastics material are harder and harder rear guards of wooden shuttles prove to possess somewhat greater stability, they are more often the cause of bent or broken reed blades.

A particular disadvantage occurring in conventional looms consists in the fact that chatter marks are often produced on the rear shuttle guards. These chatter marks show the limit of the loom speed.

A series of reasons has been given to explain the formation of chatter marks on looms. The formation of chatter marks on looms is connected with the speed of rotation and the shedding of the loom. In a slow running loom there is no formation or only a very rare formation of chatter marks. In an early shoot there is a more intensive formation of chatter marks than in a later shoot, the shed opening here being of great importance. Since various factors play their part in the formation of chatter marks, it is not possible to state accurately the exact speed of rotation or width of the weave at which this occurs. The fact has however been recognized that chatter marks are caused by a faulty shuttle throw.

In spite of accurate guiding of the picking stick, the shuttle box front and the guide rod, the shuttle is deflected by its conically tapering form when it meets with or touches the first warp of the still small shed. This causes its tip to hit against the reed and the conical shape then again causes it to be deflected in the other direction so that it does not run directly along the reed but is spaced therefrom by a distance equal to the amount of deviation of the shuttle caused by the first impact or as great a distance as the shed allows. As the batten advances the shuttle is again caught by the reed shortly before it leaves the shed. This repeated impact against the reed causes damage both to the shuttle and the reed, chatter marks are produced on the rear guard of the loom and thread marks on the surface.

On high speed looms, the shuttle is always thrown earlier, the shed must be held higher and the travel of the batten must be extended. This could be rendered easier by enlarging the shed but as the batten or sley is still fairly forward this enlargement has no effect. Moreover a large shed has the disadvantage that the shuttle is deflected very far from the reed.

A projecting reed blade cannot cause the formation of chatter marks on the shuttle since a reed blade would break upon striking the shuttle.

The shuttle is thrown into the shed tip and thread marks are caused by the fact that the threads are not held rigid but are caught and cut ino the wood. Threads only make marks of their own thickness while the reed blades produce broader cuts in the form of chatter marks of 2 to 8 mm. Thread marks mainly occur on the front of the shuttle because this moves into the shed tip with greater force.

The wear and tear shown as chatter marks and thread marks on a shuttle affect the speed of the shuttle to such an extent that it enters the shuttle casing very irregularly, sometimes earlier and sometimes later. This irregular travel makes necessary a stronger adjustment of the throw with its consequent disadvantages. The wear and tear means that the shuttles must be replaced more often and this results in unnecessary additional work and a lower production rate.

In order to increase mill efliciency it is thus desirable to prevent wear and tear on the shuttles. This will result in improved running of the loom and in fewer repairs to the loom and shuttle and fewer cases of breaking of the thread and weft.

If a conventional shuttle is shot at great speed into an only slightly opened shed, it hits against the threads which meet at an acute angle. The threads are tensioned and the shuttle is deflected from the tip of the shed on to the reed so that the shuttle with its conical tapered end is thrown along thereed and is further deflected. According to the size of the shed the course of the shuttle is kept at only a few millimetres from the reed by means of the shed. Before the shuttle leaves the shed it is gripped by the running batten or sley and by the shed which is again closing and is pressed against the reed. Different types of impact are caused in this manner but usually the shuttle makes impact with its tip and then rebounds so that it moves unevenly forward until it is steadied by the shed which is again becoming smaller. As the shuttle strikes the reed, chatter marks of different width are produced on the shuttle independently of how the shuttle strikes against the reed. When the shuttle hits against the reed it is thrown into the shed tip so that thread marks are produced on the upper portion of the shuttle guard.

I believe that the essential difficulties encountered in the throwing and return of the shuttle as also in the guiding of the shuttle result from the fact that the shuttle is conically tapered and pointed at both ends so that the 3 same surfaces and shapes which serve to guide the shuttle are also used for the throw of the shuttle in the two directions. I have therefore constructed a shuttle in which the surfaces or shapes for the two-directional shuttle throw are completely distinct from the surfaces and shapes for the guiding of the shuttle and both different surfaces and shapes are constructed so as to be best suited to their task.

