US3319440A - Knitted fabric - Google Patents

Knitted fabric Download PDF

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Publication number
US3319440A
US3319440A US347735A US34773564A US3319440A US 3319440 A US3319440 A US 3319440A US 347735 A US347735 A US 347735A US 34773564 A US34773564 A US 34773564A US 3319440 A US3319440 A US 3319440A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
yarn
needles
stitches
fabric
wales
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US347735A
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English (en)
Inventor
Nebel Max Bruno
Nebel Erhard Max
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hanes Hosiery Mills Co
Original Assignee
Hanes Hosiery Mills Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Hanes Hosiery Mills Co filed Critical Hanes Hosiery Mills Co
Priority to US627350A priority Critical patent/US3430462A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3319440A publication Critical patent/US3319440A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B9/00—Circular knitting machines with independently-movable needles
    • D04B9/42—Circular knitting machines with independently-movable needles specially adapted for producing goods of particular configuration
    • D04B9/46—Circular knitting machines with independently-movable needles specially adapted for producing goods of particular configuration stockings, or portions thereof
    • D04B9/48—Circular knitting machines with independently-movable needles specially adapted for producing goods of particular configuration stockings, or portions thereof non-run stockings
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B1/00—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
    • D04B1/06—Non-run fabrics or articles
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B15/00—Details of, or auxiliary devices incorporated in, weft knitting machines, restricted to machines of this kind
    • D04B15/32—Cam systems or assemblies for operating knitting instruments
    • D04B15/34—Cam systems or assemblies for operating knitting instruments for dials
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B35/00—Details of, or auxiliary devices incorporated in, knitting machines, not otherwise provided for
    • D04B35/02—Knitting tools or instruments not provided for in group D04B15/00 or D04B27/00
    • D04B35/04—Latch needles

