Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
  • C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
  • C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
  • C03B37/04—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by using centrifugal force, e.g. spinning through radial orifices; Construction of the spinner cups therefor
  • C03B37/047—Selection of materials for the spinner cups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
  • C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
  • C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
  • C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
  • C22C19/053—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 30% but less than 40%

Definitions

• the invention relates to an alloy composed primarily of nickel, but including substantial amounts of chromium, tungsten, iron, molybdenum, a metal from the group consisting of tantalum and columbium, and a controlled amount of carbon, and, in alloys which are to be cast, a controlled amount of silicon and manganese-the alloy being particularly suited for apparatus used in the production of glass fibers by a centrifugal process.
• Glass fibers can be produced by the so-called rotary or centrifugal process, such as illustrated and disclosed by Slayter Patent No. 2,609,566 and other patents.
• a rotary fiber forming process involves introducing a molten stream of glass at a temperature above its liquidus into a rotating centrifuge or spinner.
• the rotating centrifuge has peripheral orifices through which centrifugal force acting upon the rotating mass forces the molten glass to flow in small streams.
• the streams of glass are usually attenuated into fine fibers.
• the spinner or centrifuge may have a generally cylindrical peripheral wall in which the orifices or holes are provided. Economical and practical commercial production rates can be achieved only when there are several thousand of such orifices in the spinner and only when the spinner is rotated at least several thousand revolutions per minute. Such a device operates at a temperature at least as high as 2000* F.
• the alloy of the invention is particularly useful in the form of the aforementioned spinners, and is also useful generally in the glass industry for numerous high temperature service applications which require a high resistance to attack by both molten glass and air, a low creep, and a high load carrying ability at high temperatures.
• the nickel chrome alloy according to the invention consists essentially of certain balanced amounts of chromium, iron, tungsten, molybdenum, a metal from the group consisting of tantalum and columbium, and carbon, with the balance essentially nickel except for small amounts of certain other elements and minute amounts of impurities.
• the nickel chrome alloy comprises from 33 to 37 percent of chromium, 3 to 3 /2 *Unless expressly stated otherwise, all parts and percents herein and in the appended claims are expressed as parts and percents by weight.
• the alloy includes from /2 percent to 1 /2 percent of silicon, and, most desirably, the alloy includes silicon in the indicated proportion and such an amount of manganese that the molal ratio of silicon to manganese is from 3:1 to 6:1. Minute amounts of other elements, such as boron, vanadium, aluminum, titanium may enhance the properties of the alloy.
• the nickel-base alloy of the invention has a composition upon analysis falling within the broad ranges set forth in the following Table I:
• the alloy of the invention may be prepared in accordance with recognized present-day melt procedures for nickel-base alloys. Desirably, the constituents used are in a pure state to avoid unwanted constituents and to control carefully the final alloy composition. It is preferred that most constituents be added in the form of relatively pure metals, although compounds or master alloys, such as ferrochromium, ferromanganese, ferrosilicon, and the like, may be used. Preferably, the melting is accomplished in a neutral crucible under an argon atmosphere.
• the charge when in a molten state, may be protected by a slag of any known type suitable for nickel-base alloys.
• Other and additional constituents such as additional charges of chomium, manganese, silicon, tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum, and the like, requisite to arrive at the desired alloy composition, then may be added when the melt temperature is about 2700 to 2800" F.
• these elements may be added with the original charge of chromium and nickel. Heating is continued and, generally, the melt is between about 2.830 and 3000 F. when poured.
• a suitable scavenger may be added shortly before pouring to impart fluidity to the melt.
• a desired article usually is made from the nickel-base alloy of the invention by casting.
• Such articles may be spinners, centrifuge buckets, bushing support frames, or
• the alloy, as cast, can be welded and machined.
• Example I A specific example of the alloy of the invention was prepared by the method described above. This alloy, by analysis, consisted essentially of the following weight percentages:
• the alloy of Example I produced according to the invention has very good resistance to corrosion by molten glass.