According to the invention a shuttle for looms is characterised in that the back of the shuttle is extended in a straight line on either side and is provided at its ends with sloping surfaces for shuttle guiding and in that the ends of the body of the shuttle are set back from the extended ends of the body and are provided with slopes serving for the division of the respective sets of warp threads in the shed and preferably with rounded heads for the two-directional shuttle throw. The extension of the back of the shuttle in both directions results in a considerable increase in the amount of guide surface, in particular for the position in which it rests against the reed, and rocking movements of the shuttle as it travels through the shed are thus partially if not completely obviated. The sloping surfaces which are substantially pointed and tapering at bot-h ends of the extended rear wall contribute to an easy run of the shuttle through the shed. The surfaces on the ball-shaped heads on both ends of the body of the shuttle for the two-directional shuttle throw, which are completely distinct from the aforementioned guide surfaces, result in substantially improved cooperation of the batten and the picking stick since the latter is able to roll off the rounded surface during both directions of movement of the shuttle and a considerably larger surface comes to rest. A boring of the tip of the picking stick with consequent rapid destruction of said stick is completely avoided and the raising of the shuttle by impact and the shooting thereof into the shed in an undesired direction due to the positive insertion of the tip in shuttles in the recess of the picker as hitherto known is avoided.

In accordance with the invention, the rear wall of the shuttle is provided with a continuous recess or recesses or the like arranged at each end of the shuttle to receive the extension.

A shuttle according to the invention is further characterised in that the rear wall of the shuttle is constructed of tough material such as plastics material, buffalo hide, woven synthetic resin or similar material.

The extension of the shuttle may be in one piece in the form of a continuous slider or in the form of separate inser-table extension pieces.

The extension or extension pieces are secured against displacement in the recesses of the shuttle by means of screws or the like.

The extension arranged on the rear wall of the shuttle may also be provided with an underlayer of rubber, plastic or the like serving as a cushion.

The extension of the shuttle consists of tough material such as buffalo hide, plastics material or the like, for example of a loop of wire or similar material covered wih-t plastics material or the like.

The front of the shuttle which is constructed with a rounded head consists of steel or like material and may be covered with a tough material on the running surface.

In order that the invention may be more clearly understood, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings which show some embodiments thereof by way of example and in which:

FIGURE 1 diagrammatically shows the bottom of a conventional shuttle with the usual formation of chatter marks,

FIGURE 2 shows a side view of FIGURE 1,

FIGURE 3 is the same view as in FIGURE 1 but the chatter marks are on one side only,

FIGURE 4 is a diagrammatic plan view of a conventional shuttle showing chatter marks formed on the top,

FIGURE 5 is a diagrammatic side view of a shuttle 4 according to the invention, wherein extension pieces are provided at both ends,

FIGURE 6 is a plan view of a shuttle according to FIGUREfS,

FIGURE 7 is another embodiment of a shuttle in which the extension parts are curvilinear and arranged at both ends of the shuttle,

FIGURE 8 is a plan view of a shuttle according to FIGURE 7,

FIGURE 9 is a side view of another embodiment of shuttle according to the invention, in which the back is constructed as one piece and is of buffalo hide,

FIGURE 10 is a plan View of a shuttle according to FIGURE 9,

FIGURE 11 is a further embodiment of a shuttle according to the invention in which the front surface and the extension are constructed as one piece,

FIGURE 12 is 'a plan view of FIGURE 11, and

FIGURE 13 is a portion of a sloping shuttle adapted to the shed.

The shuttles shown in FIGURES 1 to 4 are of a known type in which there is formation of chatter marks to a greater or lesser extent. The shuttle 1 has a front and rear tip 1" and a shuttle back 1', on which chatter marks are shown at 2. According to FIGURE 1 the chatter marks 2 extend over the whole width of the shuttle back 1. As may be seen from FIGURE 2 the chatter marks 2 in the shuttle back 1' have reached a depth of up to 1,500/u. In FIGURE 3 the formation of chatter marks 2 on the rear surface of shuttle 1 is to one side while in FIGURE 4 there is also formation of chatter marks 2 on the front of the shuttle 1.

FIGURES 5 and 6 show a shuttle according to the invention, the shuttle back 1' being provided at the front and at the rear with recesses 1". In said recesses 1' extension portions are arranged on either side and are connected with the actual shuttle 1 by means of screws 4 or the like. The extensions 3 may be of buffalo hide or plastics material or the like. In the shuttles according to the invention here shown the tips 1" of the shuttle 1 have been replaced by specially constructed rounded heads 5. These rounded heads 5 are set back with respect to the tips of the extended rear wall.