Definitions

  • This invention relates to run-resistant fabrics, and more particularly relates to an improved circular knit runresistant fabric for stockings, and to methods and apparatus for producing the same.
  • the primary object of this invention is to provide a new and useful run-resistant knitted fabric for hosiery, particularly ladies hosiery, having the sheerness, appearance and stretchability of plain knit fabric.
  • Another object is to provide a novel method of producing such run-resistant fabric on a conventional multi feed circular knitting machine.
  • a further object is to provide new and improved apparatus for producing such circular knit fabric on a knitting machine having two separate yarn feeds, or multiples thereof.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates diagrammatically the inside of a pre-' ferred form of the run-resistant fabric of this invention
  • FIG. 2 comprises a development of the camming for a two feed circular knitting machine for making the fabric the needles and sinkers of the machine at one of the.
  • FIG. 4 is a fragmentary schematic view in top plan showing the sinker cams and the relative positions of the sinkers of the machine.
  • the run-resistant fabric shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1 is knit of yarns a and b which alternate Wale-wise of the fabric.
  • Yarn a is formed into alternate plain stitches A and elongated loops S
  • yarn b is formed into plain stitches B alternating with floats H.
  • the yarn a is succeeded Wale-wise immediately by yarn b in the fabric, so that the plain stitches B of yarn b anchor the plain stitches A of the preceding yarn a.
  • each course of the fabric may be said to consist of the two yarns a and b.
  • the plain knit stitches A of each pair of adjacent or successive course-wise extending yarns a are staggered Wale-wise of the fabric by one wale.
  • the lowermost yarn a of FIG. 1 is formed into elongated loops S in wales 1 and int-o plain knit stitches A in wales 2
  • the next succeeding yarn a is formed into elongated loops S in wales 2 and into plain knit stitches A in wales 1.
  • the elongated loops S of each yarn a are doubled with the plain knit stitches A of the next succeeding yarn a in the fabric.
  • stitches B actually anchor the double stitches SA throughout the fabric.
  • the plain knit stitches B and floats H of each 3,319,44ii Patented May 16, 1967 yarn b are staggered Wale-wise with respect to the stitches B and floats H of the next successive or adjacent yarn b in the fabric.
  • the floats H are bound into the fabric by the elongated loops S.
  • each course-wise extending yarn of the fabric of FIG. 1 comprises a separate fabric course, then it will be seen that the pattern repeat of the fabric is two needle wales in width and four courses in length.
  • yarn a is of a longer length per fabric course than yarn b, but of smaller denier.
  • a highly run-resistant fabric of the character shown in FIG. 1, having the appearance of plain knit fabric is produced when yarn a has, per course, twice or more than twice the length of yarn b per course, and has one-half the denier of yarn b.
  • the fabric of FIG. 1, having a longer length of yarn a per course than yarn b, is highly resistant to runs even when subjected to substantial width-wise or length-wise stress. In such situation, runs are deterred when a yarn is broken, for all practical purposes in the normal use of the fabric, because withdrawal of the double stitches SA, from plain stitches B is precluded.
  • FIGS. 24 illustrate the best mode presently contemplated for carrying out this invention. While, for purposes of illustration, the herein described method and ap paratus illustrate the invention as practiced on a two-feed circular knitting machine, it is to be understood that the invention may be practiced on circular knitting machines having multiples of two yarn feeds.
  • the needles of the machine preferably are divided into two groups, designated N and N which alternate in a 1 x 1 relationship around the needle circle. Needles N are formed with the usual needle butts N, and may also have auxiliary butts N (FIG. 3). Needles N are formed with the usual butts N and, in addition, may also be formed with auxiliary butts N Referring now to FIG. 2, it will be seen that the needles, during their stitch formation action, move counterclockwise in the rotative direction R. As the needles approach the first or main yarn feed of the machine, to take yarn a, they are divided alternatively by conventional needle selection means into the two needle groups N and N with needles N raised to clear level and needles N disposed at tuck level E (FIG. 2x). More particularly, the needles N and N are selected by needle jacks T under the influence of reader cams O or O in the usual manner.
  • Needles N As needles N approach the first yarn feed, at clear level, they have stitches B of the yarn b on their shanks or stems below their latches Z. Needles N at tuck level E, have elongated yarn loops S of yarn a on their open and downwardly extending latches Z and have floats H, of the next succeeding yarn b to the said yarn a, and stitches B, of the next preceding yarn b to the said yarn a (FIG. 1), on the needle shanks below their latches Z (FIG. 2x).
  • the stitches B on needles N and the floats H on needles N are formed from the same course-wise extending yarn b in the fabric.
  • the first yarn feed is provided with two vertically spaced run-down cams C and C (FIG. 2).
  • Cams C and C are spaced from each other to provide therebetween a needle butt track corresponding in width to the width loopsS are still in the hooks of needles N they are' doubled with the newly formed stitches A to form double loops SA.
  • Needles N meanwhile, with the newly formed yarn loops S on their" open latches, are drawn down by came to a depth intermediate of tuck level E and cast off level (FIG. 2a). As a result, stitches B remain on.
  • sinker cam surfaces P and P serve as knockover cams, and aid in casting floats H and stitches B off of needles N during the formation of the new stitches A from yarn a.
  • Sinker cam surfaces P and P advance the sinkers P sufliciently far into the needle circle to position the yarn drawing; ledges P behind the sinker nebs P below the hooks of the needles N
  • all needles N and N are raised to tuck level E. Thereupon, all needles are raised to low clear level by cam C".
  • the double thread stitches SA are cleared from the latches onto the stems of needles N
  • the thread. loops S are retained on the latches Z of needles N
  • the sinkers P are retracted slightly by sinker cam P (FIGS. 2b, 4), so that the highest.
  • needles N are raised to low clear level, by needle jacks T under the influence of reader cam 0* or 0
  • the thread loops S are retained on the latches of needles N by the sinker nebs P which remain within the needle circle (FIG. 4).
  • Needles N meanwhile, remain at or slightly below tuck level E. In these respective positions, the needles N and N advance toward the cams C and C while taking yarn b at the second yarn feed.