• a cast bar of the alloy when immersed in molten glass at 2200 F. for two hours had a weight loss of 0.3%.
• a cast bar of Alloy C had a weight loss of 0.7%.
• Example II Another example of the alloy of the invention was prepared using the following weight percentages of metals prepared in the manner given above:
• Example 111 Another example of an alloy of the invention was prepared using the following weight percentages of metals This alloy has less weight loss due to corrosion of molten glass than does Alloy C, and, in addition, has a greatly improved rupture life compared to that of Alloy C.
• the high chromium nickel and molybdenum are required to provide the necessary corrosion resistance. Iron in the matrix appears to add strength. Chromium, tungsten, tantalum and iron form carbides which when precipitated provide strength. Some of each of the tungsten, tantalum and iron must remain in the matrix. At
• At least about 0.1% carbon is necessary to form carbides. More than about 0.35% carbon causes too great a loss in ductility and results in spinner failures. Tantalum produces a random nonspherical carbide configuration. Columbium has an effect somewhat similar to tantalum, but the carbides formed tend to be spheroidized, so tantalum is preferred.
• the silicon and manganese are not required for strength or corrosion resistance, but need only be used where the metal is to be cast. For good casting properties the molal ratio of silicon to manganese should be at least 3:1 and not more than about 6:1, preferably about 5: 1.
• the alloy of the invention provides a unique combination of desirable characteristics and properties. Preparation and evaluation of a number of experimental alloys containing more and less of the various alloying constituents has established that the particular, specified, limited and balanced amounts are necessary to realize the advantages of the invention. The superior service life and excellent corrosion resistance to glass of the alloy of the invention are believed to be provided by a unique balancing effect of the amounts of the various constituents therein. Metallographic studies and microstructural analysis of the alloy support this conclusion.
• the alloy comprises a dendritic network of complex carbides in an austentic matrix of nickel, chromium, iron and tungsten.
• the optimum carbon content for the alloy is about 0.25 percent.
• the alloy microstructure exhibits a random, fine, non-spherical carbide precipitate uniformly dispersed.
• massive primary carbides and long continuous acicular carbide particles are found in alloys of somewhat higher carbon content. With lower carbon contents the precipitated carbide phase is finerand more randomly dispersed.
• Percent by weight said alloy being characterized by resistance to attack by molten glass, low creep, and high load carrying ability at elevated temperatures.
• said alloy being characterized by resistance to attack by molten glass, low creep, and high load carrying ability at elevated temperatures.
• Percent by weight about said alloy being characterized by resistance to attack by molten glass, low creep, and high load carrying ability at elevated temperatures.
• said alloy being characterized by resistance to attack by molten glass, low creep, and high load carrying ability at elevated temperatures.
• said alloy being characterized by resistance to attack by molten glass, low creep, and high load. carrying ability at elevated temperatures.
• Glass processing apparatus of the type contacted by molten glass said apparatus being formed from an alloy consisting essentially of the following percentages by weight: 33 to 37 percent of chromium, 3 to 3 /2 percent of tungsten, 2 to 10 percent of iron, 1 to 3 percent of a metal from the group consisting of tantalum and columbium, 0.1 to 0.35 percent of carbon, 3 to 3 /2 percent of molybdenum, and the balance essentially nickel.
• Glass processing apparatus comprising a member having a plurality of openings theret-hrough through which molten glass passes to form tiny filaments of glass, said member being formed from an alloy consisting essentially of:

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Metallurgy (AREA)
• Manufacture, Treatment Of Glass Fibers (AREA)
• Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)

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Cited By (15)

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Citations (5)

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• 0
  • NL NL126516D patent/NL126516C/xx active
• 1963
  • 1963-10-30 US US319970A patent/US3318694A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1964
  • 1964-10-12 GB GB41541/64A patent/GB1041930A/en not_active Expired
  • 1964-10-21 BE BE654656D patent/BE654656A/xx unknown
  • 1964-10-22 LU LU47189D patent/LU47189A1/xx unknown
  • 1964-10-22 DK DK521664AA patent/DK116397B/da unknown
  • 1964-10-27 NL NL6412470A patent/NL6412470A/xx unknown
  • 1964-10-28 DE DEO10476A patent/DE1295851B/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1964-10-28 DE DE19641758721 patent/DE1758721B1/de active Pending
  • 1964-10-29 FI FI2284/64A patent/FI43500B/fi active

Patent Citations (5)

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