According to FIGURES 7 and 8 curvilinear extensions 6 are arranged on both sides of the shuttle instead of the straight extension portions 3, said curvilinear extensions being covered with a plastics covering at 6'. The extensions 6 are secured in a manner similar to that of the shuttles according to FIGURES 5 and 6.

According to FIGURES 9 and 10, the rear shuttle wall 1 is constructed as one piece and is composed, for example, of buffalo hide. The shuttle back 1 is also connected to the actual shuttle 1 by means of screws or the like. The shuttle back 1' is so constructed as also to replace the extensions 3 and 6 arranged on either side according to FIGURES 5 and 8, i.e. the shuttle back 1 is constructed in one piece and terminates at both ends in extensions 1". According to FIGURES 11 and 12 an extension 7 with integral head end is provided in place of the rounded head 5 and the extension 3, the integral head of said extension 7 having a wedge-shaped leading end. This wedgeshaped leading end is extremely effective for dividing the threads. This construction also improves the guiding of the shuttle. The extension 7 with the Wedge-shaped leading head end forms a constructional unit which is of tough material such as buffalo hide, non-wearing plastics material, or woven synthetic resin.

As shown in FIGS. 5, 6, 9 and 10 each of the extensions of each pair of extensions 3 and 1", respectively, has a semi-elliptical leading edge and a thickness, measured from the rear wall, which is substantially less than the radius of the adjacent ball-shaped conical end.

The invention also makes possible the extension of a shuttle on both sides by approximately 50 mm. on each side. The end may then be made very thin, i.e. the shuttle 1 and rounded head 5 are flattened at one side (see FIG- URE 13).

Furthermore the extension 6 may be so arranged that the middle line is displaced and a side cushioning effected. This cushioning effect may be increased by an additional cushion of rubber or the like.

A shuttle according to the invention has the following advantages:

The extension of the back of the shuttle means that when the shuttle tip strikes the warp there is no twisting of the shuttle since the position of the shuttle against the reed is ensured and there is no possibility of the shuttles twisting as is the case with tapering or conically-shaped shuttles. The travel of the shuttle through the shed is thus no longer irregular and bucking but straight and smooth. This smooth travel considerably decreases wear and tear on the shuttle and may even exclude it entirely. The life of the shuttle is thus considerably increased, the cost of new shuttles is saved and more important still, the time spent on maintenance of the loom is reduced to a minimum.

The fact that the wear and tear on the side walls of the shuttle is so slight means that subsequent location of the holding devices is no longer necessary. Since a rounded surface is substituted for the pointed tip of the shuttle the guiding of said shuttles is improved. A raising or lateral pressure on the shuttle due to guiding by the picking stick no longer occurs since the new type of leading end no longer causes the shuttle to be pressed upwards or downwards but the shuttle is guided in a straight line.

Since a pointed tip is no longer provided the picking stick is not subject to wear and tear because it is not pushed upwards by the tip. The securing of the picking stick to the batten can no longer be loosened since it is no longer possible for a faulty guiding by the picking stick and friction thereof to be transmitted to the shuttle. During the two-directional shuttle throw a similar large surface is always available on the shuttle and this is of great importance for the smooth running of the loom since the state of the shuttle is always the same. The shuttle is no longer able to brake or burn in the shuttle guideway and no faulty throws result.

When the extended removable rubber insertion is in place there is no vibration when the shuttle makes impact with the shuttle box swell. The force of impact is uniform and regular because the condition of the shuttle is not altered due to the large leading end thereon. The shuttle does not rebound when new picking sticks are fitted since the surface of application is larger and it rolls off the rounded head.

The speed of rotation and the efliciency of the loom may be considerably increased since there are considerably fewer disturbances and smooth working is ensured. The omission of the shuttle tip for collecting and guiding means that there is no over-heating and the tip can no longer be loosened. Wear and tear on the materials coming into contact is considerably reduced and the loom thus has a uniform stroke and runs smoothly.