  • Needles N take yarn b in their hooks and are drawn down by the run-down stitch cam C to form new stitches B and cast off double stitches SA.
  • Cam C is spaced sufliciently far in advance of Cam C to drawn needles N down to cast-off level before needles N reach cam C As a result, needles N cause the yarn b to be laid below the latches Z against the shanks of the needles N (FIG. 20) to form floats H.
  • cain 6 preferably is formed with a flat all) bottom of a length sufficient to retain at least three needles N at any moment, at cast-off level.
  • cam C retains needles N at cast-off level until after needles N have passed over cam C advanced to cam C and are caused to descend to tuck level E by the latter cam.
  • This downward movement of needles N ensures the proper positioning of the floats H of yarn b between the latches and shanks of the needles N After cam C has lowered needles N to tuck level E,-
  • needles N are raised to tuck level E.
  • needles N have yarn loops S on their latches and floats H and stitches B below their latches on their shanks, while needles N have new stitches B on their latches.
  • the floats H on the shanks of needles N and the new stitches B on the latches of needles N are formed from the same course-wise extending yarn b, whereas the stitches B on the shanks of needles N are formed from the immediately preceding course-wise extending yarn b' (see FIG. 1).
  • the sinkers P are positioned in respect of the needle circle so that stitches B are drawn by needles N over the yarn sinking ledges P behind the nebs P (FIGS. 20, 4). To accomplish this, sinkers P either remain in the position to which they had been advanced by cam surfaces B and P or, if they had been retracted slightly by cam P they are re-advanced under the influence of sinker spring N.
  • Sinker cam P (FIG. 4) serves as the knockover cam for the second yarn feed. It advances the sinkers P further into the needle circle to aid in casting off double stitches SA from needles N Because stitches B of yarn b are drawn over sinking ledges P of sinkers P, and stitches A of yarn a are drawn over the sinker nebs P yarn a will have a longer length per course of the fabric than yarn b. Of course, even if the two yarns were drawn over yarn sinking ledges at the same level, yarn a inherently will have a longer yarn length per course than yarn b, since the latter contains the floats H, whereas the former contains the inherently longer loops S.
  • sinkers P are employed to carry out the method of the invention.
  • the sinkers are formed with a rearwardly extending edge passing first downwardly from the top of the neb P to the sinking ledge P and thence upwardly to a point spaced from the neb, as best shown in FIG. 2a.
  • Sinking ledge P is the lowest portion of this rearwardly extending edge, and is disposed :somewhat lower than sinker throat P
  • the vertical distance between the uppermost point of sinker neb P and the yarn sinking ledge P may be selectively designed to control the relative lengths per course of the yarns a and b.
  • all needles N and N are drawn below tuck level E a small distance by cam C
  • the needles are drawn down to position their hooks proximate the sinker nebs P so that the floats H and stitches B on needles N close the latches Z, but do not cast off.
  • the sinkers P may be retracted by sinker cam P to position all yarn loops on the needles below the nebs P (see broken lines in FIG. 2d). Thereafter, all needles N and N are again raised to tuck level E while proceeding in the rotative direction R to the next yarn feed which, in the embodiment shown, is the main or first yarn feed of the machine.
  • needles N now are raised to clear level (FIG. 2x) to transfer their stitches B onto the needle shanks, while the needles N remain at tuck level E.
  • Needles N now have elongated loops S on their open latches and floats H and stitches B on their shanks below their latches.
  • the sinkers P have been retracted from the needle circle, by either of sinker cams P or P", and thereafter are re-advanced into the needle circle by cam surfaces P and P to permit yarn a to be drawn over the sinker nebs, as previously described.
  • the floats H underlie the elongated loops S and are bound thereby into the fabric (FIG. 1).
  • the yarn b may be drawn to stitches B on the usual yarn sinking ledge in front of the sinker throats P with appro priate rearrangement of the needle and sinker motions. In such case, floats H would overlie, rather than underlie, loops S in the fabric.
  • alternate sinkers only may be inserted into the needle circle at the first yarn feed, by appropriate sinker selection means, to draw yarn a over the nebs of alternate sinkers only.
  • needle selection means discussed above for selecting needles N and N modified means may be employed utilizing the auxiliary needle butts N and N
  • the needles N and N would be moved independently of each other by means of additional needle cams (not shown) arranged at different vertical levels of the machine, and acting upon the auxiliary needle butts N and N
  • additional needle cams not shown
  • the heel and toe portions may be made by reciprocatory knitting. In such case, during reciprocatory knitting, earns C and C at the first yarn feed would be reinserted to operative position to act upon the needles.
  • a run-resistant knitted fabric composed of at least two yarns, wherein (a) yarn is formed at spaced intervals course-wise of the fabric into plain stitches in selected Wales and into floats in wales intervening between said plain stitches and (b) yarn is disposed course-wise of the fabric and successive to said intervals of the first mentioned yarn and is formed into plain stitches in the intervening wales and into elongated loops in the selected wales,
  • a run resistant knitted fabric composed of at least two yarns, wherein (a) yarn is formed at spaced intervals in the fabric into plain stitches in selected wales and into elongated loops in wales intervening between said plain stitches and (b) a second yarn is formed successive to the first mentioned yarn intervals into plain stitches in the selected wales and into floats in the intervening wales,
  • a run resistant knitted fabric in which each course thereof is composed of two yarns and wherein (a) one yarn in each course is formed into plain stitches in selected wales and into floats in wales intervening between the selected wales and (b) the other yarn in each course is formed into plain stitches in the intervening wales and into elongated loops in the selected wales,
  • the second mentioned yarn is of a longer length per course than the first mentioned yarn and (b) the floats and elongated loops are staggered throughout the fabric.
  • a method of making run-resistant knitted fabric including the steps:
  • a method of making run resistant knitted fabric including the steps:
  • a run-resistant knitted fabric composed of two yarns, wherein (a) double stitches are spaced course-wise of the fabric and staggered Wale-wise in the fabric,