I claim:

1. In a two-directionally thrown loom shuttle for a high speed weaving loom, the improvement for reducing wear and tear of said shuttle which comprises (a) providing a loom shuttle having a pair of conical ends with an essentially ball-shaped head at each conical end for improved cooperation of the batten and the picking stick of a weaving loom with said shuttle during throwing of the shuttle and (b) extending the rear Wall of the shuttle by a pair of slider extension means which form in combination with said rear wall an elongated continuous slider surface extending at each end of the shuttle a substantial distance beyond the head of each conical end, each of said pair of extensions having a semi-elliptical leading end and having a thickness, measured from the rear wall, which is substantially less than the radius of the adjacent ball-shaped conical end.

2. A two-directionally thrown loom shuttle for a high speed weaving loom, said shuttle comprising a pair of conical ends and having a fiat rear guiding wall, said shuttle being improved for reducing wear and tear of said shuttle by additionally comprising (a) a pair of ball-shaped heads, one at each end of said pair of conical ends, for improved cooperation of the batten and picking stick of a weaving loom with the shuttle during the throwing of the shuttle and (b) a pair of slider extension means which form in combination with said rear wall an elongated continuous slider surface extending at each end of the shuttle a substantial distance beyond the head of each conical end, each of said pair of extensions having a semi-elliptical leading end and having a thickness, measured from the rear wall, which is substantially less than the radius of the adjacent ballshaped conical end.

3. The shuttle according to claim 2 wherein the rear wall of the shuttle is provided with at least one recess at each end of the shuttle for receiving and retaining a slider extension means in the form of a pair of separately insertable and attachable extension means and wherein each of said extension means is attached in a corresponding adjacent recess to the shuttle by fastener means.

4. The shuttle according to claim 2 wherein the pair of elongated extension means and the rear wall of the shuttle are constructed in one piece in the form of a continuous slider wall.

5. The shuttle according to claim 2 wherein the pair of elongated extension means are separately attachable and detachable extension means and said pair of ball-shaped headed conical ends are separately attachable and detachable ends.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 372,239 10/1887 Root 139-196 574,112 12/1896 Railton 139-196 1,527,779 2/1925 Boiltel 139125 1,730,931 10/ 1929 Giehler 139-197 1,805,090 5/1931 Hills 139196 1,861,593 6/1932 Christoph 139196 2,352,366 6/1944 Brown 139196 2,423,917 7/1947 Wilson 139196 3,144,884 8/1964 Svaty 139--125 FOREIGN PATENTS 195,143 12/1919 Canada.

500,888 6/1930 Germany.

701,364 1/ 1941 Germany.

160,444 6/ 1921 Great Britain.

484,335 5/ 1938 Great Britain.

659,173 10/ 1951 Great Britain.

767,030 6/ 1954 Great Britain.

260,686 10/1928 Italy.

246,650 10/ 1947 Switzerland.

ROBERT R. MACKEY, Acting Primary Examiner.

DONALD W. PARKER, MERVIN STEIN, J. KEE CHI,

Assistant Examiners.

Claims (1)

1. IN A TWO-DIRECTIONALLY THROWN LOOM SHUTTLE FOR A HIGH SPEED WEAVING LOOM, THE IMPROVEMENT FOR REDUCING WEAR AND TEAR OF SAID SHUTTLE WHICH COMPRISES (A) PROVIDING A LOOM SHUTTLE HAVING A PAIR OF CONICAL ENDS WITH AN ESSENTIALLY BALL-SHAPED HEAD AT EACH CONICAL END FOR IMPROVED COOPERATION OF THE BATTEN AND THE PICKING STICK OF A WEAVING LOOM WITH SAID SHUTTLE DURING THROWING OF THE SHUTTLE AND (B) EXTENDING THE REAR WALL OF THE SHUTTLE BY A PAIR OF SLIDER EXTENSION MEANS WHICH FORM IN COMBINATION WITH SAID REAR WALL AN ELONGATED CONTINUOUS SLIDER SURFACE EXTENDING AT EACH END OF THE SHUTTLE A SUBSTANTIAL DISTANCE BEYOND THE HEAD OF EACH CONICAL END, EACH OF SAID PAIR OF EXTENSIONS HAVING A SEMI-ELLIPTICAL LEADING END AND HAVING A THICKNESS, MEASURED FROM THE REAR WALL, WHICH IS SUBSTANTIALLY LESS THAN THE RADIUS OF THE ADJACENT BALL-SHAPED CONICAL END.

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