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Knitting Machines (AREA)
  • Knitting Of Fabric (AREA)
US347735A 1963-03-04 1964-02-27 Knitted fabric Expired - Lifetime US3319440A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US627350A US3430462A (en) 1964-02-27 1967-03-31 Method and apparatus for knitting run-resistant fabric

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEN0022840 1963-03-04

Publications (1)

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US3319440A true US3319440A (en) 1967-05-16

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US347735A Expired - Lifetime US3319440A (en) 1963-03-04 1964-02-27 Knitted fabric

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Country Link
US (1) US3319440A (xx)
AT (1) AT274199B (xx)
BE (1) BE644692A (xx)
GB (1) GB1060087A (xx)
NL (1) NL6402100A (xx)
SE (1) SE313633B (xx)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3975929A (en) * 1975-03-12 1976-08-24 Alba-Waldensian, Incorporated Thigh length anti-embolism stocking and method of knitting same
US5426957A (en) * 1993-07-05 1995-06-27 Precision Fukuhara Works, Ltd. Method of knitting a fabric having improved non-run and elasticity characteristics
US6505485B1 (en) * 2001-10-31 2003-01-14 Eiseberg Jose Mesh in the production of women's hosiery
US20210156058A1 (en) * 2018-05-25 2021-05-27 FEETNESS S.r.l. Containing fabric, garments comprising such fabric, and related production methods

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB366180A (en) * 1930-11-20 1932-02-04 Charles Eric Mason Improvements in the manufacture of knitted fabrics and in machines therefor
US2014026A (en) * 1931-07-20 1935-09-10 Nebel Max Knitted fabric
US2379649A (en) * 1936-09-14 1945-07-03 Nebel Max Knit fabric and method of making the same
GB796727A (en) * 1954-07-19 1958-06-18 Max Nebel Improvements in or relating to knitted fabrics and to a method of producing the same
DE1059141B (de) * 1952-05-13 1959-06-11 Max Nebel Maschenware sowie Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung
US3080740A (en) * 1960-03-30 1963-03-12 Nebel Max Circular knitting machine
US3131556A (en) * 1960-06-13 1964-05-05 Nebel Max Run resistant knitted fabric

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB366180A (en) * 1930-11-20 1932-02-04 Charles Eric Mason Improvements in the manufacture of knitted fabrics and in machines therefor
US2014026A (en) * 1931-07-20 1935-09-10 Nebel Max Knitted fabric
US2379649A (en) * 1936-09-14 1945-07-03 Nebel Max Knit fabric and method of making the same
DE1059141B (de) * 1952-05-13 1959-06-11 Max Nebel Maschenware sowie Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung
GB796727A (en) * 1954-07-19 1958-06-18 Max Nebel Improvements in or relating to knitted fabrics and to a method of producing the same
US3080740A (en) * 1960-03-30 1963-03-12 Nebel Max Circular knitting machine
US3131556A (en) * 1960-06-13 1964-05-05 Nebel Max Run resistant knitted fabric

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3975929A (en) * 1975-03-12 1976-08-24 Alba-Waldensian, Incorporated Thigh length anti-embolism stocking and method of knitting same
US5426957A (en) * 1993-07-05 1995-06-27 Precision Fukuhara Works, Ltd. Method of knitting a fabric having improved non-run and elasticity characteristics
US6505485B1 (en) * 2001-10-31 2003-01-14 Eiseberg Jose Mesh in the production of women's hosiery
US20210156058A1 (en) * 2018-05-25 2021-05-27 FEETNESS S.r.l. Containing fabric, garments comprising such fabric, and related production methods

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT274199B (de) 1969-09-10
NL6402100A (xx) 1964-09-07
BE644692A (xx) 1964-07-01
SE313633B (xx) 1969-08-18
GB1060087A (en) 1967-02-22

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